2017届高考英语二轮 专题复习与增分策略 阅读理解3 观点态度类（课件）

　　答案

　　A

　　答案　D Delays could give rise to further problems.

　　to

　　from

　　as

　　It refers to the people who disagree with skeptics.

　　So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg’s book go

　　largely unchallenged in the media though his

　　beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions.

　　答案

　　C

　　答案

　　A

　　答案　B 答案　A insist on

　　We said we’d give her the cash，and we must

　　stick to our agreement.

　　拿起

　　用车接(某人)

　　偶然学会

　　接收

　　获得

　　It means “Experience may possibly be the best teac- her，but it is not a particularly good teacher”.

　　March’s new book and his opinion about experience.

　　答案

　　B

　　答案　C 答案

　　D

　　答案

　　B

　　答案　D at most

　　in

　　is

　　It has been made to help you better manage your money.

　　a regular

　　report

　　a FREE magazine

　　fantastic offers

　　competitions

　　返回

　　答案　D 答案　D 答案

　　C

　　答案

　　B

　　答案

　　B

　　答案

　　D

　　答案　A

　　结果是

　　出席

　　生产,制造

　　朝外

　　give out

　　ran

　　out

　　was

　　used

　　up.

　　The person willing to act on their sudden desire

　　to create something unique is blessed.

　　It refers to the movies，books，teachers，and

　　friends that have affected you most deeply.

　　答案　B 答案　A 三、观点态度类

　　1.观点态度类题目的设题方式

　　常见的观点态度类的题型有以下几种形式：

　　(1)The author writes this passage to

　　.

　　(2)The author in this passage intends to

　　.

　　(3)The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to

　　.

　　(4)Why does the author write this passage?

　　(5)What’s the purpose of the text?

　　(6)How does the author seem to feel about...?

　　2.观点态度类阅读理解的备考策略

　　观点态度类的题和了解文章大意有所不同，后者要知道文章的中心思想是什么；而前者是要知道作者为什么要写这篇文章。例如，一篇报导有关美国离婚内容的文章，其中心思想可能是高离婚率对美国社会、家庭、当事者以及他们子女的影响，而作者写这篇文章的目的却是引起社会的关注，或要人们对离婚持谨慎的态度。

　　作者通常采用的论述方法有：

　　(1)摆事实，讲道理，论证自己的观点。

　　(2)只介绍和传递信息，并不发表自己的看法。

　　(3)从多方面阐述意义或重要性。

　　(4)分析某事物的危险性，并提出警告。

　　(5)从多方面或多角度分析原因或因素。

　　(6)用事实或数据进行生动形象地描写。

　　(7)告知方法或做法等，且祈使句使用频率比较高。

　　(8)阐明某项建议或解决方法的可行性。

　　(9)作者对某一事物的看法，要么支持要么反对，带有立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。

　　(10)漠不关心的词语一定不对，既然写文章就不会不关心。

　　(11)不要把读者自己的态度揉入其中，要区分开作者和文章中人物的态度。

　　(12)当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度。

　　(13)作者的观点一般与文章主旨相关联。

　　实例透析

　　1.(2011·重庆卷·C)Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

　　In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.

　　Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long­lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?

　　Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first­time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.

　　67.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

　　A.To stress the role of dirt.

　　B.To introduce the history of dirt.

　　C.To call attention to the danger of dirt.

　　D.To present the change of views on dirt.

　　解析　观点态度题。全文向我们呈现了不同时期人们对灰尘的不同观点。

　　2.(2011·福建卷·E)The Internet will open up new vistas (前景)，create the global village—you can make new friends all around the world.That，at least，is what it promised us.The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account.The reality is that we cannot keep relationship with more than a limited number of people.No matter how hard the Internet tries to put you in communication，its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.

　　The problem is twofold(双重的).First，there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with.That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain.Second，the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest (投入) in them.We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what’s left among as many others as we can.The problem is that if we invest little time in a person，our engagement with that person will decline(减弱)until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.

　　This is not，of course，to say that the Internet doesn’t serve a socially valuable function.Of course it does.But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world，but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to move to the other side of the world.

