45.A.voyage
B.movement
C.change
D.rush
解析 根据句意“……邀请学生开始令人激动的对未知世界的探索之旅……”。所以应填voyage“航行”。B项侧重于“短暂的行为活动”,而作者意为“伟大的历程”,而C项“改变”,D项“匆忙,急促”更与文章主旨无关。
失分防范3 偏离主题,忽略作者意图 完形填空设置选项往往在词性、词义上都是一致、相似的选项,代入设空处没有语法毛病,意义上相差甚微,此时一定要推测文章主题、作者意图、主旨等,不可马虎草率。 【典例剖析3】 ...I __38__.Thanking him,I made a time with him to listen to all the songs and choose the__ones
that I could sing.I have come full circle with his help...
His __40__
still warms my heart and makes me do just that bit extra,when I have the chance.
38.A.had to cry
B.ought to cry
C.should have cried
D.could have cried 40.A.courage
B.devotion
C.kindness
D.trust
解析 文章大意为:我因病身体残疾,但热爱音乐。在经济困难需要挣钱补贴家用时,我想发挥自己的爱好和特长,去餐馆唱歌挣钱。在我没有足够的钱买昂贵的音乐光盘时,音乐店的老板拿出自己视为珍宝的800首歌曲随便让“我”挑选。……第38题,(我很感动),可能当时我早已泪流满面,故选D项,could have cried表示“当时可能已哭了”,才真正符合作者的表达意图。A项“不得不哭”不能表达作者的“感激之情”。B项“应该哭”,C项“应该哭而没有哭”都不是作者的意图。第40题,根据全文可知,作者详细描述店主对自己的帮助,店主的善举感动了作者,故选C项。kindness“友好行为,善举”。而其他选项都不是作者要表达的主旨。
失分防范4 只顾词义,忽略语法结构 近几年完形填空中很少涉及语法知识,但并不是不涉及,有时选项中某两项意义接近,甚至一样,但涉及到语法时,则只有一个最佳选项。 【典例剖析4】 ...A man will be __2__ (reading) the newspaper,and seconds later it __3__
as if he is trying to __4__ (eat) it...
3.A.acts
B.shows
C.appears
D.sounds
解析 如果理解为“他的行为……”或“他表现地要吃报纸”,则容易误选A或B项。此处It appears/seems as if...为固定句型,意思是“看起来好像……”。此处意为“几秒钟之后,他看起来好像在吃报纸(打瞌睡)。”故答案为C项。
第3课时 说明文、议论文类完形填空 ⊙怎么考 说明类完形填空常用言简意赅的文字,按照一定的方法介绍说明做某事的步骤、过程、方法等。而议论文类完形填空通常围绕某一论点,通过推理、归纳、对比和分析等手法加以说明。对两类文体的设题仍然以实词为主,考查学生的语言综合运用能力。
⊙怎么学 在平时的阅读训练中,对于说明文,要注意文中涉及到的定义、举例说明等具体信息。对于议论文要注意掌握全文主旨,抓住每段的首句、尾句、主题句,理清文章的论点、论据和结论。 ⊙怎么解 针对两种文体的特点,最常用、有效的方法有:
1.寻找信息法 完形填空寻找信息通常通过上下文的语境来命题。这样,上下文通常会有和解题相关的信息,这些信息可以帮助我们解题,从而选出正确答案。
【典例剖析】 (2017·广东卷)Number sense is not the ability to count.It is the ability to recognize a __1__(change) in number. Human beings are born with this ability. __2__ (Surprisingly),experiments show that many animals are,too.For example,many birds have good number sense.If a nest has four eggs and you remove one,the bird will not __3__(notice).However,if you remove two,the bird __4__(generally) leaves.This means that the bird knows the __5__ between two and three. 5.A.distance
B.range
C.difference
D.interval
解析 本题上下文中帮助解题的信息十分丰富。根据空前所讲述的例子可知,很明显这意味着鸟儿知道2和3的不同(difference)。上文中的信息足以作为该题的解题根据。故选C。
2.语意转折法 作者在对事物的步骤、过程等进行说明时,为了表达的需要,通常会运用并列、转折、递进等写作手法,这些信息是解题的重要依据。 【典例剖析】 (2017·安徽卷)You will have more success if you study regularly,so try to develop a __45__(routine).It doesn't matter if you haven't got long.Becoming fluent in a language will take years,but learning to get by takes __46__.
46.A.some risks
B.a lot less
C.some notes
D.a lot more
解析 语意转折是作者表达思想的常见方法,考生在解题时可以联系文章语境的走向弄清楚作者要表达的真正思想。联系上题第45个空的选择,达到语言的流利程度需要花费数年,之后作者使用了but表示语境的转折,通过对比发现,这里第46个空的意思和take years应该是相反的,所以得出:达到基本的语言能力花费的时间要少得多(a lot less)。故选B。
3.围绕主旨,上下求证法 善于从上下文中利用正向推断法,逆向推断法和正向逆向联合推断法解题。 【典例剖析】 (2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)As a general rule,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis.As a matter of fact,we can see this __41__ at work in people of all __42__.For example,on Christmas morning,children are excited about __43__ with their new toys.
