(江苏专用)2017届高考英语二轮专题复习练习：第三部分专题二 阅读理解 第1课时

　　题组一　体验真题

　　Passage

　　1

　　体裁：应用文　话题：语言学习　词数：289　时间：6′

　　(2017·安徽卷，A)Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning.

　　Electronic Village Program (Thursday，June 18，2017)

　　Nearpod

　　9：00 am to 10：00 am

　　Room 501

　　Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context (语境) for students to learn vocabulary. The presenter will show how to use it. TEO

　　2：00 pm to 3：00 pm

　　Room 502

　　Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on­line. The presenter will use examples from his first on­line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on­line with TEO.

　　Kahoot

　　10：30 am to 11：30 am

　　Room 601

　　Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network. It can provide students with instant feedback (反馈), including reports about their strengths and weaknesses. Prezi

　　3：30 pm to 4：20 pm

　　Room 602

　　Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students' attention to speaking more fluently. The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics，including introducing family，friends，and hobbies.

　　【语　该篇文章是一篇广告。主要介绍了探索语言教学和学习的新方法。电子村提供了四种形式： Nearpod、Kahoot、TEO、Prezi供大家选择。

　　1．Nearpod can be used to________．

　　A．offer grammar tests

　　B．teach listening on­line

　　C．help vocabulary learning

　　D．gain fluency in speaking

　　答案　C　[考查细节理解。由learn vocabulary可知。]

　　2．If you want to improve your speaking skills，you can go to________．

　　A．Room 501

　　B．Room 502

　　C．Room 601 D．Room 602

　　答案　D　[考查细节理解。由draw students' attention to speaking more fluently可知。]

　　3．Which of the following can assess your grammar learning?

　　A．Nearpod.

　　B．Kahoot.

　　C．TEO.

　　D．Prezi.

　　答案　B　[考查细节理解。由grammar tests可知。]

　　4．A teacher who wants to learn on­line teaching is expected to arrive by________．

　　A．9：00 am

　　B．10：30 am

　　C．2：00 pm

　　D．3：30 pm

　　答案　C　[考查细节理解。由begin teaching on­line with TEO可知，TEO的嘉宾将使用例子来解释如何进行网络教学，时间是下午两点到三点。]

　　Passage

　　2

　　体裁：科普文　话题：太空探索　词数：390　时间：7′

　　(2017·湖北卷，D)The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.

　　First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arm out，they float free in zero gravity，often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾) dancer.“I'm an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says，who returned from a six­month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”

　　On the station，the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity，it's just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air，the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon­dioxide headache.

　　Leroy Chiao，54，an American retired astronaut after four flights，describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you're falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight.That can be annoying—that's why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some—astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear，and space sickness disappears.

　　Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance，astronauts lose bone mass.That's why exercise is considered so vital that National

　　Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home，and，more importantly，how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round­trip to Mars.

　　【语篇解读】　在太空中生活常常有奇奇怪怪的事情。睡姿、自行车无座无把、二氧化碳头疼等。

　　5．What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?

　　A．Deciding on a proper sleep position.

　　B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.

　　C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.

　　D．Finding a right time to go to sleep.

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，在睡觉时到底把手放在睡袋里还是睡袋外，即确定睡姿，选A。]

　　6．The astronauts will suffer from a carbon­dioxide headache when ________．

　　A．they circle around on their bikes

　　B．they use microcomputers without a stop

　　C．they exercise in one place for a long time

　　D．they watch a movie while pedaling

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。第三段第五句staying in one place too long可知，如果在同一个地方待太长时间，呼出二氧化碳，趋向在头上形成隐形的云，从而引起二氧化碳性头疼。可知选C。]

　　7．Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ________．

　　A．their senses stop working

　　B．they have to stand up straight

　　C．they float out of their seats unexpectedly

　　D．their brains receive contradictory messages

　　答D　[细节理解题。由第四段可知，内耳认为你要倒下，而眼睛告诉你在直立。即：大脑接收到了恰恰相反的信息。选D。]

　　8．One of NASA's major concerns about astronauts is ______．

　　A．how much exercise they do on the station

　　B．how they can remain healthy for long in space

　　C．whether they can recover after returning home

　　D．whether they are able to go back to the station

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。由第五段提示词more importantly可知，人们主要关心的是在飞往火星来回两年半或更多时间如何保存体力和保持健康。因此选B。]

　　Passage

　　3

　　体裁：说明文　话题：文化传承　词数：320　时间：6′

　　(2017·新课标全国卷，D)As more and more people speak the global languages of English，Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact，half of the 6，000～7，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century，according to the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)．

　　In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.

