(江苏专用)2017届高考英语二轮复习课件：第二部分专题六 情态动词和虚拟语气

　　“__8__ I put you down for ten to four，or __9__ you rather come tomorrow？” Miss Fang thought she __10__ (not)

　　waste any more time.The teacher __11__ be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early，as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied，“I think I __12__ make it at ten to four.”Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“__13__ I leave at 3：45 today？I __14__ have an eye examination.” As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you __15__.” 答案 1.couldn't　[can表“能力，能够”，另外；cannot...too/enough表示“再……也不过分”，“越……越好”。] 2.should　[“应当”，表示义务、职责、建议等。] 3.should　[同2题解析。] 4.might　[此处表示推测，意为“或许”。] 5.could　[此处表示推测，意为“可能”。]

　　6.would　[此处表示“意志，意愿”。另外：would也可以表示过去的习惯性动作。] 7.might　[同4题解析。] 8.Shall　[同于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。]

　　9.would　[would rather“宁可，宁愿”。] 10.shouldn't　[同2题解析。] 11.shouldn't　[此处表示推测。“不可能，不应该”。] 12.can　[表示“能力，能够”。] 13.May/Could　[表示请求。] 14.must　[“务必，一定”。另外，must也可表示固执，意义为“偏偏，一定要……”。] 15.can　[表示许可。]

　　Ⅲ.正反探究 1.【误】 The streets are all dry；it mustn't have rained last night.

　　【正】 The streets are all dry；it can't have rained last night.

　　解析　对某一事实的否定推测不能用mustn't，而要用 can't 或 couldn't 表示“不可能”。 2.【误】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday.She might be ill，I guess.

　　【正】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday.She might have been ill，I guess.

　　解析　猜测的事情发生在昨天，因此要用“情态动词 ＋ have done”的形式。当动词是 be

　　时，很容易忽略它的时态意义，要特别留意。

　　3.【误】

　　The fire spread through the hotel quickly，but everyone could get out.

　　【正】

　　The fire spread through the hotel quickly，but everyone was able to get out.

　　解析　表示成功地做到了某事，肯定句中通常用was able to do sth。 4.【误】 Will I open the window for you?

　　【正】 Shall I open the window for you?

　　解析　shall 与第一、第三人称连用，表示征求意见或请求指示，这时不可用will。will通常与第二人称连用，即 Will you...?

　　5.【误】 Hadn't they saved us，we would have been drowned in the stormy river.

　　【正】 Had they not saved us，we would have been drowned in the stormy river.

　　【正】 If they had not saved us，we would have been drowned in the stormy river.

　　解析　当条件句中含有 were，had，should 等时，可省略if，从而把 were，had ，should 提到主语之前。若条件句为否定句，则只把were，had，should 提前，not 仍放在主语之后。

　　Ⅳ.考点确认 1.常用情态动词的用法 情态动词 用法 can/could 表示能力 can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力 表示请求 could不表示过去，只表示委婉、客气的语气，但回答时必须用can 表示可 能性 一般用在否定句及疑问句中，could也可用于肯定句 may/might 表示请求、允许 might不表示过去，仅表示语气更加委婉客气 表示可能性 表示把握性不大的推测，不用于疑问句中；might表示的可能性比may更小 表示祝愿 may可以用来表示祝愿，但句子要用部分倒装 固定用法 may/might as well do sth“不妨做某事；还是做某事为好” will/would 用于第二人称作主语的疑问句表示请求 表示意志、决心或愿望 表示客观上的习惯，will表示现在，would表示过去 表示推测或猜想 表示按规律“注定会” shall 用在第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或请示 用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示说话者命令、警告、许诺等的语气 用在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示法律条文等的规定，意为“必须” should 表示义务、责任、劝告或建议，意为“应该”，与ought to基本相同；should表示主观，ought to表示客观 表示预测，意为“应该会；按理说；想必会” 表示意外、惊讶、纳闷等感情色彩，意为“竟会；到底” 2.need，dare

　　need意为“需要”，dare意为“敢”，二者都既可作情态动词也可作实义动词，一般在疑问句和否定句中作情态动词用，在肯定句中作实义动词用。

　　①—Need he go yesterday?

　　—No，he needn't.

　　②She dare not go out alone at night.