41.A.principle
B.habit C.way
D.power 42.A.parties
B.races
C.countries
D.ages 43.A.working
B.living
C.playing
D.going 解析 第一句as a general rule点明主旨:通常情况下,当所有的活动以常规形式进行的时候就会变得无聊。下文的多处选项均可围绕这一主旨选择答案,故41选A项,表示作者提出的是一般性的规律。第42题,根据下文各个年龄段的人群,选D项,也是围绕这一主旨论点的。第43题,选C项,孩子们玩新玩具。
4.因果关系法 议论文类的完形填空的特点是突出论点,并运用论据对论点进行论证,这样行文线索常常会体现因果逻辑关系,所以解题时要善于抓住这些信息。 【典例剖析】 (2017·江苏卷)Most developed nations have become __43__ on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it,and at this point not __44__(using) it would make them an outsider.
43.A.bent
B.hard
C.keen
D.dependent
解析 因果关系是议论文中常见的逻辑现象。正确分析这种现象,考生能够明确由“因”带来的“果”,以及“果”所出自的“因”。本题中,人们对数字科技形成的习惯这个“因”,造成了人们对其依赖的这个“果”。because起到关键作用,有助于分析理解句子。keen on“喜爱,热衷于”。故选D。
策略三 完形填空解题四防范 失分防范1 忽略上下语境关系 不少考生做完形填空时不顾对全文的整体理解,不考虑作者的主旨、思想态度等,甚至不顾上下文的连贯逻辑,看一题做一题,顾此失彼,造成较多的失误分。
【典例剖析1】 ...I __44__ the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I looked into the eyes of a stranger,who was trying to get past me.Surprisingly,instead of moving on,she stopped to ask if I was OK.After I explained my __48__
to her,she pointed to a bus stop across the street,where a bus would take me back into the city to my appointment.Sitting there waiting,I felt __50__
that someone had been willing to help.Then,hearing a horn(喇叭)nearby,I looked up to see a car with my new friend waving
at me to get in...
44.A.looked at
B.waited for
C.got off
D.ran into
解析 根据上文可知,“我”下了公交车,站在人行道上不知所措。根据语境可知C项正确。有不少考生不顾上文语境而误选B项“等公交车”,导致错误。 48.A.idea
B.motivation
C.excuse
D.situation
解析 根据上下文语境,当“我”向她解释了“我”的处境之后……,situation处境,境况,故选D。此选项如果忽略上下语境则容易误选其它选项。
50.A.afraid
B.grateful
C.certain
D.disappointed
解析 根据上下文,有人愿意主动帮“我”,“我”非常感激(grateful)。根据语境及常识可知B项正确。如果忽略下文语境“我”的思想,则容易误选D项。
失分防范2 忽略搭配与词义的推敲 【典例剖析2】 ...Twenty years later,the woman could guess what the professor had in mind.He __44__
himself,perhaps,as inviting his students to start an exciting __45__
into an unknown world invisible(无形的) to the eye,which can be discovered only through scientific methods...
44.A.describe d
B.respected
C.saw
D.served
解析 句意:他可能把自己看成是在邀请学生去探索未知世界。see...as...把……看成,所以应选C项。describe...as...“把……描述为”;respect...as...“把……尊为”;serve as“充当”;虽然搭配都对,但如果忽略上下文语境意义,则容易导致误选。
别误会这些英文(九)
Cell phones pinpoint locations
Beijing, Shanghai flights canceled
Japanese columnist caught in university fib
Drone bases will monitor seacoasts
Ban's Gangnam Style day with rapper
Not in her league?
Secret talks held over Diaoyu Islands
Canberra to emphasize education, language studies
Kennedy cousin denied parole for killing girl in 1975
Clashes flare in Lebanon as crisis worsens
别误会这些英文(八)
Savile victims allege pedophile ring
Man's passion documents bicycle culture
Australia maps out its Asia 'pivot'
Guangzhou considers plastic surgery ban for minors
Beijing stalled on top of traffic jam list
Predators use Facebook to abduct Indonesian girls
Burden of proof?
Djokovic relishes latest chapter in friendly rivalry
Bid to control Web heads for showdown
Hurricane looms over sprint to US election
US officials back Japan alliance
别误会这些英文(七)
Voters finally cast their ballots in cliffhanger presidential race
Reports ready for congress
Elevator risk going up
Navy completes military exercise in the Pacific
Heat on ahead of schedule
Superstorm batters East Coast, killing 16
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