(江苏专用)2017届高考英语二轮复习课件：第二部分专题十二 特殊句式和其他

　　答案 1.has　[主谓一致。every...and every...的谓语用单数第三人称。] 2.if not tired　[省略。＝if she was not tired。] 3.Try as　[as引导的让步状语从句，应采取倒装结构。] 4.did hope　[强调句式。do，does，did＋谓语动词原形。] 5.crying　[省略。＝she was crying。]

　　6.came voices　[倒装。表示时间、地点或方位的副词放在句首，且主语是名词时，全部倒装。] 7.in ran　[同第6题。] 8.did she realize　[倒装。only修饰副词、介词短语或状语时，应部分倒装。] 9.that/who　[强调句。it was...that/who(人)。] 10.What an unforgettable birthday　[感叹句。what＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n.＋主语＋谓语！]

　　Ⅲ.正反探究 1.【误】 If you have a job，don't devote yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.

　　【正】 If you have a job，do devote yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.

　　解析　本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型；do是对谓语动词devote的强调。

　　2.【误】 Not only can he repair bikes but can he repair televisions.

　　【正】 Not only can he repair bikes but he

　　can

　　repair televisions.

　　解析　not only...but (also )...的部分倒装，其结构为：not only ＋ 倒装语序，but also ＋ 陈述语序。此外，当 not only...but also...位于句首连接两个并列的主语时，主谓也不倒装。如：Not only she but also I will get married next year.

　　3.【误】Apples of this kind tastes good and sell well.

　　【正】Apples of this kind taste good and sell well.

　　解析　由a kind of，kinds of，an amount of，amounts of，a quantity of，quantities of跟名词或“名词＋ of this kind”等作主语时，谓语动词与of之前的名词保持一致。 4.【误】 A child as / though he is，he is very brave.

　　【正】 Child as / though he is，he is very brave.

　　解析　由 as /though 引导的表示“虽然，尽管”的让步状语从句用倒装语序，把从句的表语或状语等放在 as / though 的前面，但是如果从句中的表语是名词，该名词前不加任何冠词。

　　5.【误】—Are you and Jane getting married?

　　—We hope.

　　【正】—Are you and Jane getting married?

　　—We hope to.

　　解析　动词不定式在 like，love，care，want，hope，expect，prefer，refuse，decide，mean，intend，try，promise 等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式后的内容，但是要保留不定式符号 to。

　　Ⅳ.考点确认 一、强调句 1.强调句型

　　强调句型由“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”构成，可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语；被强调部分是指人的名词或代词时用who和that均可，其他情况一律用that。

　　(1)强调句的一般疑问句式

　　Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...?

　　Was it yesterday that you met your old friend in the supermarket?

　　(2)强调句的特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that/who...? Why was it that you didn't attend the meeting? What was it that made her so upset? (3)对not...until...进行强调 It is/was＋not until...＋that... It was not until I failed in the exams that I realized I had not studied hard. 2.使用助动词do(does，did)强调

　　强调句子谓语动词时，将助动词do(does，did)置于动词原形之前，用来加强语气。

　　①Do be careful！一定要细心！

　　②He does enjoy drawing.他确实喜欢画画。

　　二、倒装句 1.部分倒装

　　部分倒装指的是只将be动词、助动词和情态动词提到主语前面。

　　(1)表示否定意义的词或短语置于句首时句子用部分倒装。

　　常见的这类词或短语有not，never，hardly，seldom，rarely，by no means，in no way，in no case，at no time等。

　　Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.

　　At no time should you touch it or get it hurt.

　　(2)not only...but (also)...连接两个分句，not only...置于句首时，前一个分句用部分倒装。 Not only do I enjoy less spare time，but I find myself even busier than before. (3)在no sooner...than...，hardly(scarcely)...when...结构中，no sooner/hardly(scarcely)置于句首时，主句部分用部分倒装，且用过去完成时，than/when后的句子用一般过去时。 Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him. No sooner had she seen him than she smiled. (4)在not...until...结构中，当not until...置于句首时，主句/句子用部分倒装。 Not until then did he know he lost his way. Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. (5)only强调状语置于句首时，主句/句子用部分倒装。 Only in this way can we learn English well. Only when he returned did we find out the truth. (6)so，neither，nor置于句首表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时。 We saw the film last week.So did they. I have never been abroad.Neither has he. (7)在so/such...that...句型中，so/such...置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So moved was she that she could not say a word. Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. (8)虚拟条件句中如果有were/had/should，省略连词if时，were/had/should要提到主语之前，构成部分倒装。 Were they here now，they could help us. Had you come earlier，you would have met him. (9)neither...nor...连接并列的句子，前后两个分句都要倒装。 Neither do I know what has happened，nor do I care about it. 2.完全倒装

　　完全倒装指的是将谓语部分全部放在主语前面。

　　(1)表示地点、方位的词(短语)，或there，here，now，then等置于句首，且主语是名词时用完全倒装结构。

　　Down came the rain.

