Unit4 Public transport Module7
热点单词
1.accelerate v. 加快,增速 →acceleration n. 加速
2.authority n. 权力,权威 → authorize v. 授权,委托
3.connect n. 连接,联结 →connection n. 连接,联系 → connective adj. 起连接作用的
4.administrate v. 管理,支配 →administration n.管理,执行 → administrator n. 管理者,行政官员
5.aggress v. 侵略,侵犯,挑衅 →aggression n. 挑衅,侵略行为 → aggressive adj. 好斗的,有进取心的
6.consume v. 消耗,消费 →consumer n. 消费者,顾客; consumption 消费(耗)量
7.violate v. 违反,违背 → violation n. 违反,冒犯
8.punctual adj. 准时的,正点的 → punctuality n. 守时,准时 → punctually adv. 按时地
1.In comparison with his earlier songs, the song he sings now is compared to the junk.
comparison 与他以前的歌相比,他现在唱的这首歌被比作垃圾。
2.The population of the city is expanding rapidly, resulting in the expansion of many industries.
expansion 城市的人口在迅速增加,导致了很多行业的扩张。
3.The boy asked his mother for
permission but he was not permitted to go out.
permission 男孩想要母亲批准他外出但没得到许可。
4.He is a basketballer of great distinction, who has a distinct advantage when kicking the goal.
distinction 他是一个优秀的篮球运动员,在投篮时有明显的优势。
5.There are several departures for New York every day. Your train will depart from platform 5.
departures 每天有好几个班火车开往纽约,你坐的火车将从第5站台发车。
根据中文填单词完成句子,每空一词(记忆时,用下列横线上的新单词造句记忆)
1.没有提前通知就改变航线的时间表,这是极不负责任的。
It is very irresponsible to change the timetable of the airline without any announcement in advance.
2.植物也释放像氧气之类的气体进入大气,使我们的环境更为清新。
Plants also release the gas like oxygen into the atmosphere, which makes our surrounding fresher.
根据中文写出英文短语
1. 对……造成破坏
cause damage to…
2. 阻塞
choke off
3. 对……负责
be responsible for
4. 当心……
watch out for…
5. 在使用中
be in use
6. 充当……
function as…
7. 连接,会合,联合……
link up
8. 注意,关注
take notice of…
9. 弥补
make up for
10. 在修理中
under repair
11. 除了……之外,包括 in addition to
12. 目的是,旨在
be aimed at
13. 把……维护好
keep…in good condition
14. 意识到
be aware of
15. 冒生命危险
risk one's life
1.be busy with sth./be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于……
2.Why not do…? / Why do…? 为什么不做……呢?/为什么做……?
3.too + adj. / adv. + (for sb. / sth. ) to do sth. 太……以致(某人)不能做某事
4.make + it +adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.
选用下列短语的适当形式填空
make better use of; be impatient with; arise from; in honour of; under repair; be aimed at; speed up
1.In new English Curriculum, teaching should be aimed at the allround development of the students.
2.A cheer arose from the crowd when he came.
3.The use of these machines will speed up production fifty percent.
4.They will give us a lift when our car is under repair.
5.He was impatient with students who could not follow him.
1、 beneath
(1) 在……之下;向……下面
① The sun is now beneath the horizon.
太阳此刻落到地平线以下了。
(2) (地位等)低于;劣于
② He is beneath his brother intellectually.
他在智力方面不如他兄弟。
beneath one’s dignity 有失身份;beneath = under
在……的正下方;under 有“在进行中”的意思。
③The supplier of goods will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and sell all if he charges at or ____ the market price.
A. below
B. beneath
C. over
D. above
A above的反义词为below; beneath的反义词为over。
2、辨析 annoy, bother
annoy 指由于干扰、不顺利或受不了某种外界情况等而“使烦恼、懊恼”。
bother 指不停地“扰乱”、“麻烦”, 使人不能安宁, 而产生烦恼的心理。
①I was annoyed by his bad manners.
