专题 动词的时态和语态
高考精萃
1.(2017·大纲全国卷)The reports went missing in 2017 and nobody ________ (see) them since.
2.(2017·北京卷)—Hi, let's go skating.
—Sorry, I'm busy right now. I ________ (fill) in an application form for a new job.
3.(2017·北京卷)—What time is it?
—I have no idea. But just a minute, I ________ (check) it for you.
4.(2017·北京卷)I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________ (start) when I arrived.
5.(2017·山东卷)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we ________ (expect).
6.(2017·山东卷)They made up their mind that they ________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
7.(2017·重庆卷)James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ (come) until yesterday.
8.(2017·福建卷)—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and ________ (stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.
9.(2017·安徽卷)The twins, who ________ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
10.(2017·浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces; she had the impression that she ________ (see) most of the guests before.
11.(2017·陕西卷)During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________ (recommend).
12.(2017·湖南卷)Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.
13.(2017·四川卷)She ________ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
14.(2017·江西卷)—Tony, why are your eyes red?
—I ________(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.
15.(2017·大纲全国卷)Unless some extra money ________ (find), the theatre will close.
16.(2017·课标全国卷Ⅰ)When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________(change) my mind.
17.(2017·北京卷)Hurry up! Mark and Carl ________(expect) us.
18.(2017·天津卷)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ________(repair) one of the main pipes.
19.(2017·重庆卷)I felt very tired when I got home, and I ________(go) straight to bed.
20.(2017·山东卷)I didn't think I'd like the movie, but actually it ________(be) pretty good.
21.(2017·浙江卷)During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ________(increase) sharply.
22.(2017·辽宁卷)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ________(have) it for a very long time.
23.(2017·湖南卷)Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ________(bother) us.
24.(2017·四川卷)Hurry up, kids! The school bus ______(wait) for us!
25.(2017·安徽卷)I'm calling about the apartment you ________ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
26.(2017·北京卷)Shakespeare's play Hamlet ________(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.
27.(2017·辽宁卷)We are confident that the environment ________(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
28.(2017·湖南卷)If nothing ________(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
29.(2017·福建)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2017 Taipei Flower Expo.
30.(2017·安徽卷)After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading, only to be told that it______(decorate).
31.(2017·课标全国)“Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say, “because every step ________(show).”
32.(2017·课标全国卷)I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers ________ (swim) before my eyes.
33.(2017·安徽卷)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, ________(keep) some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.
34.(2017·湖南卷)Close the door of fear behind you, and you ________(see) the door of faith open before you.
35.(2017·江苏卷)The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ________(meet) some European business partners.
36.(2017·江苏卷)The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ________(start).
37.(2017·辽宁卷)I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I ________(fly) to Shanghai.
38.(2017·浙江卷)Peter had intended to take a job in business, but ________(abandon) that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.
39.(2017·天津卷)The three of us ________(travel) around Europe for about a month last summer.
40.(2017·湖南卷)Don't worry. The hard work that you do now ________(repay) later in life.
41.(2017·天津卷)The letters for the boss ________(put) on his desk but he didn't read them until three days later.
42.(2011·重庆卷)That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who ________(play) the piano upstairs?
43.(2011·课标全国卷Ⅰ)Planning so far ahead ________(make) no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
44.(2011·课标全国卷Ⅰ)When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ________(lie) there.
45.(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)If you don't like the drink you ________ (order), just leave it and try a different one.
46.(2011·天津卷)On her next birthday, Ann ______(marry) for twenty years.
47.(2011·上海卷)Did you predict that many students ______ (sign) up for the dance competition?
48.(2011·天津卷)In the last few years thousands of films ________ (produce) all over the world.
49.(2011·湖南卷)In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ________(make) by scientists.
50.(2011·北京卷)Experiments of this kind ________ (conduct) in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
51.(2011·上海卷)After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ________(rescue) four days later.
52.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Linda, make sure the tables ________(set) before the guests arrive.
53.(2010·北京卷)In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words ________(drop).
54.(2010·福建卷)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they ________(promise) before leaving their hometowns.
55.(2010·上海卷)The church tower which ________(restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
56.(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No, I ________(do) my homework all day yesterday.
57.(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)When you are home, give a call to let me know you ________(arrive) safely.
58.(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)Excuse me. I ________(not realize) I was blocking your way.