　　Mark Turin，a scientist at the Macmillan Center，Yale University，who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas，is following in that__tradition．His recently published book，A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture，grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in Nepal.

　　Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India，Nepal，Bhutan，and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.

　　At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs，films，tape recordings，and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.

　　Now，through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet，Turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.

　　【语篇解读】　本文叙述了学者们正

　　9．Many scholars are making efforts to ________．

　　A．promote global languages

　　B．rescue disappearing languages

　　C．search for language communities

　　D．set up language research organizations

　　答案　B　[事实细节In an effort to prevent...they reflect.”可知学者们正在努力挽救濒临消失的语言。]

　　10．What does“that tradition”in Paragraph 3 refer to?

　　A．Having full records of the languages.

　　B．Writing books on language teaching.

　　C．Telling stories about language users.

　　D．Living with the native speakers.

　　答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“But he is not content...without record.”可知“that tradition”是指Turin记录语言。故选A。]

　　11．What is Turin's book based on?

　　A．The cultural studies in India.

　　B．The documents available at Yale.

　　C．His language research in Bhutan.

　　D．His personal experience in Nepal.

　　答案　D　[事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“...grows out of his experience living，looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.”可知Turin的书以其在尼泊尔的个人经历为基础。故D。]

　　12．Which of the following best describes Turin's

　　work?

　　A．Write，sell and donate.

　　B．Record，repair and reward.

　　C．Collect，protect and reconnect.

　　D．Design，experiment and report.

　　答案　C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Generations of communities from whom...collected”和“Turin notes the endangered languages...speech communities.”可知，Turin的工作是“收集，保护和使再接合”，故选C。]

　　Passage

　　4

　　体裁：应用文　话题：地铁指南　词数：262　时间：5′

　　(2017·新课标全国卷，D)

　　Metro Pocket Guide

　　Metrorail(地铁)

　　Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.

　　Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $ 5 in change.

　　Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations.Use it after 9：30 a．m.until closing on weekdays，and all day on weekends and holidays.

　　Hours__of__service

　　Open：5 a．m Mon.－Fri.7 a．m.Sat.－Sun.

　　Close：midnight Sun.－Thurs.　3 a．m.Fri.－Sat.nights

　　Last train times vary.To avoid(避免)missing the last train，please check the last train times posted in stations.

　　Metrobus

　　When paying with exact change，the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTrip® card，the fare is $1.25.

　　Fares__for__senior__/disabled__customers

　　Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On Metrorail and Metrobus，use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip® card.For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards，SmarTrip® card and passes，please visit MetroOpens Doors.com or call 202－637－7000 and 202－637－8000.

　　Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202－962－1100.

　　Travel__tips(提示)

　　·Avoid riding during weekday rush periods—before 9：30 a．m.and between 4 and 6 p．m.

　　·If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station，please call Lost & Found at 202－962－1195.

　　【语篇解读】　本文题目为地铁袖珍指南。文中详细介绍了一些地铁站的信息。

　　13．What should you know about farecard machines?

　　A．They start selling tickets at 9：30 a．m.

　　B．They are connected to change machines.

　　C．They offer special service to the elderly.

　　D．They make change for no more than $5.

　　答案　D　[事实细节题。根据文章第二段“There are no change machines...up to $5 in change”可知D项正确。]

　　14．At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?

　　A．At midnight

　　B．At 3 a．m.

　　C．At 5 a．m.

　　D．At 7 p．m.

　　答案　B　[事实细节题。根据“Hours of service”中的信息“Close：midnight Sun—Thurs；3a.m.Fri－Sat.nights”可知周六凌晨三点地铁停止服务，故B项正确。]

　　15．What is good about a SmarTrip

　　card?

　　A．It is convenient for old people.

　　B．It saves money for its users.

　　C．It can be bought at any time.

　　D．It is sold on the Internet.

　　答案　B　[事实细节题。根据“Metrobus”中“When paying with exact...the fare is $1.25”可知使用Smar Trip®

　　card可以节省钱。故B项正确。]

　　16．Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?