　　In one sense，that’s a good thing.But it also has a disadvantage.If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them，then certainly you aren’t using your time to make new friends where you now live.And I suspect that probably isn’t the best use of your time.Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other，face to face.The Internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end，but it won’t stop that happening eventually.

　　75.What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the Internet to strengthen relationships?

　　A.He is uncertain about it.

　　B.He is hopeful of it.

　　C.He approves of it.

　　D.He doubts it.

　　解析　观点态度题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了网络在人与人之间的交流方面并没有起到应有的作用，因此作者对网络在加强人与人之间关系方面持的是怀疑的态度，故D项正确。

　　考题印证

　　A

　　(2011·天津卷·D)Blind imitation (模仿) is self­destruction.To those who do not recognize their unique worth，imitation appears attractive；to those who know their strength，imitation is unacceptable.

　　In the early stages of skill or character development，imitation is helpful.When I first learned to cook，I used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes.But soon I grew bored.Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle；they help you get going，but once you find your own balance，you fly faster and farther without relying on them.

　　In daily life，imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models.If，as a child，you observed people whose lives were bad，you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did.If you do not make strong choices for yourself，you will get the results of the weak choices of others.

　　In the field of entertainment，our culture glorifies celebrities.Those stars look great on screen.But when they step off screen，their personal lives may be disastrous.If you are going to follow someone，focus on their talent，not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.

　　Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique.Think of the movies，books，teachers，and friends that have affected you most deeply.They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration，not desperation.The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them，but by those who do what has been done inside them.Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.The problem a creator faces is not running out of material；it is what to do with all the material knocking at the door of imagination.

　　Study your role models，accept the gifts they have given，and leave behind what does not serve you.Then you can say，“I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’tragedies and declare victory，and know that they are cheering me on.”

　　1.Imitation proves useful when you

　　.

　　A.know you are unique

　　B.lose the balance of life

　　C.begin to learn something new

　　D.get tired of routine practice

　　解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话“In the early stages of...”并结合本段后半部分作者所举的自己学习做饭的例子可知，模仿在一个人的技能形成或性格养成的早期是有益的。

　　2.To avoid the bad result of imitation，we should

　　.

　　A.forget daily fear and pain

　　B.choose the right example

　　C.ask others for decisions

　　D.stay away from stars

　　解析　推理判断题。作者在第三段中阐述了对不良榜样的模仿会对自身产生不良的影响，而第四、五段对榜样的好坏做了具体分析，在最后一段又提出了避免错误模仿的正确做法。综合文章中心意思，为了避免模仿的不良后果，我们首先应该挑选好的榜样。

　　3.According to the author，the world moves on because of those who are

　　.

　　A.desperate to influence others with their knowledge

　　B.ready to turn their original ideas into reality

　　C.eager to discover what their ancestors did

　　D.willing to accept others’ideas

　　解析　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第四句话“The world is changed not...inside them.”可知，在作者看来，世界的改变不是因为那些因循守旧的人，而是那些内心有想法、有创造力的人推动的。通过对本段最后两句话的理解可以看出，有创造力的人面临的问题就在于如何将叩开其想象之门的东西变成现实。

　　4.The trouble a creator faces is

　　.

　　A.the lack of strong motivation

　　B.the absence of practical ideas

　　C.how to search for more materials

　　D.how to use imagination creatively

　　解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句话“...it is what to do with all the material knocking at the door of imagination.”可知正确答案。

　　5.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

　　A.To highlight the importance of creativity.

　　B.To criticize the characters of role models.

　　C.To compare imitation with creation.

　　D.To explain the meaning of success.

　　解析　写作意图题。作者在第三、四段论述了盲目模仿的危害，在第五段又提出了是创造性的人才促进了世界的改变的观点，而最后一段又建议人们要批判性地学习，其目的就是要强调创造的重要性。

　　211工程(优秀生选做题)

　　2.vocabulary：

　　(1)指出下列句子中turn out的意思

　　I’m sure it will all turn out well in the end.

　　Only 62% of the electorate turned out to vote._____

　　The company plans to turn out 2,000 small planes a year.____________

　　Keep your back straight and turn your toes out.______

　　(2)run out of用完

　　run out＝用完

　　A：The money was run out of.