59.(2010·天津卷)We ________(work) on this project for four hours. Let's have a rest.
60.(2010·北京卷)—I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
—Sorry, I __________(not make) myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
答案与解析
1.has seen 句意:这些报告在2017年就丢失了,此后再也没人见到过它们。由题干中的since可知,应用现在完成时。
2.am filling 句意:——嗨,咱们去滑冰吧。——对不起,我现在忙着呢。我正在填一张新工作申请表。根据题干中的I'm busy right now可推知fill in这一动作正在进行,故用现在进行时。
3.will check 句意:——现在几点了?——我不知道,不过等一下,我帮你看看。根据句意可知答话者此刻也不知道几点,因此“我帮你看看”是接下来要发生的动作,故使用一般将来时。
4.had started 句意:我发现我很难明白讲座的内容,因为当我到的时候它已经开始了。题干中的语境为过去时,根据句意可知空格处发生的动作先于arrived,故使用过去完成时。
5.had expected 句意:手写所有的请柬比我们预期的更加耗时。主句的时态是一般过去时,根据句意可知expect的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前,所以该空表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。
6.would buy 句意:他们决定一旦拉里换了工作,他们就买座新房子。that引导的从句为复合句,其中once引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时,故主句用过去将来时。
7.was coming/would come 句意:詹姆斯刚到,但是直到昨天我才知道他会来。主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的时态应用过去的某种时态,根据句意可知该空表示过去将要发生的动作,所以要用过去将来时。
8.stayed 句意:——好长时间没见到你了!你去哪儿了?——我去宁夏支教了一年。答句由and连接两个并列的谓语动词,根据went及句意可知,此处表示的动作发生在过去,“待”这个动作与went这个动作几乎同时发生,故用一般过去时态。
9.had finished 句意:这对双胞胎已经完成家庭作业了,他们被允许在操场上打羽毛球。根据题干可知“被允许在操场上打羽毛球”这个动作发生在过去,而“完成家庭作业”这个动作发生在“被允许在操场上打羽毛球”这个动作之前,是“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
10.had seen 句意:Sofia看了看四周所有的人。她印象中她以前见过这些客人中的大多数。设空处所缺的动词表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前,同时有时间状语before,故用过去完成时。
11.had recommended 句意:Jerry在西安逗留期间,他几乎尝遍了朋友推荐的所有的当地食物。由tried可知,定语从句要用相应的过去时态;“他的朋友推荐”这个动作发生在tried这个动作之前,即“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
12.have been trying 句意:自从人类开始从事园艺工作以来,我们就一直在努力使我们的环境更美。根据Since the time humankind started gardening以及try to make our environment more beautiful这一动作现在还在进行可知,设空处需用现在完成进行时。
13.was phoning 句意:她当时正在给某人打电话,所以我对她点点头走开了。根据句意可知该空表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作,所以要用过去进行时。
14.have been cutting 句意:——托尼,为什么你的眼睛红了?——过去的五分钟里我一直都在剁辣椒。根据本题中的for the last five minutes可以判断动作从过去开始,持续到现在,并且可能现在还在进行,故用现在完成进行时。
15.is found 句意:除非找到一些额外资金,否则这家剧院就得关门。由主句中的will 可知unless 引导的从句应用一般现在时态表将来,且money 和find 之间是被动关系,故答案为is found。
16.have changed 句意:当我第一次见到Bryan 时我不喜欢他,但我现在已经改变了看法。根据转折连词but 可知,前后两句表示今昔对比,即“我”现在已经改变看法了,故用现在完成时。
17.are expecting 句意:快点!Mark和carol正等着咱们呢。根据题干中的Hurry up可知此处表达expect的动作正在进行中。
18.are repairing 句意:因为工人们正在修其中一条主管道,所以供水系统临时被切断了。根据语境可知设空处表示现在的情况且正在进行,故用现在进行时。
19.went 句意:回到家的时候我感到非常累,就直接上床睡觉了。题中空格处谓语动词应与felt保持时态一致,故用一般过去时。