　　A．202－962－1195

　　B．202－962－1100

　　C．202－637－7000

　　D．202－637－8000

　　答案　A　[事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“If you lose something...please call...”可知A项正确。]

　　Passage

　　5

　　体裁：记叙文　话题：语言学习　词数：271　时间：5′

　　(2017·山东卷，E)The kids in this village wear dirty，ragged clothes.They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud.They have no school.Yet they all can chant the English alphabet，and some can make words.

　　The key to their success：20 tablet computers(平板电脑) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U．S.group called One Laptop Per Child.

　　The goal is to find out whether kids using today's new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist.The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they're already amazed.“What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten，”said Matt Keller，who runs the Ethiopia program.

　　The fastest learner－and the first to turn on one of the tablets－is 8­year­old Kelbesa Negusse.The device's camera was disabled to save memory，yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work.He called himself a lion，a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia.

　　With his tablet，Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows.Then he spelled words on his own.“Seven months ago he didn't know any English.That's unbelievable，”said Keller.

　　The project aims to get kids to a stage called“deep reading，”where they can read to learn.It won't be in Amharic，Ethiopia's first language，but in English，which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs.

　　【语篇解读】　本文为说明文，介绍用平板电脑帮助贫穷村庄的孩子用英语学习、阅读的项目计划。

　　17．How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village?

　　A．It trains teachers for them.

　　B．It contributes to their self­study.

　　C．It helps raise their living standards.

　　D．It provides funds for building schools.

　　答案　B　[事实细节题。根据文章第三段“...teach themselves to read...”，“...the kids have already learned more...”可知答案。]

　　18．What can we infer from Keller's words in Paragraph 3?

　　A．They need more time to analyze data.

　　B．More children are needed for the research.

　　C．He is confident about the future of the project.

　　D．The research should be carried out in kindergartens.

　　答案　C　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段“What I think has already happened is that...”said Matt Keller，可以推断出答案。]

　　19．It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could ________．

　　A．learn English words quickly

　　B．draw pictures of animals

　　C．write letters to researchers

　　D．make phone calls to his friends

　　答案　A　[事实细节题。根据文章第四段“The fastest learner...”，“within weeks Kelbesa had figured out...”，以及第五段“Seven months ago he didn't know any English...”可知答案。]

　　20．What is the aim of the project?

　　A．To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.

　　B．To make Amharic widely used in the world.

　　C．To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.

　　D．To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language.

　　答案　C　[主旨大意题。文章最后一段是对整篇文章的概述，也是这项计划的目的，故选C项。]

　　题组二　尝试模拟

　　Passage

　　1

　　体裁：说明文　话题：当今社会　词数：290　时间：5′

　　(2017·东北三省四市高三一模)In the pastthey were laughed at for being eggheads(书呆子) wearing glasses with a passion for the pointless.But now，being a member of their group has become a source of pride，with Collins online dictionary naming the term “geek” as UK's “Word of the Year” on December 16.

　　“Geek” tops the list for 2017 because of its “positive makeover”，a spokeswoman for Collins Dictionary told The Scotsman newspaper.

　　The word originally appeared in the 19th century as a variant(变形) of “geck”，meaning “a simpleton(傻瓜)”．

　　“In the 1980s，the word still had a negative meaning，referring to someone who was boring and socially awkward.However，from the late 20th century，due to the increasing importance of technology in society，the word has come to mean a clever，switched­on and cool person，” noted The Scotsman.

　　In September，the dictionary changed the main definition of “geek” from “someone

　　preoccupied with computing” to “a person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a

　　specific subject”．

　　“‘Geek’ is a great example of a word that has evolved from having a negative meaning to

　　having a positive one.” Ian Brookes，consultant editor to Collins Dictionary told The Guardian.“This change in meaning represents a positive change in views of specialist expertise(专长；专业知识)，and is a result of the influence of technology on people's lives.”

　　The Telegraph's John Bingham believes that the transformation of the word was helped along by the success of the US movie The Social Network，about the creation of the US website Facebook.“Commentators said the film showed that it had become fashionable to be a geek”，Bingham wrote.