　　B：The money .

　　C：The money

　　1.将下句改为正常语序

　　Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique.

　　1.What does the underlined word “they” in Para.5 refer to?

　　________________________________________________________________________________________

　　B

　　(2011·重庆卷·E)Skeptics are a strange lot.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment，and they are tired of people who disagree with them.Those people，say skeptics，spread nothing but bad news about the environment.The “eco­guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.

　　Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity.That book，The Skeptical Environmentalist，declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine.Of course，another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.Indeed，Mr.Lomborg’s views are similar to those of some Industry­funded organizations，which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.

　　So it was strange to see Mr.Lomborg’s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions.One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise，even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg，the environmental movement will begin to die down.”

　　Such one­sided views should have immediately been challenged.But only a different review appeared in Nature，a respected science magazine with specific readership.The review remarked that Mr.Lomborg’s “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”.

　　A critical (批判的) eye is valuable，and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.Unfortunately，that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests.People might become half­blind before a world partially exhibited by the media.That’s a shame，because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.

　　1.According to the passage，which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”？

　　A.People who agree on the popularity of “eco­guilt”.

　　B.People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.

　　C.People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.

　　D.People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.

　　解析　细节理解题。由第一段中“Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment...”可知B项正确。

　　2.Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg’s book?

　　A.Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.

　　B.The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.

　　C.The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.

　　D.Industry­funded media presents confusing information.

　　解析　细节理解题。由第二段的“Of course，another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.”可知答案为A。

　　3.The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to

　　.

　　A.voice a different opinion

　　B.find fault with Lomborg’s book

　　C.challenge the authority of the media

　　D.point out the value of scientific views

　　解析　细节理解题。由第四段首句内容可知，“像这样片面的观点本应立即受到质疑”，第二句又提到“但仅有一种不同的观点出现在《自然》杂志上”，意在说明“稀缺性”“差异性”，更凸显了它的重要性，故作者向我们说明了《自然》杂志上的一种不同观点。

　　4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?

　　A.To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.

　　B.To warn the public of the danger of half­blindness with reviews.

　　C.To blame the media’s lack of responsibility in presenting information.

　　D.To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.

　　解析　作者意图题。由最后一段内容可知，作者的目的是说明媒体展现全面信息的重要性。

　　211工程(优秀生选做题)

　　2.vocabulary：

　　(1)give rise to引起；导致

　　延期可能会导致更多的问题。

　　(2)similar adj.相似的

　　be similar和……相似

　　be different和……不同

　　be the same...和……一样

　　1.What do the underlined words “Those people” in Para.1 refer to?

　　________________________________________________

　　1.从文中找出与下句意义相近的句子

　　Mr.Lomborg was different from most scientists in belief but his book was widely accepted in the media；how strange it is!

　　C

　　(2011·四川卷·D)“Experience may possibly be the best teacher，but it is not a particularly good teacher.”You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words，but they actually come from James March，a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational all decision making.For years March (possibly the wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act，and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.

　　He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning：“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及) serious complications (复杂化)，ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.

　　In one interesting part of the book，for example，he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning.In our efforts to make stories interesting，he argues，we lose part of the complicated truth of things.He says，“The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story，the less realistic it is.”

　　Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher，March is also a poet，and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses.Though the book is short，it is demanding：Don’t pick it up looking for quick，easy lessons.Rather，be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.

　　1.According to the text，James March is

　　.

　　A.a poet who uses experience in his writing

　　B.a teacher who teaches story writing in university

　　C.a researcher who studies the way humans think and act

　　D.a professor who helps organizations make important decisions

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“For years March...has studied how humans think and act...The Ambiguities of Experience.”可知March是研究人的思维和行为方式的人员。

　　2.According to James March，experience

　　.

　　A.is overvalued

　　B.is easy to explain

　　C.should be actively sought

　　D.should be highly respected

　　解析　推理判断题。通过对第二段的理解可知，March对人们对经验的深信不疑产生了怀疑。他指出了从经验获取知识所涉及的一些问题。由此可推出，March认为人们高估了经验。其余选项均可通过对文章的理解排除掉。

　　3.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

　　A.Experience makes stories more accurate.

