【备战2016】高考英语典型试题精粹 专题五 介词及介词短语

　　专题五　介词及介词短语

　　高考精萃

　　1．(2017·北京卷)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour.

　　2．(2017·天津卷)________ to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.

　　3．(2017·重庆卷)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road.

　　4．(2017·福建卷)Our club is open to everyone regardless ________ age, sex or educational background.

　　5．(2017·浙江卷)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ________ .

　　6．(2017·浙江卷)Facing up to your problems ________ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.

　　7．(2017·陕西卷)The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.

　　8．(2017·江西卷)It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth.

　　9．(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race ________ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.

　　10．(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.

　　11．(2017·北京卷)I have an appointment ________ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.

　　12．(2017·山东卷)The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children.

　　13．(2017·浙江卷)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. __________the meanwhile, I'll set the table.

　　14．(2017·福建卷)Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ________the way whenever she tries to.

　　15．(2017·辽宁卷)________behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.

　　16．(2017·江苏卷)I am always delighted when I receive an e­mail from you. ________regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.

　　17．(2017·湖北卷)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ________chance a long lost antique Greek vase.

　　18．(2017·陕西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will ________time.

　　19．(2017·安徽卷)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.

　　20．(2017·安徽卷)You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be ________life.

　　21．(2017·福建卷)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________the benefit of all its citizens.

　　22．(2017·浙江卷)________all the animals I've ever had，these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.

　　23．(2017·浙江卷)Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ________ the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.

　　24．(2017·陕西卷)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ________ it.

　　25．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice.

　　26．(2011·北京卷)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color.

　　27．(2011·上海卷)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ________ the tough years.

　　28．(2011·天津卷)He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects.

　　29．(2011·重庆卷)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library.

　　30．(2011·安徽卷)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ________ food safety problems.

　　31．(2011·江苏卷)We'd better discuss everything________detail before we work out the plan.

　　32．(2011·浙江卷)I always wanted to do the job ________ which I'd been trained.

　　33．(2011·湖北卷)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favor ________ younger men.

　　34．(2010·江西卷)We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and ________ return, dogs give us their all.

　　35．(2010·福建卷)More and more high­rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ lack of space.

　　答案与解析

　　1．in　句意：简很着急，因为去飞机场的火车半小时后就发车了。“in＋一段时间”用于表示将来的句子中，意为：在……之后。

　　2．In addition to/Besides　句意：除了学校以外，这个村庄还有一个诊所，它也是在政府的支持下建造的。

　　3．off　句意：她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。off 离开，偏离。

　　4．of　句意：我们的俱乐部对所有人开放，不分年龄、性别和教育背景。regardless of 不管，不顾。

　　5．in　句意：在村庄停留期间，James 无私地和村民分享他所拥有的一切，不要求任何回报。in return 作为回报。

　　6．rather than/instead of　句意：面对你的问题而不是逃避它们才是解决问题的最好办法。rather than/instead of 而不是。

　　7．with　句意：在第五届汉语演讲比赛中，那位有着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。with 表示“具有”。

　　8．despite/in spite of　句意：令人难以置信的是，尽管很富有，Lucas 先生过着简朴的生活。despite/in spite of 尽管。

　　9．against　句意：完成这项工程真的是在与时间赛跑。但幸运的是，我们成功了。against 在此处为“与……竞争”之意。

　　10．without　句意：没有一定的数学知识，进行严肃的物理学研究是不可能的。without “没有”。

　　11．with　句意：我和Smith 博士有一个约会，但是我需要改一下。have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约会、预约。

　　12．for　句意：史密斯夫妇因为他们培养孩子的方式而受到赞扬。根据语境可知，此处表达夫妇二人受赞扬的原因，应该用介词for。

　　13．In　句意：如果你能去商店买来我们晚餐所需要的东西，这将是一个巨大的帮助。同时，我将摆放餐具。in the meanwhile 同时。

　　14．in　句意：史密斯太太觉得很难把杂乱的东西收拾好，因为无论她什么时候试图整理，她的孩子们总是碍手碍脚。in the way/in sb.'s way 妨碍。