　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。戴着瓶底眼镜的书呆子们曾经被嘲笑为无用的“geek”，然而时代在变化，咸鱼也有翻身的一天！科林斯字典给了这个词一个全新的、积极的含义。

　　1．The underlined word “makeover” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ________．

　　A．evolution

　　B．result

　　C．influence

　　D．response

　　答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的第二句“But now，being a member of their group has become a source of pride，with Collins online dictionary naming the term ‘geek’ as UK's ‘Word of the Year’ on December 16.”和第三段“The word originally appeared in the 19th century as a variant(变形) of ‘geck’，meaning‘a simpleton(傻瓜)’．”前后对比可知，此处makeover意为“华丽转身”，与倒数第二段的第一句“‘Geek’is a great example of a word that has evolved from having a negative meaning to having a positive one.”相呼应。evolution意为“进化”；result意为“结果”；influence意为“影响”； response意为“回应”。故选A项。]

　　2．When did the word “geek” begin to have a positive meaning?

　　A．In the 20th century.

　　B．From the 1990s.

　　C．In the 1980s.

　　D．At the end of 2017.

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“In the 1980s，the word still had a negative meaning...”和第二句“However，from the late 20th century...the word has come to mean a clever，switched­on and cool person”对比可知，“geek”这个词实现意义上的华丽20世纪90年代。故选B项。]

　　3．According to the article，“geek” now mainly refers to ________．

　　A．someone who is addicted to computing and new technology

　　B．someone who is boring and unfashionable

　　C．someone who is smart but awkward in social situations

　　D．someone who is well­informed and devoted to a certain field

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“a person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a specific subject”可知，“geek”现在主要指那些博学的学者型人物。故选D项。]

　　4．What helped to transform the meaning of “geek” from negative to positive according to the article?

　　a．The effect of technology.

　　b．The news media's promotion.

　　c．The influence of Collins Dictionary.

　　d．The popularity of The Social Network.

　　A．a，b

　　B．b，c

　　C．ad

　　D．c，d

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“...by the success of the US movie The Social Network，about the creation of the US website Facebook.”可知，“geek”词义的华丽转身来源于电影The Social Network的成功和技术的进步。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“is a result of the influence of technology on people's lives”可知，这是科技进步对人们生活影响的结果。故选C项。]

　　Passage

　　2

　　体裁：应用文　话题：孩子教育　词数：300　时间：6′

　　(2017·河南六市高三一模)

　　Dear Gregory，

　　Merry Christmas! You are now the proud owner of an iPhone.You are a good and responsible 13­year­old boy and you deserve this gift.But with your acceptance of this present come some rules and regulations.Please read through the following list of rules.I hope that you understand that it is my job to form you into a well­rounded，healthy young man who can coexist with technology without being ruled by it.Failure to comply with(遵守) the following list will result in termination(终止) of your iPhone ownership.

　　1．It is my phone.I bought it.I pay for it.I am loaning(借) it to you.Aren't I the greatest?

　　2．If it rings，answer it.It is a phone.Say hello and use your manners.Do not ever ignore a phone call if the screen reads “Mom” or

　　“Dad”．

　　3．It does not go to school with you.Have conversations with your friends in person.That's an important life skill.But half days，field trips and after­school activities will require special consideration.

　　4．If it falls into the toilet，breaks up on the ground or disappears into thin air，you are responsible for the replacement or repair costs.Mow lawns，take up babysitting or save up your

　　birthday money.Accidents will happen，so you should be prepared.

　　5．Turn it off，silence it and put it away in public—especially in a restaurant，at the movies

　　or while speaking with another human being.You are not a rude person.Do not allow your new

　　toy to change that.

　　6．Live within your experiences.They will be stored in your memory forever.Don't take too

　　many pictures and videos.There is no need to document everything.

　　7．Learn to live without it.Be bigger and more powerful than your “FOMO”—fear of

　　missing out.Leave your phone at home sometimes and feel safe and secure in that decision.It is not alive，nor is it an extension of your body.

　　8．Keep your eyes up.See the world happening around you.Stare out a window.Listen to

　　the birds.Take a walk.Wonder without Googling.

　　9．If you mess up，I will take away your phone.We will sit down and talk about it.We will

　　start over again.You and I，we are always learning.I am on your side and we are in this

　　together.