　　Here comes the train to Beijing.

　　In the deep forest lies a lake，with a variety of fishes in it.

　　On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple.

　　(2)主系表结构中的表语置于句首时。 Present at the meeting were Professor Zhang and many other guests. (3)直接引语的一部分位于句首时。 “Exactly，”said my father，shaking the old man's hand. 三、主谓一致的常见用法 1.“主语＋with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/but/except＋名词”，谓语动词的形式与主语一致。

　　A gift together with many flowers was sent to me on Teachers' Day by my students.

　　The father as well as his children goes skating on the frozen river every Sunday morning in winter.

　　2.由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...，or，nor连接的并列成分作主语，以及there be句式中，谓语动词的形式与最靠近的主语一致。

　　Either you or I was wrong in this matter.

　　Not only the teacher but also his students have been invited to the meeting. 3.被every，each，many a，more than one等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Every boy and (every) girl has adapted to the new teacher.

　　Many a student in this school is from the country.

　　4.class，family，crew，team，group，crowd，government等集体名词作主语时，若侧重整体，谓语动词常用单数；若侧重成员，谓语动词用复数。

　　The football team is made up of 22 members.

　　The football team are taking their training course on the playground. 5.从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

　　When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.

　　Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes.

　　注意：主语是what引导的从句，谓语动词的形式根据主语从句表示的意义而定。例如：What we want is money./What we want are skilled workers. 6.定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式与先行词保持一致。

　　Mr Smith，who is now downstairs，is asking to see you.

　　The Smiths，who are now downstairs，are asking to see you.

　　⊙怎么考 此专题是语法填空及短文改错的冷考点，侧重考查倒装、强调及主谓一致。 ⊙怎么学 在平时的阅读练习中，注意体会倒装句、强调句、省略句的用法。 ⊙怎么解 1.掌握基本句型，以不变应万变；2.拓宽思维，注意变式与特殊形式；3.辨别考查的综合性和情景性。

　　Ⅰ.体验考向 1.(2017·湖南卷，31)Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.

　　A.to keep

　　B.to have kept

　　C.keep

　　D.have kept

　　答案　C　[考查祈使句。句意：一直要记住：你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，故用keep。keep in mind记住，是固定搭配。]

　　2.(2017·天津卷，3)Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.

　　A.she realized

　　B.has she realized

　　C.she has realized

　　D.did she realize

　　答案　D　[考查倒装及时态。句意：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only＋状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语when Lily walked into the office可知要用一般过去时。故答案为D。]

　　3.(2017·湖南卷，23)Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.

　　A.I did discover

　　B.did I discover

　　C.I discovered

　　D.discovered I

　　答案　B　[考查部分倒装。句意：直到跟两个学生谈了话以后我才发现，有强烈的动机是达到目标的最重要的因素之一。only修饰after引导的时间状语，且位于句首，故句子需用部分倒装语序。]

　　4.(2017·湖南卷，21)It was when we were returning home ________I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.

　　A.which

　　B.that

　　C.where

　　D.how

　　答案　B　[考查强调句型。句意：正是在我们快要回到家的时候，我才意识到帮助有困难的人感觉多么美妙！强调句型的基本结构为It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。如果强调人，that还可以改为who，但是强调时间或者地点时只能使用that。]

　　5.(2017·重庆卷，9)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.

　　A.while

　　B.though

　　C.that

　　D.after

　　答案　C　[考查强调句。句意：巴赫于1750年去世，但是他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才完全被认可。本句是一个强调句型，其基本结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他，本句被强调部分是not until the early 19th century，故选C。]

　　6.(2017·福建卷，28)The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，________，reaching 30 ℃ in summer.

