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(江苏专用)2017届高考英语二轮复习课件:第二部分专题四 介词和介词短语

发布时间:2017-04-21  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  答案 1.On [特指某天或某天的上、下午或晚上。] 2.on [关于,至于。] 3.in [in detail为固定搭配,意为“详细地”。] 4.off [(表示位置)在……的外面;(表示方向)偏离,从……离开。] 5.for [就……而言;为……;赞成,支持。]

  6.against [倚靠着……,和……竞赛;反对;以……为背景。] 7.beyond [在……另一边,在……更远处;超出,非……所能及。] 8.with [和……一起;具有;用……,凭借……;关于……;随着……,由于,因为。] 9.out [out of control为固定搭配,意为“失去控制”。] 10.over [在……上方;高于,在……之上;在……期间。]

  Ⅲ.正反探究 1.【误】 Sometimes our opinions differ because what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed.

  【正】 Sometimes our opinions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed.

  解析 because 是连词,其后接句子;而 because of 是介词短语,其后接名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句等。

  2.【误】—How long have you been an actor?

  —In 1995,when I graduated from college.

  【正】—How long have you been an actor?

  —Since 1995,when I graduated from college.

  解析 结合问句的语境,只有 since 后接时间点与现在完成时(问句)呼应。

  3.【误】 In those days,we had no phones,so we had to keep in touch with writing often.

  【正】 In those days,we had no phones,so we had to keep in touch by writing often.

  解析 by 在这里表示方式,by writing 意为“通过写信”。

  4.【误】 —How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!

  —It's a challenge,I guess,for man against

  nature.

  【正】—How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!

  —It's a challenge,I guess,of man against

  nature.

  解析 答句中的 I guess 是插入语,因此所填介词与 challenge 连用,构成 a challenge of “…… 的挑战”。

  Ⅳ.考点确认 一、介词的分类及用法 about/around大约;after在……之后;at在……时刻 (时间点);before在……之前;between在……之间;by到……为止;during在……期间;for长达;from...to...从……到……;in在……之后(时间段);on在……时(某一天);shortly after在……之后不久;since自从……以来;until/till直到 1.at,in,on

  ①in:年月季节周,外加泛指早午晚。

  ②on:具体某天星期几,还有特定早午晚。

  ③at:午夜黄昏与黎明,具体时刻与周末。

  ④this,that,next,yesterday,tomorrow,最后还有last,one,介词省略已习惯。

  I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July.