　　Love，

　　Mom

　　【语篇解读】　本文是一封母亲写给孩子的信，主要讲述了母亲为了避免孩子成为手机控而与孩子之间的约法守则。

　　5．The author's main purpose in writing the article is to ________．

　　A．explain to Gregory the functions of the new mobile phone

　　B．show Gregory how much thought has been put into this gift

　　C．inform Gregory of good manners he has to follow in public

　　D．make a deal with Gregory on the use of his Christmas gift—iPhone

　　答案　D　[写作意图题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“Failure to comply with(遵守) the following list will result in termination (终止) of your iPhone ownership.”以及对第一段的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍了母亲和孩子之间关于使用圣诞礼物iPhone手机的相关约定。故选D项。]

　　6．If Gregory loses his iPhone，he ________．

　　A．will get a new one from his parents

　　B．has to pay for a new one himself

　　C．will never receive gifts from his parents

　　D．must learn to live without a phone

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。根据文章第4条规定中的第一句“If it falls into the toilet，breaks up on the ground or disappears into thin air，you are responsible for the replacement or repair costs.”可知，如果手机丢了，Gregory需要自己重新买个新的。故选B项。]

　　7．We can learn from the article that Gregory's parents ________．

　　A．set rules and regulations in every aspect of his life

　　B．expect him to do something in return for this gift

　　C．are worried about his manners and carelessness

　　D．don't want him to be addicted to electronic products

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。I hope that you understand that it is my job to form you into a well­rounded，healthy young man who can coexist with technology without being ruled by it.”可知，孩子的父母不想孩子成为手机控。故选D项。]

　　8．Gregory has to follow the rules below except that ________．

　　A．be sure to answer his parents' calls

　　B．keep the phone in silence when he's at the cinema

　　C．record his life as much as possible using the phone

　　D．bring the phone with him on field trips when necessary

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文章第6条规定中的最后一句“There is no need to document everything.”可知，母亲要求孩子不需要将每件事情都用手机记录下来，C项与此条相悖。故选C项。]

　　Passage

　　3

　　体裁：说明文　话题：食品卫生　词数：310　时间：6′

　　(2017·海滨区高三第二次调研)If you bought some candy months ago but never ate it，how can you tell whether it is still safe to eat? The easiest way is to check the “use­by date” printed on the wrapper.If that date has already passed，you're likely to throw the candy away.But is that really necessary?

　　According to a new report from the US Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)，tons of

　　food is wasted each year，largely because people don't fully understand what expiration dates，or “use­by dates”，actually mean.

　　Food dating was introduced in the 1970s because consumers wanted more information about the things that they were eating.When they first showed up，use­by dates were only supposed to indicate freshness because producers wanted their products to be tasted in their best conditions.

　　But the truth is that these dates aren't

　　related to the risk of food poisoning or food­born illness，according to Time News.However，most customers misinterpreted use­by dates and related them to the safety of the food，and they still largely do now.

　　Eggs，for example，can still be eaten three to five weeks after purchase even though the

　　use­by date is much earlier.When their use­by dates pass，strawberry­flavored drinks may lose

　　their red color and biscuits may lose their crunch(松脆)，but they are not harmful.

　　“It's a confusing subject，the difference between food quality and food safety，” said Jena

　　Roberts，vice president of National Food Lab，a US food testing company.“Even in the food

　　industry I have colleagues who get confused.”

　　This is why scientists are calling for a standard explanation to be printed following the

　　use­by dates.“We want this to be clearly communicated so consumers are not misunderstanding

　　the data and contributing to a lot of waste，” said Dana Gunders，a staff scientist with the NRDC.

　　But this won't be a mistake that is easy to correct since people have believed it for so long.Another problem is that the quality levels of different foods change differently—some are still safe

　　to eat long after their use­by date while others are not.

　　As a result，food industry officials are now thinking of changing the use­by date to a date

　　indicating when food is most likely to go bad.

　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们对保质期的误解。人们通常会把过了保质期的食物理解为不能食用，而把它们扔掉，这造成了很大的浪费。其实，许多过了保质期的食物还是可以食用

　　9．The use­by date was first intended to ________．

　　A．tell the freshness of food

　　B．show the safety of food

　　C．give a warning of food poisoning

　　D．indicate the relation between food and illness

　　答案　A　[细节理解When they first showed up，use­by dates were only supposed to indicate freshness...”可知，最初引入保质期是为了显示食物是否新鲜。故选A。]

　　10．The underlined word “misinterpreted” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________．

　　A．made guesses about

　　B．formed a wrong idea about

　　C．made wrong use of

　　D．took no notice of

　　答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“But the truth is that these dates aren't related to the risk of food poisoning or food­born illness，according to Time News.”和第五段的例子可知，事实上保质期和食物中毒或者食源misinterpret意为“误解，曲解”。故选B。]

　　11．Which of the following is TRUE?