20.was 句意:我原以为我不会喜欢这部电影的,但是事实上这部电影非常好。根据语境和题干可知空格处应该用一般过去时。
21.has increased 句意:在过去的30年中,参加健身项目的人数急剧增加。during/over/for the last three decades作状语,句子常用现在完成时。
22.had had 句意:当他卖掉他的吉他的时候,他很不高兴。毕竟,他已经拥有它好长时间了。根据句意得知:拥有吉他在前,卖掉吉他在后,所以“拥有”的动作发生在过去的过去,应用过去完成时。
23.bothers 句意:每天晚上大约两点钟的时候,Sue就开始说梦话。这有点打扰我们。根据语境可知设空处指的是现在的经常性动作,所以用一般现在时。
24.is waiting 句意:快一点儿,孩子们!校车在等我们呢!根据语境可知,设空处表示现在正在发生的事情,故用现在进行时。
25.advertised 句意:我打电话是想了解一下前几天你做过广告的那所公寓,能告诉我关于它更多的信息吗?句中的时间状语the other day(=a few days ago几天前)暗示要用一般过去时。
26.has been made 句意:在过去的数年里,莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》被制作成了至少十部不同的电影。通常情况下,题干中出现over the past years “在过去的数年里”,句子用现在完成时态,又因play 与 make 之间为被动关系,故设空处用现在完成时的被动语态。
27.will be improved 句意:我们相信,通过我们进一步减少污染的努力,环境会有所改善。题干中的are 表明语境是现在时,空格处的动作是将来发生的且environment 与improve 之间为被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语态。
28.is done 句意:如果不采取措施的话,海洋将会变成鱼的沙漠。nothing 与 do之间为被动关系;if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。
29.was invited 句意:那位著名音乐家和他的学生应邀在2017年台北花博会开幕式上演出了。题干中的主语是the famous musician,是单数形式,与invite 之间是被动关系;根据the 2017 Taipei Flower Expo可知需用一般过去时态,故空格处填一般过去时的被动语态。
30.was being decorated 句意:放学后,我们去阅览室看书,结果被告知阅览室正在装修。根据句中的went 可知,空格处也应该用过去的某种时态;根据句意可知空格处叙述正在发生的情况;根据it(the readingroom)与decorate 之间的关系可知用被动语态。故空格处用过去进行时的被动语态。
31.shows 句意:奶奶过去常说:“生活就如在雪地里走路,因为每一步都显而易见。”表示事物本身的属性、特征时,谓语动词用一般现在时,结合“Life is like walking in the snow”的时态可知答案。show 在句中为不及物动词,意为“显示出,流露出”。
32.swam 句意:整个下午我都在做数学题,眼前全是数字。and 前的句子为过去完成进行时,表示过去一直在做某事,and 后的句子陈述“过去那个时刻的事实”,故用一般过去时态。
33.keeps 句意:沃尔玛,美国最大的连锁超市之一,让它的一些连锁店从周一到周六24小时营业。考查时态和主谓一致。依句意可知,该句叙述的是现在的客观事实,所以用一般现在时;其次,主语为Walmart(第三人称单数形式),所以谓语动词用keeps。
34.will see 句意:关上身后的恐惧之门,你就会看到信心之门在你面前打开。本题采用“祈使句+and+陈述句”形式考查时态。在此句型中,祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句,陈述句相当于主句。祈使句表示将来,故后面的陈述句应该用一般将来时。
35.had met 句意:据说,经理已经从巴黎回来了,在那儿他会见了一些欧洲的生意伙伴。根据题意可知,“回来”发生在过去,“会见”欧洲的生意伙伴发生在“回来”之前,即过去的过去,需用过去完成时态。
36.started 句意:总统希望在他离任时民众(的生活)比他就任时更富裕。根据语境可知,设空处动作发生在过去,所以需用一般过去时态。
37.will be flying 句意:我觉得特别兴奋!明天早晨的这个时候我就在飞往上海的飞机上了。根据时间状语At this time tomorrow morning 可知,设空处表示明天早晨的这一时间点正在发生的事情,故用将来进行时。
38.abandoned 句意:彼得本打算从商,但是2010年在加拿大那次不愉快的经历使得他放弃了那个计划。根据句意,空格处表示的是发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时。
39.traveled 句意:去年夏天,我们三个人在欧洲旅行了大约一个月。根据时间状语last summer可知用一般过去时。
40.will be repaid 句意:不要担心。你现在所付出的努力在今后的生活中会得到回报。根据later in life 可知设空处用一般将来时,又因为主语The hard work与谓语动词(repay)之间为被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语态。