　　15．On　句意：我代表这儿的每一个人，祝你们的回国旅程愉快。on behalf of 为固定词组，意为“代表”。

　　16．With　句意：我总是很高兴收到你的邮件。关于7月1日的聚会，我将乐意参加。with regard to 关于。

　　17．by　句意：一位最近乘坐渡船到这个南部岛屿旅行的艺术家偶然发现了一个丢失已久的希腊古懂花瓶。by chance 偶然。

　　18．in　句意：经理想看到公司的变化，我确信他迟早会看到的。in time 迟早。

　　19．for　句意：在你参观一个名胜之前，要在你当地的图书馆找一本关于这个地方的书(了解一下)。look for 寻找。in your local library 是状语。

　　20．for　句意：你可以找工作，可以搬家，但友谊却是受用终生的。for life 意为“一生，终生”。

　　21．for　句意：为了所有公民的利益，中国一直在推行公立医院的改革。for the benefit of 为了……的利益。

　　22．Of　句意：在所有我养过的动物中，这两只狗对语言最敏感。此处of 用来表示范围，意为“在……之中”。

　　23．on　句意：布朗说他一点儿都不生气，正相反(on the contrary)，他很高兴能把自己的意思表达清楚。

　　24．against　句意：达成一致意见看来是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都对此表示反对(against)。

　　25．until　句意：这家商店将停止维修，直到另行通知。until 后接名词时为介词，后接句子时为连词。

　　26．in　句意：由于有了新技术，水下的山谷也可以被拍出彩色的照片。in color 意为“以彩色的形式呈现”。

　　27．through　句意：毕业之际是一个向那些曾帮助你度过艰难岁月的人们表示感谢的好时机。through 为“度过”之意。

　　28．above　句意：他是个好学生，而且大部分学科的成绩都高于平均分。above average 高于平均水平。根据a good student 可知应该是高于平均水平。

　　29．from　句意：雪莉，一个真正爱读书的人，经常从图书馆带许多书回家读。

　　30．to　句意：有时候，解决食品安全问题的恰当的办法并不难找到。answer 与 to 连用，表示“……的答案/解决办法”。该句子中answers to food safety problems 被are not far to seek 分隔开。

　　31．in　句意：在制订计划之前，我们最好详细讨论一下所有的事情。in detail 详细地。

　　32．for　句意：我总想做曾为之受过培训的工作。将先行词代入定语从句后为：I had been trained (for) the job.“为……目的”需用介词for。

　　33．of　句意：在被问到他们对校长的看法时，很多老师说他们更愿意看到他让贤于更年轻的人。句中的step aside 表示“让位，让开”，后面接介词短语in favor of 表示这些老师更赞成起用更年轻的人。

　　34．in　句意：我们给予狗我们能匀出来的时间、空间和爱。作为回报，狗给予我们它们的全部。in return 作为回报，作为报答。

　　35．for　句意：因缺少空间，在大城市里，越来越多的高楼大厦拔地而起。for lack of 意为“因缺乏”。

　　模拟精选

　　1．(2017·河南开封第一次摸底)Three of the town's factories have closed down ________ the space of a year.

　　2．(2017·沈阳质量预测)We often hear children sing songs happily in the kindergarten ________ the street.

　　3．(2017·河北保定调研)—How smart you are in that suit!

　　—Can't you see I'm thinner? I've managed to lose my weight ________ 10 pounds.

　　4．(2017·重庆联合测试)Like golf, yoga is a recent arrival ________ China, and could be on its way to becoming a booming business.

　　5．(2017·北京东城统一检测)Mr. Carter will be the main speaker ________ the graduation ceremony.

　　6．(2017·河南洛阳统考)To our surprise, the price of oil rose ________ a further $2 a barrel.

　　7．(2017·安徽庆安二模)David was always ________ his best in any danger, but at that moment he froze.

　　8．(2017·浙江温州第一次适应性测试)Every teenager needs to experience a not­so­fun first job ________ working at a grocery store to a fast food restaurant.