  我记得我们计划7月份去云南旅游。

  2.in,after 易混词 用法及例句 in 意为“在(一段时间)之后”,常用于将来时。 We'll be back in three days. 我们三天后回来。 after 意为“在(某一具体时间点)之后”,after短语常和过去时态连用。 After seven it began to rain. 七点后,天开始下雨。 3.since,from,for 易混词 用法及例句 since “since+时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”,强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间,常与现在完成时或过去完成时连用。 My father had longed to play music since childhood,but his family was poor and couldn't afford lessons.我父亲从小就渴望演奏音乐,但是他家很穷,承担不起上课的费用。 from “from+时间点”一般表示从某一时间点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。 From then on she knew she would win. 从那一刻起她就知道她会赢。 for “for+一段时间”表示某行为或状态持续了多久,可与现在完成时、过去时或将来时连用。 This went on for about 20 minutes,until Mildred became tired of the game and left. 这个游戏持续了大约20分钟,直到米尔德丽德对这个游戏感到厌烦而离开。 4.across,through,past,along 易混词 用法及例句 across 指从一平面上“横穿”或“在……的对面”。 They ran straight across the road. 他们径直跑过了马路。 through 指从人群或物体内部“穿过”,也可指抽象意义的“通过”。 We made our way through the village to the farm. 我们穿过村庄来到了农场。 past 表示“从……旁边经过”,表示动态的动作发生在某人/某物旁边。 They drove past a supermarket. 他们驶过一家超市。 along 表示“沿着”线、道路等前行。 He walks along the river every day. 他每天沿着那条河散步。 5.in,on,to,off 易混词 用法及例句 in 表示在某范围内。 Changchun is in the northeast of China. 长春在中国的东北部。 on 指与什么毗邻、接壤。 Mongolia is on the north of China. 蒙古在中国的北部。 to 指在某范围之外(不属于该范围)。 Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国东部。 off 表示“(空间上)离,距”。 He lives in a house off the main road. 他住在离主路不远的一座房子里。 6.besides,except,except for与but的区别 易混词 用法及例句 besides 意为“除了……以外(还有)”,与in addition to同义。 People choose jobs for other reasons besides money. 人们择业时除了钱之外还会考虑其他原因。 except 意为“除了……以外(没有)”,可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语和从句。 The office is open every day except on Sundays. 办事处除了星期天每天都开门。 except for 意为“除了……”,用以补充说明或修正。 Except for a man walking his dog,the park was empty. 除了有个男人在遛狗,公园里空无一人。 but 相当于except;可接动词不定式(不定式前有实义动词do时,省略不定式中的to)。 There is nothing but trees for mile after mile. 绵延几英里,除了树木别无他物。 二、介词与某些词类的搭配 1.形容词与介词的固定搭配 形容词+at angry,mad,good,bad,clever,surprised,excited,disappointed等 形容词+of afraid,frightened,ashamed,aware,convinced,short,sick,tired,sure,certain,full,fond,proud,worthy等 形容词+with angry,connected,content,familiar,generous,gentle,patient,pleased,popular,satisfied,strict等 形容词+in weak,different,rich,interested,successful,absorbed,disappointed,experienced,confident等 形容词+to good,polite,kind,cruel,rude,close,similar,familiar等 形容词+for sorry,famous,fit,unfit,eager,anxious,hungry,responsible等 形容词+about sorry,anxious,careless,certain,curious,enthusiastic,particular,optimistic等 2.名词与介词的固定搭配 名词+to key,answer,visit,apology,introduction,attitude,monument,devotion等 名词+in interest,expert等 名词+on congratulations,effect等 The key to their success:20 tablet computers(平板电脑) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U.S. group called One Laptop Per Child. 他们成功的关键是:被称为“每个孩子一台笔记本电脑”的一个美国公益组织在2月份留给这个埃塞俄比亚村子的20台平板电脑。 3.动词与介词的固定搭配 动词+about speak,talk,think,worry等 动词+for answer,call,apply,beg,care,charge,hunt,hope,wish,long,search,seek等 ⊙怎么考 1.考查固定搭配中的介词;2.考查介词短语;3.语篇填空和短文改错中。 ⊙怎么学 在平时的学习中注意积累,体会常用介词与介词短语的用法,以及动词与介词的搭配。 ⊙怎么解 1.语境提示法;2.牢记介词的基本用法和特殊用法。

  Ⅰ.体验考向 1.(2017·重庆卷,10)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 ℃ ________ the average.

  A.below

  B.on

  C.at

  D.above

  答案 D [考查介词。句意:去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年,全球气温比平均温度高0.68 ℃。above 高于,在……之上,符合语境。]

  2.(2017·浙江卷,17)These comments came ________ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.

  A.in memory of

  B.in response to

  C.in touch with

  D.in possession of

  答案 B [考查介词短语辨析。句意:这些评论是对当地记者经常询问的具体问题的回应。in response to作为对……的回答,作为对……的反应,符合语境。in memory of为了纪念;in touch with与……有联系;in possession of拥有,持有。]

  3.(2017·湖北卷,30)This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you ________ that if you smoked here you would be fined.

  A.in advance

  B.in detail

  C.in total

  D.in general

  答案 A [本题考查“in+名词”型短语意义辨析。句意:这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想________提醒你,如果你在这里吸烟,你就会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知,说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实,所以选择in advance。in detail详细地;in total总共;in general一般来说。]

  4.(2017·陕西卷,12)The little pupil took his grandma________ the arm and walked her across the street.

  A.on

  B.by

  C.in

  D.at

  答案 B [句意:这个小学生挎着奶奶的胳膊,扶着她穿过了马路。“动词+sb+介词+the+人体部位”是习惯用法,根据身体的不同的部位变化介词,如:pat sb on the head,hit sb in the face等。]

  5.(2017·福建卷,32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to survive is to live ________ nature.

  A.in view of

  B.in need of

  C.in touch with

  D.in harmony with

  答案 D [考查介词短语辨析。句意:人类被认为是自然的一部分,同样,我们要生存下去的唯一方式,就是要与大自然和谐相处。in view of鉴于;in need of需要;in touch with和……联系;in harmonious with与……和谐。]

  6.(2017·安徽卷,32)They believe that there are transport developments________that will bring a lot of changes for the better.