41.were put 句意:给老板的信放在了他的桌子上,但他三天后才读。根据语境及but分句的时态可知前一分句也应该用一般过去时,又因为letters与put之间为被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
42.is playing 句意:那段音乐听起来十分熟悉。谁在楼上弹钢琴?根据句意可知,本句说的是现在的事情且动作正在进行,故用现在进行时。
43.makes 句意:这么早计划没有什么意义——到明年很多事情就会变了。一般现在时指经常发生的事或存在的状态,由句意可知本句表达目前的状况,符合一般现在时的用法。
44.had been lying 句意:当艾丽斯苏醒过来的时候,她不知道自己已在那儿躺了多久。由句意可知,“她躺在那儿”发生在came to 和 did not know 之前,且表示动作的延续,应用过去完成进行时。
45.ordered 句意:如果你不喜欢你点的饮料,那就别喝了,试试其他的(饮料)吧。由语境可知,点饮料是过去发生的事情,故应用一般过去时。
46.will have been married 句意:到下一次过生日的时候,Ann结婚就要满二十年了。根据句中的next birthday可知要用将来时,再根据for twenty years可知要表达“完成”之意,所以设空处用将来完成时。
47.would sign 句意:你是否曾预测有许多学生会报名参加舞蹈比赛?that引导宾语从句,由主句中的did可确定从句用过去时;根据predict可知从句的动作应该发生在将来。
48.have been produced 句意:在过去的几年里,全世界已经制作了成千上万部电影。in the last/past few years(在过去的几年里)通常与现在完成时连用,另外,根据句意及句子结构可知此句为被动含义,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。
49.will be made 句意:在不久的将来,科学家们将会在机器人技术方面取得更多的进步。根据时间状语In the near future 可以确定该句的时态为一般将来时,而句子的主语more advances 和 make之间是被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语态。
50.had been conducted 句意:第二次世界大战之前,在美国和欧洲就曾进行过这种实验。experiments与conduct之间为被动关系,且conduct这一动作发生在第二次世界大战之前,即过去的过去,所以用过去完成时的被动语态。
51.was rescued 句意:海军小组的一名成员在一场暴风雨中失踪四天后获救。member和rescue之间是被动关系,另外,句子只是在陈述过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
52.are set 句意:琳达,要保证在客人来之前把餐具摆好。关键同make sure要求从句用一般现在时,且the tables与set之间为被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
53.are dropped 句意:在美国一些地方的口语中,单词结尾的字母“r”的发音通常被略掉。通过题干可以判断出sounds和drop之间为被动关系,故用被动语态;另外,题干中所提为普遍现象,应用一般现在时。
54.have been promised 句意:每年相当多的农民工到深圳寻求可以挣到很多钱的工作。在离开家乡之前,已经有人承诺他们会得到这样的工作。they与promise之间为被动关系,故应该用被动语态;在离开家乡之前,往往已经有人承诺他们会得到这样的工作,故用现在完成时。
55.is being restored 句意:正在修复的教堂塔不久就会对游客开放。修复工作差不多快完成了。根据语境,主语church tower和动词restore之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,又由句意可知修复工作还未完成,所以用现在进行时的被动语态。
56.was doing 句意:——你读完《简·爱》了吗?——没有,我昨天一整天都在写作业。根据all day yesterday可知设空处表示过去正在进行的行为,故用过去进行时态。
57.have arrived 句意:你到家后给我打个电话,好让我知道你已安全抵达。从语境看,说话者关心对方是否已经安全到达,故用现在完成时。
58.didn't realize 句意:抱歉,我没有意识到挡了你的路。“意识到”这个动作应该发生在过去,故用一般过去时。
59.have been working 句意:我们已经连续做这个项目四个小时了,休息一下吧。根据语境中“休息一下吧”可知工作尚未完成,又结合题干中的for four hours可推知设空处应该用现在完成进行时态。
60.haven't made 句意:——抱歉,我不太明白你的意思。你刚才是说你们想在9月20日返回吗?——对不起,是我没有表述清楚。我们想在10月20日返回。根据句意可以看出“没有表述清楚”是当前的一种情况,是说话人做过的事情对现在的一种影响,现在完成时表明现在的情况和影响,符合题意。
模拟精选
1.(2017·山东临沂质检)The tourism of Linyi ________(see) a rapid growth over the last decade. Now it's the 2nd most visited city in Shandong Province.