　　9．(2017·陕西宝鸡质检二)Tom is one of the top students in our school and the scores he's got in each exam are always far ________ average.

　　10．(2017·郑州第一次质量预测)—What shall we prepare for our picnic this weekend?

　　—Well, let's discuss it ________ lunch.

　　11．(2017·昆明第一次调研)The dress is very nice, but not ________ the girl's taste, for she is somehow particular.

　　12．(2017·太原五中第一学期测试)—What do you think of Tom playing football?

　　—I don't think he is much ________ a good footballer.

　　13．(2017·北京东城3月联考)Math is ________ me. I can never get high grades.

　　14．(2017·山东青岛期中)The equipment for disabled people should be ________ easy reach in public places.

　　15．(2017·山东潍坊期中)Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter ________ physical and mental health.

　　16．(2017·北京朝阳一模)In some countries, friends kiss ________ both cheeks when they say goodbye.

　　17．(2017·浙江宁波二模) Jack, what's your main reason for choosing one restaurant ________ another?

　　18．(2017·北京海淀下学期期中)The purpose of the article is to draw public attention ________ the problem.

　　19．(2017·天津和平二模)The accident was my fault, so I had to pay the damage ________ the other car.

　　20．(2017·福建厦门3月质检)Our province has recently launched a “Beautiful China, Refreshing Fujian” tourism promotion campaign, ________ its fresh air as the main selling point.

　　答案与解析

　　1．within　句意：这个镇里的工厂有三家在一年的时间内就倒闭了。within “在(某段时间)之内”，后加一段时间，符合句意。

　　2．across　句意：我们经常可以听到街道另一边幼儿园的小朋友在快乐地唱歌。across 表示从某物的表面“横过”。

　　3．by　由句中的“Can't you see I'm thinner？”可知，答话人和以前相比瘦了，因此填by。by＋数量词表示升降、增减的程度。

　　4．to　句意：和高尔夫一样，瑜伽也是近年才出现在中国，它可能会成为一个蓬勃发展的行业。这里用介词to表示“对……来说”。

　　5．at　句意：Carter 先生将作为毕业典礼上主要的发言人。at the graduation ceremony 意思是“在毕业典礼上”，为固定短语。

　　6．by　句意：让我们惊讶的是，石油每桶又涨了两美元。表示上升或下降的幅度用介词by。

　　7．at　句意：遇到任何危险大卫都会保持自己的最佳状态，但在那一刻他却愣住了。这里用介词短语at one's best 表示“(健康、情绪、才能、竞技等)处于最佳状态，处于全盛时期”。

　　8．from　句意：每个青少年都需要经历第一份不太有趣的工作——从在杂货店工作到在快餐店工作。此处是from...to...“从……到……”结构。

　　9．above　根据“Tom is one of the top students in our school”可知，汤姆在历次考试中的得分总是高于平均水平。above average “高于平均水平”。

　　10．over　句意：——本周末的野餐我们准备些什么呢？——哦，我们吃午饭的时候商量一下吧。这里用介词over 表示“在……期间”。

　　11．to　句意：这件裙子很漂亮，但是不符合这个女孩的口味，因为她有些挑剔。to one's taste “符合某人的口味”，为固定短语。

　　12．of　此处表示“我认为他不是一个很好的足球运动员”，not be much of a(n)＋n.表示“算不上是……”，为固定搭配，符合语境，该句使用了否定转移。

　　13．beyond　句意：数学对我来说很难。我从来都得不了高分。beyond “在……的那边；超过”。

　　14．within　句意：在公共场所为残疾人提供的设备应便于触及。within reach “在够得着的范围”。

　　15．on　句意：科学家们确信笑对人的身心健康有积极的影响。effect 后接on，意为“对……的影响”为固定搭配。

　　16．on　句意：在一些国家，朋友告别的时候，在两边脸颊上亲吻。on 表示“在……表面”。

　　17．over　句意：杰克，你选择一家饭店而不选择另一家的主要原因是什么？

　　18．to　句意：这篇文章的目的是引起公众对这个问题的关注。draw attention to “引起注意”。

　　19．to　句意：这次事故是我的错，所以我不得不赔偿另一辆车的损失。the damage to “对……的损失”，用介词to。

　　20．with　with its fresh air as the main selling point 是with 复合结构。句意：我们省近来推出“美丽中国，清新福建”旅游推广活动，把清新的空气作为主要卖点。

　　创新预测

　　1．—What about the milk of this brand?