他的无礼使我恼怒。
②Pardon me for bothering you with such a small matter.
请原谅我为这点小事麻烦你。
③The lady got ____ because the boy broke her window.
A. happy
B. annoy
C. annoyed
D. anger
C get annoyed with sb. 对……恼火;生……的气。
3、 release
n. 释放
①The family paid a ransom of 50,000 dollars for the child's release.
那家人为了赎回孩子付了5万美元。
v. 放开, 放松;发行
②The terrorists will only release their hostages on certain conditions.
恐怖分子只有在某些条件下才释放人质。
③The actor's new film will_be_released next month.这位男演员的新影片下个月将公开发行。
④ After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself he ____ it into the sea.
A. transported
B. unloaded
C. released
D. handled
C
release 释放。
4 、辨析 historic, historical
(1)historic意为“历史性的、历史上出名的、有历史意义的”,一般指历史上值得纪念或为大家所知晓的重大历史事件或地点;也可指史书上曾记载的事件、人物、地点,这时可与historical互换使用。
(2)historical意为“历史的、历史学的、与历史有关的”,一般指与历史有关或有史可查的历史事件、人物或地点。
①Waterloo is a historic battlefield.
滑铁卢是历史上著名的战场。
②The historic May 4th Movement is deeply engraved in the people's mind.
历史上著名的五四运动深深地刻在人们的脑海中。
③The Second World War is a big historical event.
第二次世界大战是个重大的历史事件。
④They'll give all their historical papers to the library.
他们将把所有有关历史的文件都送给图书馆。
⑤ I said at the beginning of the book that 50 percent was documented ____ fact.
A. traditional
B. historical
C. historic
D. initial
B 句意:在书的开头我说50%是根据历史文献写的。historical有关历史的;traditional传统的;historic有历史意义的;initial原始的。
5 、 user-friendly
adj. 方便使用的;易于掌握的
英语中以“-ly”结尾的词多为副词,但有些却是形容词。这类形容词常见的有如下几类:
(1) 在friend, brother, woman这类名词后加“-ly”构成形容词。这类词通常没有相应的副词形式,其意义为“具有那种本性或本质的”。如:beastly, cowardly, earthly, fatherly, gentlemanly, heavenly, leisurely, manly, masterly, motherly, princely, queenly, kingly, scholarly, sisterly等。
①She showed motherly_love to them.
她把慈母般的爱献给了他们。
②It wasn't very friendly of you to slam the door in his face.
你当着他的面用力关门是不友好的。
③They have brotherly relations.
他们具有兄弟般的关系。
(2)在hour, day等表示时间的名词后加“ly”构成形容词。这类词通常表示“每……的”,“每……时间一次的”。如:hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly, biweekly, bimonthly等。
④The public show great interest in the president's weekly radio talk.
公众对总统每周一次的广播讲话表现出极大的兴趣。
⑤I read this poem in a quarterly magazine.
我在一本季刊上看到过这首诗。
⑥The manager was holding the_yearly_conference.
经理正在主持年会。
【注意】这类词也可兼作名词,表示报刊,还可兼作副词。
⑦Popular Medicine is a monthly.
《大众医学》是月刊。
⑧This magazine is published monthly.
这种杂志每月出版一期。
(3)有些词加“ly”成为形容词,表示人的外貌、心理或事物的特征、环境等情况。常见的有:sickly, deadly, lively, lonely, costly, orderly, homely, likely等。
⑨Some developed countries are still producing deadly weapons.
一些发达国家仍然在制造致命性武器。
⑩We explored the likely regions for the discovery of coal.
我们勘探了有可能发现煤的地区。
Hong Kong is one of the costliest cities in the world.
香港是全球生活费用最高的城市之一。
(4) 一些与方位有关的词加“ly”构成形容词。这类与方位有关的词加“ly”构成的形容词可译为“从……方向来的”或“来自……方向的”。这类词有easterly, southerly, westerly, southeasterly, northwesterly等。
The plane flew off in a southerly direction.