　　B.Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.

　　C.The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.

　　D.Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.

　　解析　推理判断题。由第三段中“In our efforts to make stories interesting，he argues，we lose part of the complicated truth of things.”可以推测出，在March看来，在我们努力让故事显得有趣的时候，我们已经失去了复杂事实的一部分。由此可确定正确答案为B。

　　4.What’s the purpose of this text?

　　A.To introduce a book.

　　B.To describe a researcher.

　　C.To explain experiential learning.

　　D.To discuss organizational decision making.

　　解析　写作意图题。纵观全文，第一段就提到了March的新书，接下来在第二段末尾又提到which March discusses in the body of this book；第三段第一句话又紧接着说In one interesting part of the book，以及最后一段中Though the book is short...一句，均可看出这篇文章的目的是介绍一本书。

　　211工程(优秀生选做题)

　　2.vocabulary：

　　(1)stick to＝坚持；遵守

　　我们说过会给她现金，我们就必须信守我们的约定。

　　(2)指出下列句子中pick up的意思

　　He picked the phone up and dialed.

　　Will you pick me up after the party？She picked up a few German phrases while staying in Berlin.________

　　I don’t think this thing can pick up foreign stations.____

　　The film is tipped to pick up at least three Oscars._____

　　1.What does the underlined word “they” in Para.1 mean?

　　_________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　1.What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　___________________________________________________

　　D

　　(2011·江西卷·B)

　　Winners Club

　　You choose to be a winner!

　　The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.It has been made to help you better manage your money.The Winners Club is a transaction account(交易账户) where you receive a key­card so you can get to your money 24/7—that’s 24 hours a day,7 days a week!

　　It’s a club with impressive features for teenagers：

　　●No account keeping fees!

　　You’re no millionaire so we don’t expect you to pay large fees.In fact，there are no account keeping or transaction fees!

　　●Excellent interest rates!

　　You want your money to grow.The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits(储蓄) without taking them out in a month.

　　●Convenient

　　Teenagers are busy—we get that.You may never need to come to a bank at all.With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet...You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account.This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part­time job!

　　●Mega magazine included

　　Along with your regular report，you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money.There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members.

　　The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers.And it is so easy to join.Simply fill in an application form.You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool key­card) but it is easy.We can’t wait to hear from you.It’s the best way to choose to be a winner!

　　1.The Winners Club is a bank account intended for

　　.

　　A.parents

　　B.teenagers

　　C.winners

　　D.adults

　　解析　细节理解题。由第一段第一句“The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.”可知，此银行账户是针对青少年开设的。

　　2.Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club?

　　A.Special gifts are ready for parents.

　　B.The bank opens only on work days.

　　C.Services are convenient for its members.

　　D.Fees are necessary for the account keeping.

　　解析　细节理解题。A项文中未提及；B选项由文章第一段最后一句“...7 days a week！”可知是错误的；D选项根据文章第一个小标题No account keeping fees！可知是错误的；而根据文章第三个小标题的Convenient可知该银行的服务是非常方便的，故选C。

　　3.The Winners Club provides magazines which

　　.

　　A.encourage spending

　　B.are free to all teenagers

　　C.are full of adventure stories

　　D.help to make more of your money

　　解析　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Along with your regular report，you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money.”可知D项正确。

　　4.If you want to be a member of the Club，you must

　　.

　　A.be an Internet user

　　B.be permitted by your parent

　　C.have a big sum of money

　　D.be in your twenties

　　解析　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian...”可知B项正确。

　　5.What is the purpose of this text?

　　A.To set up a club.

　　B.To provide part­time jobs.

　　C.To organize key­cards.

　　D.To introduce a new banking service.

　　解析　写作意图题。全文旨在介绍针对青少年开设的一种新的银行账户。

　　211工程(优秀生选做题)

　　2.vocabulary：

　　(1)at least至少

　　至多

　　at best充其量

　　not the least一点也不，丝毫不

　　not least特别；尤其

　　(2)along with，together with和……一起

　　He，along with his sisters going to China next year.

　　What’s the function of the Winners Club?

　　For a Winners Club member，he can receive ，， and

　　______________.