　　3.“情态动词＋have done”的用法

　　(1)“情态动词＋have done”表示推测

　　情态动词有can，could，may，might，must，其后跟have done，表示对已经发生或完成的情况的推测。can仅用在否定句及疑问句中；must仅用在肯定句中；may/might不用于疑问句中。

　　①There is nowhere to find them.Where can they have gone? You can't have seen her in her office last Friday；she's been out of town for two weeks. ②He is upset.He must have been punished. ③Tom may have passed the driving test，but I am not sure about it. ④He might not have gone out because the light's on. (2)“情态动词＋have done”表示虚拟语气 情态动词could，might，should，need(只用否定形式)等后接have done表示与事实相反的情况，一般意为“本……(事实却不这样)”。 ①Considering his ability，he could have done it better. ②He might have given you more help，even though he was busy. ③You should have told me earlier. I'm sorry，I shouldn't have been so rude to you. ④He needn't have gone to the station yesterday. 4.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法

　　(1)基本用法

　　情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/ might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had done should/would/could/ might＋have done 与将来事实相反 过去式、 should＋动词原形、 were to＋动词原形 should/would/could/ might＋动词原形 ①If I were you，I would do it another way. If I saw her now，I would be very happy. ②If he had taken my advice，he should have succeeded in the competition. ③If he should come here tomorrow，I should/would talk to him. If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be put off. (2)含蓄虚拟语气 有时非真实条件不是通过if引导的条件来表现的，而是通过一些词或短语来表示，如without，but for，otherwise，but等。 ①I couldn't have finished the work on time without your help. ②But for your timely warning，we would have got into great trouble. (3)非真实条件句省略if的用法 如果非真实条件句中有had，were，should，就将had，were，should提前形成部分倒装，条件句中的if可以省略。 ①Had he taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake. ②Should it be sunny tomorrow，we would go hiking. ③Were there no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth. (4)在“suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，require，insist，desire，urge，recommend”等动词的宾语从句以及would rather后，要用“(should＋)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。 ⊙怎么考 在语篇中考查：1.情态动词的基本用法(情感、态度和推测)；2.某些情态动词的“偏义”用法，如：shall，must，won't等；3.虚拟语气的考查。 ⊙怎么学 在平时的阅读与学习中，注意情态动词的基本用法，掌握虚拟语气的句型公式。 ⊙怎么解 细心体会上下语境，把握作者或语篇中人物的情感态度，然后确定情态动词的选择。

　　Ⅰ.体验考向 1.(2017·北京卷，29)—Can't you stay a little longer?

　　—It's getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is home alone.

　　A.may

　　B.can

　　C.must

　　D.dare

　　答案　C　[考查情态动词。句意：——你不能再多待一会儿吗？——天要黑了。我现在真的必须走了。我的女儿一个人在家里呢。may可以，可能；can 能够，可以；must必须；dare 敢，敢于。故选C。]

　　2.(2017·重庆卷，7)Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway ________ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.

　　A.didn't write

　　B.hadn't written

　　C.wouldn't write

　　D.wouldn't have written

　　答案　D　[考查虚拟语气。句意：要是没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气，由语境知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句部分用would/could/should/might＋have done，故D项正确。]

　　3.(2017·重庆卷，12)You ________ be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.

　　A.must

　　B.can

　　C.will

　　D.shall

　　答案　A　[考查情态动词。句意：你一定是卡萝尔，这些年以来你一点都没变。依据第二句可知，此处应用must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。]

　　4.(2017·陕西卷，21)You ________ feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.

　　A.should

　　B.need

　　C.shall

　　D.may

　　答案　D　[考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：你可能觉得所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百确定，你以后会为你这么做了而心存感激的。should表示推测时指“按常理应该……”；need意为“需要”，常用于否定句或疑问句中；shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示允诺、警告、威胁等语气；may表示推测时指“可能，或许”。由句意可知，此处表示语气不强烈的推测，故用may。]

　　5.(2017·天津卷，13)I wish I ________ at my sister's wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.

　　A.will be

　　B.would be

　　C.have been

　　D.had been

　　答案　D　[考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该多好啊，但是当时我在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气；由I was on a business trip...可知是对过去发生过的事情的虚拟，故要用过去完成时。]

　　6.(2017·湖南卷，25)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.