这架飞机飞向南方。
An easterly wind blew across the ground gently.
东风吹拂大地。
(5) 英语中有些形容词本身就是以“ly”结尾的词。常见的有ugly, silly, early, only等。
Don't make ugly faces.别做鬼脸。
He is the_only_man for the task.
他是完成这项任务唯
⑯In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks ____ to people greeting him.
A. friendly
B. lively
C. worried
D. cold
A 句意为:尽管接连不断的麻烦袭击着他,但他看起来还是对和他打招呼的人非常友善。friendly友好的;lively可爱的;worried焦虑的;cold冷淡的。
6 、 辨析 promise, let, allow, permit
(1) promise意思是“诺言;答应,许诺”,可以接双宾语、不定式、含不定式的复合宾语或从句作宾语。
promise sb. to do sth. 答应某人做某事
(2) let“允许、让”,常用于口语,其后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。
(3) allow“允许”,是日常用语,表示允许某人做某事时,其后接to的不定式作宾语补足语,也可用于被动语态中。
(4)permit“允许”,侧重表示得到权威的认可,正式条文或法规的“准许”,多用于正式场合。
①The father promised his daughter to teach her brother a lesson.
父亲答应他的女儿(他)给她的弟弟一个教训。(句中的不定式to teach her brother a lesson在此作宾语,而不是宾语补足语)
②The father allowed his daughter to teach her brother a lesson.
父亲允许他的女儿教训一下她的弟弟。(句中的不定式to teach her brother a lesson在此作宾语补足语)
③He promised that the roof should be repaired within two days.
他答应两天内应该修好屋顶。
④Don't let_your_child_play_with matches.
别让孩子玩火柴。
⑤The boss doesn't_allow_me_to use the telephone.
老板不允许我使用电话。
⑥The doctor doesn't permit me to stay up.
医生并不允许我熬夜。
⑦— Can I smoke here?
— Sorry. We don’t allow ____ here.
A. people smoking
B. people smoke
C. to smoke
D. smoking
D 句意:对不起,我们不允许在这儿抽烟。allow接动名词作宾语,表示“允许做某事”。
⑧ The guard ____ the old man to enter the hall after he showed him the pass.
A. promised
B. let
C. agreed
D. permitted
D
句意:老人出示通行证后门卫让他进入大厅。句型为“permit sb. to do sth.” 表示“允许某人做某事”,与题意相符。
7 、undertake
vt. & vi. (undertook, undertaken) 承担;承受;许诺;开始进行
undertake后接名词、代词或不定式作宾语,但不能接动词的ing形式。同时,也可接宾语从句。
undertake to do sth. 答应做某事
undertake a task/a project/a research
负责一个任务/工程/研究
①I'll undertake_that I will buy you a birthday present.
我保证给你买一个生日礼物。
②I undertook_to_teach the children English.
我答应教孩子们英语。
③He is going to undertake a new experiment.
他打算着手进行一项新的实验。
④If the equipment is not up to the agreed specifications and quality, we will ___ to replace it.
A. force
B. undertake
C. overcome
D. apply
B 句意:如果设备达不到议定的规格质量,我们将负责调换。force作“迫使、强迫”,常跟宾语;apply表示“申请”,后常跟for;overcome表示“克服”;而undertake则表示“负责,着手”,后可跟不定式。
8 、辨析 rise, arise, raise
这3个动词的音、形近似,且含义也相近,都有“上升”的意思,但它们的含义和用法有所不同。
(1) rise vi. (rose, risen)没有被动语态,使用范围较广。它可以指太阳、月亮、河水、物价、数量等“升起、上升、增长”,也可以指人“起立、起床、地位升高”等。
(2) arise意为“上升;发生”,是比较庄重的用语,主要用于诗歌或带古风的文体,含有比喻的韵味;当difficulty, problem, crisis, conflict等词用作主语时,习惯上与arise搭配,不用rise。
(3) raise vt. 它一般指“升起、举起、抬起、提出”等具体行为、动作,有时也用于借喻,表示“提高”工资、价格、地位,“增加”数量、容量等。
①The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
②The total output rose by 20%.