  A.out of date

  B.out of order

  C.around the clock

  D.around the corner

  答案 D [考查介词短语辨析。句意:他们认为交通的发展近在眼前,那将会带来很多好的方面的变化。out of date过时的,过期的,废弃的;out of order发生故障,次序颠倒;around the clock日以继夜地,连续一整天;around the corner在拐角处,即将来临。]

  7.(2017·福建卷,22)A common memory they all have ________ their school days is the school uniform.

  A.of

  B.on

  C.to

  D.with

  答案 A [考查介词的用法。句意:他们对校园岁月的共同记忆就是校服。本句使用了have a memory of这一搭配,含义为“对……的记忆”。]

  8.(2017·江苏卷)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you.________the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.

  A.On account of

  B.In response to

  C.In view of

  D.With regard to

  答案 D [句意:我总是很高兴收到你的邮件,关于七月一日的聚会,我将乐意参加。本题考查介词短语辨析。A.因为,由于;B.对……作出回应;C.由于,考虑到;

  D.关于。]

  9.(2017·山东卷)The Smiths are praised________the way they bring up their children.

  A.from

  B.by

  C.at

  D.for

  答案 D [句意:史密斯夫妇因为他们培养孩子的方式而受到了赞扬。本题考查介词辨析。根据语境可知此处表达夫妇二人受赞扬的原因,应该用介词for。]

  10.(2017·安徽卷)If parents have children help with housework,the children will feel needed.________,they will learn to take care of themselves.

  A.On the contrary

  B.In a word

  C.That is to say

  D.What's more

  答案 D [考查短语辨析。句意:如果父母让孩子帮助做家务,孩子们会感觉自己被需要。而且他们还能学会照顾自己。what's more而且;on the contrary与此相反;in a word总之;that is to say也就是说。根据句意前后表示递进关系可知选D。]

  11.(2017·福建卷)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess,as her children are always________whenever she tries to.

  A.in the way

  B.on watch

  C.in sight

  D.on the line

  答案 A [考查介词短语辨析。句意:史密斯夫人发现很难把房间整理干净,因为无论何时她想试着整理时,孩子们总是妨碍她。in the way挡道,妨碍;on watch值班,监视;in sight看得见;on the line处于风险状态。]

  12.(2017·陕西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the company,and I am sure he will________.

  A.in particular

  B.in turn

  C.in charge

  D.in time

  答案 D [考查介词短语辨析。句意:经理想看看公司的变化,我相信他迟早会看到的。in particular尤其,特别;in turn依次,轮流;in charge负责,掌管;in time及时,迟早,最终。根据句意,应选D。]

  13.(2017·福建卷)Nothing is so easy as________parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.

  A.of

  B.to

  C.by

  D.for

  答案 D [句意:父母最容易对自己的孩子产生很高的期望值。本题用了not so...as结构,as后为不定式的复合结构,即for+名词+to do sth。]

  14.(2017·辽宁卷)The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place________the main road at the far end of the lake.

  A.to

  B.for

  C.off

  D.out

  答案 C [句意:Well Hotel坐落在湖泊那头一个安静的地方,远离主路。考查介词辨析。off距,离,到(远至某处),离开。又如:The town is still five miles off.那小城尚在五英里以外。]

  15.(2017·北京卷)Do you think this shirt is too tight________the shoulders?

  A.at

  B.on

  C.to

  D.across

  答案 D [句意:你觉得这件衬衫肩膀的位置太紧了吗?本题考查介词的基本用法。across the shoulders指肩宽,两肩的距离,故选择D项。]

  Ⅱ.语境感悟 完成下列短文,然后朗读或背诵,体会介词的用法。 __1__ Friday morning,we had a discussion __2__ how to settle the problem.Our manager described the problem __3__ detail and suggested that we should build the factory __4__ the coast so that it can be prevented from polluting the coastline.Some were __5__ it,saying it was a good way.But others were __6__ it.They thought it might be __7__ their power to finish the hard task __8__ so little money.Thus,the discussion was __9__ of control.At noon,the manager said we could still talk about it __10__ the lunch.

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