　　A．Most customers understand what use­by dates mean.

　　B．“Use­by dates” have existed for more than 50 years.

　　C．Biscuits can't be eaten when not as crunchy as they are bought.

　　D．Even after their use­by dates pass，some foods are still safe to eat.

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Eggs，for example，can still be eaten three to five weeks after purchase even though the use­by date is much earlier.”可知，鸡蛋在购买三到五个星期后仍然可以食用，尽管保质期早得多。这说明有些食物虽然过了保质期，但是仍然还是可以食用的。故选D。]

　　12．Scientists are calling for a standard explanation to be printed together with the use­by dates because ________．

　　A．use­by dates are not helpful or reliable

　　B．more consumers get worried about food safety

　　C．most consumers often misunderstand use­by dates

　　D．the quality level of different foods changes differently

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第七段第二句“We want this to be clearly communicated so consumers are not misunderstanding

　　the data and contributing to a lot of waste”可知，科学家们需要一个标准的解释以消除消费者对保质期的误C。根据第四段第二句和第六段第二句也可得出答案。]

　　Passage

　　4

　　体裁：夹叙夹议　话题：善意换来善意　词数：294　时间：5′

　　(2017·临沂高三教学质检，B)My daughter and I collected the empty cans and bottles in our home this morning.We had 6 full garbage bags so I knew we would be spending a bit more of time at the recycling center.When we got there，a man and his kids were also doing the morning recycling and were using two of the four machines to recycle their plastic and cans.Luckily，we were able to use the 2 remaining machines.

　　Of course，there were others that came，but when they saw the two families with garbage bags full of recycled things，they quickly left.However，one woman came in with just 5 cans and looked as if she was in a hurry.So I stopped what I was doing and let her in to recycle her cans.Of course，she was grateful，and it felt good to let her go ahead of me.But that was not the whole story.

　　My daughter and I continued to work through the bags，but the plastic recycling machine stopped working because it was full.My daughter was left with nothing to do.The other family was still using the other two plastic recycling machines，but it seemed that they were almost done.I just told my daughter we would have to wait until they were done.But the man of the other family came through with another act of kindness.He offered to let us go ahead of him.I was really surprised，because we had more than 5 bottles，but he didn't seem to mind.I happily accepted it．

　　It was great to give and then to get an act of kindness in turn.I didn't expect it，but it surely brightened up my day.

　　【语篇解读】　一位妇女有急事，所以作者帮助了她，后来作者遇到了困难，别人又给予及时的帮助，这正说明了一个道理：相互帮助，善有善报。

　　13．What can we learn from Paragraph l?

　　A．The writer did collecting every morning.

　　B．The writer usually had 6 bags of cans to recycle.

　　C．There were four recycling machines in all.

　　D．Most people did recycling in the morning.

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a man and his kids were also doing the morning recycling and were using two of the four machines to recycle their plastic and cans”可知，共有四台回收机器。]

　　14．Why did the writer let the woman recycle her cans first?

　　A．Because there were many other families there.

　　B．Because the woman seemed to be in a hurry.

　　C．Because the writer wanted to hear a story.

　　D．Because the woman was very grateful.

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However，one woman came in with just 5 cans and looked as if she was in a hurry.”可知，是因为她匆忙有事情。]

　　15．Why couldn't the writer finish her recycling in time?

　　A．Because her daughter's machine stopped working.

　　B．Because the other family was still using the machines.

　　C．Because she let the other family use her machine first.

　　D．Because she helped recycle the other family's bags first.

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“My daughter and I continued to work through the bags，but the plastic recycling machine stopped working because it was full.”可知，机器出了故障。]

　　16．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

　　A．The kindness.

　　B．The offer.

　　C．The machine.

　　D．The 5 bottles.

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。根据上文中的“He offered to let us go ahead of him.”可知，此处代词it指他所提供的帮助。]