总产量增长了20%。
③New problems arise when the old ones are solved.
旧问题解决时新问题又来了。
④They raised a national flag.
他们升起了一面国旗。
⑤He was_raised from clerk to manager.
他由职员提升到经理。
⑥The question ____ then. What are we going to do when we graduate from the university?
A. raises
B. arouses
C. arises
D. rises
C 句意:然后问题出现了。我们大学毕业后将做什么?表示出现不愉快的“问题”,常用arise。
⑦Having heard the unfair conditions, the angry man ____ from the chair, ____ his voice.
A. raised; raising
B. rose; raising
C. raised; rising
D. rose; rising
B 句意:听到那不公平的条件,那位生气的人提高嗓音从椅子上站起来。前一空后面没有宾语,故用不及物动词rose。后一句后面接有宾语,故用及物动词raise的现在分词形式,表伴随状况。
1、 pick up
(1) 拾起
①The boy picked_up the hat for the old man.
男孩替老人拾起了帽子。
(2) 收拾
②You should pick up the tools after work.
工作结束后应该把工具收拾好。
(3) 学到;获得
③He was_picking_up the skills quickly.
他正在很快地掌握技术。
(4)[口] 与……偶然结识(常指与异性调情)
④We picked up a couple of girls at the pub last Friday.
上星期五我们在酒吧结识了几个女孩。
⑤I ____ a lot of English while I was in England.
A. picked out
B. put out
C. put up
D. picked up
D
pick up在此表示“偶然中学到”。
2、drop off
(1) 让……下车
①Please drop_me_off at the bank.
请让我在银行下车。
(2) 减少;下降
②The business of the company was dropping off.
这家公司的生意日益清淡。
(3) 睡着
③She dropped off during the lesson.
她在听课时睡着了。
④ My old friend Jack was on business in the city and he ____ me yesterday.
A. dropped out of
B. dropped in at
C. dropped in on
D. dropped off
D
drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人。
3、 辨析 postpone, delay, put off
(1)postpone 用于正式场合,由于种种原因而不得不“延期”完成会议等。
(2)delay 指由于各种原因而导致“延误、耽搁”。
(3)put off 一般用语。
①They postponed_sending an answer to a request.
他们耽搁了对一项请求的答复。
②The flight was badly delayed because of fog.
因雾航班被延误了很久。
③ To postpone ____ the debt will ruin our business reputation.
A. paying
B. to pay
C. pay
D. paid
A
postpone doing sth. 延期做某事。
1、Aeroplanes are used to travel quickly over long distances. 飞机用来长距离的快速旅行。
句中的be used to do“被用来做某事”,to 是不定式符号,后跟动词原形。
①Bamboo is_used_to_make_into walking sticks and fishing poles.
竹子用来制成手杖和渔竿。
②And all this beautiful silk, she said, would be used to weave colorful clouds in heaven.
她说所有这些美丽的蚕丝都将用来织天上的彩云。
used to 表示“过去如此, 现在不再这样了”。只有过去时, 它既可以视为助动词, 其否定式为:usedn‘t to;亦可以看作及物动词, 其否定式为:didn’t use to。它不能用来说明事情发生的具体次数和状态, 不能强调动作,不用于现在时。
③I used_to_live_with my grandparents, but I have my own home now.
过去我与祖父母生活在一起,但现在我有自己的家了。
④She used to visit her uncle on holidays, didn't she?
她以前常常在假日去拜访她的叔叔,是不是?
(2) be used to doing是“习惯于”某一客观事实和状态,不强调动作,to为介词。
⑤He is_used_to_working in that company.
