(江苏专用)2017届高考英语二轮复习课件：第三部分专题二 阅读理解 第2课时

　　7.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?

　　A.We fail to realize our inner dispositions.

　　B.We can be influenced by outside pressures.

　　C.Our behavior is the result of our true desires.

　　D.Our characters can shape our social relationships.

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。根据画线句子可知如果我们不重复利用的话，妻子和邻居会反对，可以推出我们会受外界压力的影响，故选B。]

　　8.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?

　　A.Personalities and attitudes.

　　B.Preferences and habits.

　　C.Behavior and personalities.

　　D.Attitudes and preferences.

　　答案　C　[主旨大意题。根据文章第一句话“It's generally believed that...and attitudes.”可知这是本文主题句，所以本文讨论了性格和行为的关系，故选C。]

　　第2课时　高瞻远瞩——锁定主旨大意类题目 ⊙怎么考 主旨大意类题目主要考查全文的主旨大意、段落的中心思想，作者的写作目的和文章标题。 常见的设问方式有： 1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that ________. 2.The passage is mainly about ________. 3.The best title/headline for this passage is ________. 4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is ________. 5.From the passage we can learn/conclude that ________. 6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with ________.

　　7.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 8.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? ⊙怎么学 在平时的阅读练习中，注意文章的体裁，把握作者的写作目的与思路，学会抓主题句、主题段，关注文章的首段、尾段、每段的首句和尾句等。另外，掌握略读与细读的基本技巧，学会积累、寻找关键词像the most important，finally等，像概括类词therefore，in a word等。

　　⊙怎么解 做此类题目时做到： 1.高瞻远瞩，不可以偏概全；不可以个人的思想代替作者的思想。 2.在了解全文大意的基础上，仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题有没有联系； 3.看选项内容对文章概括得是否正确； 4.要注意选项中所给出的题目范围是否过大或过小。要避免以下三种错误：概括不够，过度概括，以事实细节替代概括性强的大意。

　　5.找主题句的四个小窍门： ①段落中出现表转折的词语(如however，but，in fact，actually，while，on the contrary，in contrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。 ②首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。 ③作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 ④表示总结或结论的词或短语有therefore，thus，in short，conclude，in conclusion等。 【典例剖析1】 体裁：说明文　话题：房子与健康　词数：380　时间：8′ (2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ，B)Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.

　　Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less self­-conscious(难为情)when they're in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness. Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint，go blue.

　　Don't forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you're at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal. Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12­-inch plate instead of a 10-­inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.

　　【语篇解读】　这是一篇科普说明文。短文主要说明了人的食量与房子粉刷的颜色、灯光的明暗等有着密切的关系。它们对人的身材会产生一定的影响。 1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about________.

　　A.their home comforts

　　B.their body shape

　　C.house buying

　　D.healthy diets

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。短文主要说明了饮食与室内光线、墙壁的颜色、餐具的尺寸及进餐的速度等有着密切的关系。显然这对于那些注重体型的人是有所帮助的。故答案为B。]

　　2.A home environment in blue can help people________.

　　A.digest food better

　　B.reduce food intake

　　C.burn more calories

　　D.regain their appetites

　　答案　B　[事实细节题。根据第三段“...people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知，蓝色的用餐环境有助于减少食物摄入量。因此B项正确。]

　　3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?

　　A.Eat quickly.

　　B.Play fast music.

　　C.Use smaller spoons.

　　D.Turn down the lights.

　　答案　C　[事实细节题。由第四段第二句可知，进餐快的人比进餐慢的人每顿饭多消耗70卡路里的热量。由此可知A项错误。由第四段倒数第二句中的“turn on relaxing music”可知B项不对。而由第二段首句中的“turn up the lights”可知D项也是错误的。根据最后一段“when we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake jumps by 14 percent.”也可直接推知答案为C。]

　　4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

　　A.Is Your House Making You Fat?

　　B.Ways of Serving Dinner

　　C.Effects of Self­Consciousness

　　D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?

　　答案　A　[标题归纳题。短文首句即为主题句：房子可能影响住户的身材。接下来从房子的颜色、室内灯光等方面说明了对饮食的影响。用A项作标题，既能总括全文，又能吸引读者。]

　　【典例剖析2】 体裁：议论文　话题：社会生活　词数：266　时间：5′ (2017·重庆卷，E)It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment.They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.

　　It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情)，but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are，as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem，by observing our own behavior.We can be strangers to ourselves.If we knew our own minds，why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior？If our minds were an open book，we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes.Actually，we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.

　　Moreover，we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character－we infer characters that weren't there before.Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us，which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't.Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us.We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.

　　Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make，people become what they do，though it may not be in compliance (符合) with their true desires.Therefore，we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice：“We are what we pretend to be，so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.” 【语篇解读】　本文讲述了人的性格和态度决定人的行为。 5.According to the passage，personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to ________.

　　A.determine one's behavior

　　B.reflect one's taste

　　C.influence one's surroundings

　　D.result from one's habits

　　答案　A　[事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“It's generally believed that...and attitude.”可知性格和态度决定一个人的行为，故选A。]

　　6.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?

　　A.The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.

　　B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.

　　C.One recycles plastics to protect the environment.

　　D.One buys latte out of true love of coffee.

　　答案　A　[推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“It's undeniable that...about who we are.”可知拾金不昧表明人的诚实，故选A。]