　　—It is at least as good as, if not superior ________， that of other brands.

　　2．The book is intended ________ foreigners who want to learn about the Chinese culture and history.

　　3．—I'm too busy to go to the bank to check whether she has put the money in my bank account.

　　—It's easy to check your bank account ________ the Internet.

　　4．—His painting won a big prize and was purchased by a museum last week.

　　—Yes. You know, he has a talent ________ painting.

　　5．Facing an aging population, Finland hopes to maintain economic growth by making people work ________ their retirement age.

　　6．Specific plans for emergencies, such as flooded underground projects, are still not ________ place although some cities have put forward plans to deal with swollen rivers.

　　7．A statue of Mr. Mandela was open to the public at the Union Buildings on December 16 ________ honour of him.

　　8．Our government has been claiming that people should be hired regardless ________ race, color, religion or sex.

　　9．The G20 was created in December 1999 ________ response to the financial crisis to promote open and constructive discussions between rich and developing countries.

　　10．Tom will deliver a speech at the graduation ceremony ______ behalf of our class.

　　11．He is ________ charge of the project which is beneficial ________ us.

　　12．To be free ________ the noise pollution, he moved to a quiet place in the countryside.

　　13．I'm short ________ money, so I'm afraid to be out ________ work.

　　14．The house ________ repair dates ________ 1950.

　　15．Mr Green went to work ________ usual ________ spite of the heavy rain.

　　16．I'm curious ________ the little cottage and went inside.

　　17．The man told us the accident ________ detail.

　　18．The boat was ________ the mercy of the storm but was spotted by a passing ship ________ accident.

　　19．He felt ________ ease ________ the sight of his son's safe return.

　　20．Much ________ my relief, my son got rid ________ his bad habits.

　　答案与解析

　　1．to　be superior to 为固定词组，意为“比……好，优于……”。

　　2．for　be intended for 意为“为……打算(设计)”，为固定搭配。

　　3．via　via the Internet 通过(经由)因特网。

　　4．for　have a talent for 意为“对……有天赋”，为固定搭配。

　　5．beyond　beyond their retirement age 超过他们的退休年龄。此句意为：芬兰面临人口老龄化问题，希望通过让人们达到退休年龄之后继续工作来保持经济增长。

　　6．in　句意：尽管一些城市已经提出了处理高涨河水的计划，但是诸如受淹的地下工程之类的应急具体计划还没有准备就绪。in place 在适当的位置，适当的，恰当的，准备就绪。

　　7．in　句意：为了纪念曼德拉先生，在12月16日联合大厦前他的雕像被揭幕了。in honour of 为了纪念。

　　8．of　regardless of 意为“不管，不顾”。此处指政府要求在雇用人员时应该忽略他们的种族、肤色、宗教或性别。

　　9．in　in response to 作为对……的回应。此处指“G20在1999年12月成立是为了应对金融危机”。

　　10．on　on behalf of 代表。句意：汤姆将代表我们班在毕业典礼上作演讲。

　　11．in; to　in charge of 负责；be beneficial to 对……有益。

　　12．from/of　be free from/of 摆脱。

　　13．of; of　be short of 缺少； out of work 失业。

　　14．under; from　under repair 正在修理；date from 起始于。

　　15．as; in　as usual 照常；in spite of 不管。

　　16．about　be curious about 对……好奇。

　　17．in　in detail 详细地。

　　18．at; by　at the mercy of 任由……摆布；by accident 偶然。

　　19．at; at　feel at ease 感到轻松；at the sight of 看见。

　　20．to; of　to one's relief 令某人欣慰的是；get rid of 除掉。