他习惯了在那家公司工作。
(3) get used to 指的是从不习惯到习惯这一过程的转变,强调动作,不用于现在时。
⑥You will soon get_used_to the weather here.
你很快就会习惯这里的天气。
⑦Did you get / become used to hard work when you were in the countryside?
你在乡下时习惯于辛勤劳动吗?
⑧In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ____ .
A. that used to be
B. it is used to
C. it was used to
D. it used to be
D 句意:依我看,21世纪的生活比过去容易多了。通常情况下used to 后面的be不能省。
2、So why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
所以今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢?
Why not do…? 是Why don’t you do…?的省略形式,这是表“建议”的句型,意为:为什么不做……呢?其肯定式是why do you do… / why do…?肯定句式常用于责问对方,意为:为什么做……?
①Why_don't_you (=Why not) sing a song?
为什么不唱支歌呢?
②Why not_turn_to the teacher for advice?
为什么不向老师征求意见呢?
③Why do you/Why lend him the money?
为什么要借钱给他?
表示“建议”的其他句型:
(1) Let's do…, shall we? / How / What about doing…? 我们可以做……吗?/做……怎么样?
(2) Can't we do…? 我们不能做……吗?(这是一个否定疑问句表示建议或邀请)
(3)I suggest you (should) do… / I advise you to do… / You'd better do… 我劝你应该做……/你最好做……(这3个句型均为直接向对方提出建议,使用时需注意句中的动词形式)
(4) Maybe we could do… 也许我们能做……
(5) Would you like /love to do…? 你愿意做……吗?
(6) I wonder if you should do… 我想知道你是否应该做……
(7) I think it's better for you to do… 我认为对你来说做……更好。
④— It’s a long time since I saw my sister.
— ____ her this weekend?
A. Why not visit
B. Why not to visitC. Why not visiting
D. Why don’t visit
A 句意:“我很久没有见到我的妹妹了。”“为什么不在这个周末去看看她去呢?”回答人显然是在提出建议。“Why not + 动词原形”结构用来表示建议。
3、Many cyclists do not pay attention to the cars that surround them and often ride too close to cars to allow them space and time to stop.
许多骑自行车的人不注意周围的车辆,而且经常骑得与车辆太近,以至于车辆没有足够的空间和时间刹车。
句中的too close to cars to allow them space and time to stop 是“too + adj. / adv. + (for sb. / sth. ) to do sth.”句型,表示“太……以致(某人)不能做某事”。
①The problem is too difficult for me to work out.
这问题太难了,我解答不了。
②The gate is too_narrow_for_a_car_to_get_through.
这门太窄了,一辆小汽车通不过。
其实,这类句子都可以改为so…that结构的句子。以上句子可分别改写为:
The problem is so difficult that I can't work it out.
The gate is so narrow that a car can't get through it.
too + adj. / adv. + (for +n./ pron. ) + to do sth.结构在大多数情况下表示否定意义,即“太……而不能……”之意,但too…to…结构在下列几种情况下,也可表示肯定意义。
not 置于动词不定式前,成为too…not to do结构时,原来表示否定意义的不定式再次受否定,变为肯定意义,意为“太……不会不”或“非常……必定能……”。
③He is too tall not to reach the book on the bookshelf.
他很高不会够不到书架上的书。
④You are too_wise_not_to_know that.
你很聪明,必然会知道那件事情。
在too…to do…这一结构前有not, never, no longer, but, only, all等词时,这一结构的意思也为肯定意义。
⑤The box is not too heavy for me to carry.
这个箱子并不重,我提得动。
⑥One is never_too_old_to_learn.
活到老,学到老。
⑦You know but too well to hold your tongue.
你十分清楚少言为佳。
⑧I'll be only too glad to join in your games.