　　A.if not

　　B.if ever

　　C.if any

　　D.if so

　　答案　B　[考查状语从句的省略。句意：这儿气候宜人，如果曾经有过(高温)的话，夏天温度也很少达到30摄氏度。if ever意为“如果曾经有过或即使有过的话”，其作用是缓和语气。if not如果不是这样的话；if any如果有一些的话；if so如果是这样的话。]

　　7.(2017·湖南卷，21)Children，when________by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.

　　A.to be accompanied

　　B.to accompany

　　C.accompanying

　　D.accompanied

　　答案　D　[考查状语从句的省略形式。句意：有家长陪伴时，孩子们才被允许进入体育场。在状语从句中，当主句主语与从句主语一致，且谓语动词含有be或be的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和be。设空处的完整形式为when they are accompanied by...，省略了they are。]

　　8.(2017·湖南卷，29)Only when you can find peace in your heart________good relationships with others.

　　A.will you keep

　　B.you will keep

　　C.you kept

　　D.did you keep

　　答案　A　[考查倒装。句意：只有当你在内心中找到和平，你才能与他人建立起良好的关系。题干为only＋状语(从句)位于句首所引起的倒装，主句应用部分倒装结构，且根据语境，此处表将来的情况，故应用将来时态。]

　　9.(2017·陕西卷，17)No sooner________stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.

　　A.had Mo Yan

　　B.Mo Yan had

　　C.has Mo Yan

　　D.Mo Yan has

　　答案　A　[考查倒装。句意：莫言一登上舞台，观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner...than...一……就……，no sooner所在的句子用过去完成时，位于句首时要把had提前构成部分倒装。]

　　10.(2017·大纲版全国卷，26)________the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.

　　A.Not do only

　　B.Do not only

　　C.Only not do

　　D.Not only do

　　答案　D　[考查倒装结构。句意：护士们不仅想涨工资，而且还想减少工作时间。根据句意和句子结构可知，逗号前面是not only位于句首构成的倒装句。not only位于句首引导句子时，用部分倒装，即把助动词放在主语前面。]

　　11.(2017·重庆卷，10)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.

　　—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________you?

　　A.mustn't

　　B.haven't

　　C.didn't

　　D.hadn't

　　答案　C　[考查反意疑问句。句意：——去年夏天我在伦敦度过了两周。——那你待在伦敦期间一定参观了大英博物馆，是吗？对已发生的过去情况进行推测，若陈述句谓语部分有must have done，而且有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用didn't。]

　　12.(2017·湖南卷，32)All we need________a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

　　A.are

　　B.was

　　C.is

　　D.were

　　答案　C　[考查主谓一致。句意：所有我们需要的就是我们在一年中生长的季节能种植各种各样的果树的一小块土地。句子的主干为All we need________a small piece of land，其中we need是定语从句，all在此指的是a small piece of land，且根据语境知为现在时态，故谓语动词应用is。]

　　13.(2017·四川卷，3)Was it because Jack came late for school________Mr.Smith got angry?

　　A.why

　　B.who

　　C.where

　　D.that

　　答案　D　[考查强调句型。句意：史密斯先生很生气是因为杰克上学迟到吗？强调句型it's...that...，这里是强调句型的疑问句形式，验证的方式是去掉Was it...that...后，because Jack came late for school Mr.Smith got angry，句子意义完整。]

　　14.(2017·北京卷，24)________carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.

　　A.Observe

　　B.To observe

　　C.Observed

　　D.Observing

　　答案　A　[考查祈使句。句意：在实验室做实验时要仔细观察是否有变化发生。由句意可知这是一个祈使句，因此选择动词原形。]

　　15.(2017·大纲版全国卷，33)________me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.

　　A.Calling

　　B.Call

　　C.To call

　　D.Having called

　　答案　B　[考查固定句式。句意：明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果。此处是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。故选B。]

　　Ⅱ.语境感悟 根据提示，完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵短文，体会特殊句式的用法。 Every man and every woman here __1__ (have) a good reason to be proud of the work done by Mrs.Green.Every day after she went home，__2__ (如果不累) from work，she always helped in the kitchen.But today it seemed different.She was shut in.__3__ (尽管努力) she might，she didn't open the door.She __4__ (的确希望) that someone could help her.She shouted for help as if __5__ (cry).For a moment nothing happened.Then __6__ (声音传来) all singing together.The door was opened，__7__ (跑进来) his son.After that，she saw a big birthday cake on the table.Only then __8__ (她意识到) that it was her families __9__ shut the door on purpose in order to give her a surprising birthday party.__10__ (多么令人难忘的生日) it was!