　　—Do you mean we________bring anything with us?

　　A.can't

　　B.mustn't

　　C.shan't

　　D.needn't

　　答案　D　[考查情态动词。句意：——我已为野餐准备了各种食物。——你的意思是说我们不用带任何食物了吗？needn't不必，不需要，符合语境。]

　　7.(2017·江西卷，30)Life is unpredictable；even the poorest________become the richest.

　　A.shall

　　B.must

　　C.need

　　D.might

　　答案　D　[考查情态动词。句意：生活是不可预知的，即使是最贫穷的人也有可能变成最富有的人。might或许、可能，表示不确定的推测。shall应该，应当；must必须，一定；need需要。]

　　8.(2017·江苏卷，31)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________bring me food.

　　A.might

　　B.would

　　C.should

　　D.could

　　答案　C　[考查情态动词。句意：让我觉得难为情的是他们本身就很穷，竟然还给我带来食物。should表示惊讶，意为“竟然”，符合句意；might表示“可能，大概”；would表示意愿或者过去常常；could“能够”。]

　　9.(2017·陕西卷，25)My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who________have taken it?

　　A.need

　　B.must

　　C.should

　　D.could

　　答案　D　[考查情态动词。句意：我的书《哈迪斯之屋》不见了，谁有可能拿走了呢？need需要；must必须，表猜测时翻译为“一定”，只能用于肯定句中；should应该；could表示推测时，常用于否定句或疑问句中，翻译为“有可能”。故选D。]

　　10.(2017·四川卷，6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother________take me to Disneyland at weekends.

　　A.might

　　B.must

　　C.would

　　D.should

　　答案　C　[考查情态动词。句意：我仍然记得我的快乐童年，那时母亲在周末常常带我去迪斯尼乐园。根据at weekends可知是过去经常性的行为，would表示“过去常常”。]

　　11.(2017·北京卷，27)________I have a word with you? It won't take long.

　　A.Can

　　B.Must

　　C.Shall

　　D.Should

　　答案　A　[考查情态动词。句意：我能和你说句话吗？不会花费太长时间。此处can相当于may，在疑问句中表示征求对方的同意。]

　　12.(2017·福建卷，32)________no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.

　　A.Were there

　　B.Had there been

　　C.If there are

　　D.If there have been

　　答案　A　[考查虚拟语气。句意：要是没有现代化的电信，我们不得不等好几个星期才能得到世界各地的消息。此处是省略if，将were提前的虚拟条件句，补充完整是：If there were no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait...，根据句意可知所述情况是与现在事实相反的假设，从句用一般过去时，系动词为were。]

　　13.(2017·浙江卷，16)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they________to our help.

　　A.would have come

　　B.could come

　　C.have come

　　D.had come

　　答案　A　[考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在进行调查研究的几个月期间他们在国外，要不然他们就来帮助我们了。根据句中的谓语动词were abroad可知描述的是过去的事情，对过去的假设主句部分用would/could/should/might ＋have done，故A项正确。]

　　14.(2017·陕西卷，23)We would rather our daughter________at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.

　　A.would stay

　　B.has stayed

　　C.stayed

　　D.stay

　　答案　C　[考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿女儿跟我们待在家里，但是那是她的选择，她已经不再是个孩子了。would rather后跟句子要用虚拟语气，如果是与现在或者将来的事实相反，用would rather sb did；如果与过去的事实相反，用would rather sb had done。根据句意可推知是将来的情况，故选C。]

　　15.(2017·北京卷，34)We________back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.

　　A.are

　　B.were

　　C.will be

　　D.would be

　　答案　D　[考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你没有丢掉地图我们现在已经回到旅馆了。由句意可知地图丢了，我们现在也没有在旅馆，因此前半句是和现在事实相反的虚拟语气，用would＋动词原形。]

　　Ⅱ.语境感悟 完成下面短文，然后朗读或背诵，体会情态动词的用法。 Miss Fang __1__ (not)

　　read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother told her that she __2__ go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You __3__ see a doctor as soon as possible，” she said.“You __4__ need glasses.” When Miss Fang had free time，she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor __5__ see her at 3：30. Miss Fang replied that she __6__ not be able to be there at

　　3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor __7__ take you at about ten to four，” the appointment clerk suggested.