我非常想参加你们的比赛。
too 后为 anxious, eager, easy, glad, happy, pleased, excited, ready, satisfied, kind, willing, difficult等表示态度、心情、倾向等方面的形容词时,too 相当于very much(极其,十分,非常),表示肯定意义。
⑨They were too_anxious_to_leave.
他们急着要走。
⑩The model worker is_too_ready_to help others.
这位劳动模范非常乐于帮助别人。
It's too kind of you to help us repair the car.
你真是太好了,帮助我们修车。
当不定式充当句子中的实际主语时,too…to…表示肯定含义。
It's too_wrong_of_you_to have made such foolish mistakes.
你犯这种愚蠢的错误实在是大错特错。
Thanks for your trouble.
— Not at all. I’m ____ pleased to help you.
A. too much
B. too only
C. so much
D. only too
D 句意:没关系,我非常高兴能帮助你。too…to前面有only表示肯定意义,表示“非常……”。
4、Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle or overloading it makes it unsteady and more difficult to control.
在你的自行车上加上一个重东西或过分负载会使自行车不稳而更难以控制。
此句是make it +adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.句型。在此结构中,it是形式宾语,此结构中真正的宾语是后面的不定式,而形容词充当了宾语补足语成分,尤其是当宾语太长时,常采用it作形式宾语的形式。
①Each new way of looking at a situation deepens our understanding and makes it easier to discover new possibilities.
每一种看待情况的新方法都会加深我们对问题的理解,使我们更容易发现新的解决途径。
②The hard situation here made it necessary to make some changes.
现在困难的局面有必要做一些变化了。
(1) 此类以it作形式宾语的动词还有feel, consider, find, believe, take, imagine, think, suppose, regard等。
③I consider_it_reasonable to tell her beforehand.
我认为提前告诉她还是很有道理的。
④I find_it_quite_impossible to make some changes.
我发现要做些变化不可能。
(2) make +宾语+宾语补足语
在这一结构中,宾语补足语可以是不带to的动词不定式、过去分词或形容词形式。
make +宾语+不带to的不定式。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人做某事”。 若变为被动语态,补语要用带to的动词不定式。
⑤They made the boy stand in front of us.
他们让那个男孩站在我们面前。
⑥In the old society, the farmers were_made_to_work day and night.
在旧社会,农民被迫不分白天黑夜地干活。
make +宾语+过去分词。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事被……”。
⑦The chemistry teacher had a special way to make his students interested_in_chemistry.
这位化学老师有一种特殊的方法使学生对化学感兴趣。
make +宾语+形容词。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事(变得)……”。
⑧The interesting story made_him_very_excited.
这个有趣的故事使得他很兴奋。
make后的宾补还可用名词。
⑨She made herself the centre of the class.
她使自己成为班里的中心。
⑩As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
A. this
B. that
C. one
D. it
D
句意:作为诺顿最忙的人,她把关心镇里其他人的事作为她的职责。作形式宾语只能用it。
雅思分类词汇整理:中国古代独特事物
雅思分类词汇整理:常见工作名称 4
雅思分类词汇整理:常见工作名称 3
雅思分类词汇整理:金融
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雅思分类词汇整理:常见工作名称 5
雅思分类词汇整理:学校
雅思场景词汇大整理:外表衣着
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雅思分类词汇整理:常见工作名称 2
雅思分类词汇整理:爱的表达
雅思分类词汇整理:足球比赛方式
雅思分类词汇整理:果汁/点心
雅思分类词汇整理:教育(4)
雅思分类词汇整理:工作目标
雅思分类词汇整理:常见工作名称
雅思分类词汇整理:中国新兴事物
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雅思分类词汇整理:SARS
雅思分类词汇整理:新春佳节
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雅思听力场景词汇:医院
雅思分类词汇整理:药品
雅思分类词汇整理:个人简历
雅思听力场景词汇:地理
雅思分类词汇整理:颜色
雅思分类词汇整理:日常用品
雅思分类词汇整理:足球场地名称
雅思分类词汇整理:中国意念词
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