2.(2017·山东青岛一模)Jack doesn't smoke now, but he ________ (smoke) for almost twenty years.
3.(2017·甘肃武威凉州区一次诊断)If only I had got up a little earlier this morning! I ________(miss) the bus by only a minute and waited half an hour for another.
4.(2017·河南开封二模)—Sunny Taxi Service. Can I help you?
—My plane ________(take) off at 11:30 in the morning. Can you send a taxi no later than 9 o'clock?
5.(2017·江苏常州上学期期末)This nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating it's high time that we ________ (reflect) on what we've done to the environment.
6.(2017·山东潍坊3月模拟)—That must have been a terrible experience.
—Yeah. I ________(stick) in the damaged car, unable to move.
7.(2017·江西重点中学盟校一联)This brand of knife is quite popular with customers, for it ________(cut) well.
8.(2017·重庆上学期期末)—What's up? The house is in a mess.
—Oh, I forgot to tell you. It ________(repaint).
9.(2017·山东日照模拟)The girl had been suffering from lung cancer, yet she acted as if nothing ________(happen) to her while we were together.
10.(2017·江西南昌一模)Experiments on animals ________(conduct) long before the medicine was applied to patients.
11.(2017·陕西咸阳模拟)In order to get good marks in the coming exam, my son ________(study) late every night in the past three weeks.
12.(2017·四川成都七中二诊)—What is the procedure of the application?
—All the applicants ________(interview) before a final decision is made by the authority.
13.(2017·四川成都外国语学校月考)—Haven't I told you that you should be home earlier?
—Yes, but I ________(come) home earlier than I usually do.
14.(2017·浙江杭州一次质检)Mr. White ________(work) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.
15.(2017·浙江衢州一中一模)Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help __________(offer) since the organization was built.
16.(2017·安徽马鞍山一次质检)—What do you want for breakfast, Joe?
—I think I ________(have) some bread and milk.
17.(2017·福建福州八中六次质检)The project ________(contribute) to developing the economy and reducing poverty when it is completed.
18.(2017·福建莆田3月质检)Nelson Mandela ________(die) peacefully at his Johannesburg home on Thursday, President Jacob Zuma said.
19.(2017·甘肃河西五市一联)—I thought you ________(be) leaving for vacation tomorrow.
—I had planned to, but I have a very important meeting to attend tomorrow.
20.(2017·四川成都二次诊断)Up to now, thousands of red phone boxes, the old image of Britain, ________(remove) due to mobile phones.
21.(2017·北京海淀期末练习)—Have you heard of the accident on this road last night?
—Yes. And there ________ (be) three accidents here so far this year.
22.(2017·北京东城统一检测)Try not to wake up the baby if you ________(go) into the bedroom.
23.(2017·福州质量检测)—You seem to be familiar with this city.
—I ________(live) here for three years. It's great to be back.
24.(2017·湖南“五市十校”联合检测)—Can he get the first prize for running in this sports meeting?
—Impossible now. He ________ (expect) to do so, but he has just hurt his leg.
25.(2017·南昌一模)Mr.Smith would have been happy to give you two days off, if you had gone and explained that your parents ________(be) ill at the time.
26.(2017·浙江考试院高三抽测)By the time the traffic ______(clear), we will have run out of gas.
27.(2017·陕西宝鸡质检二)Sometimes giving a gift is better than spoken communications, since the message it ________(offer) can break through barriers of language.
28.(2017·重庆联合测试)Life is like a hot bath. It ________(feel) good while you're in it, but the longer you stay in, the more wrinkled you get.
29.(2017·山东潍坊期中)I ________(drink) a cup of coffee when a new idea occurred to me.
30.(2017·太原测评)In order to make up the missing notes, he ________(try) his best to spend as much spare time as possible doing this job these days.
31.(2017·合肥第一次质检)—What a pity! I missed The Voice of China last night.
—Don't worry. It ________(broadcast) again this weekend.
32.(2017·成都第一次诊断)—Will you be available at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon?
—No. I ________ (attend) a lecture then.
33.(2017·山东威海期中)—You've left the light on.
—Oh, so I have. I ________(go) and turn it off.
34.(2017·山东青岛质检)The other day my father ________ (drop) in on me.
35.(2017·浙江温州第一次适应性测试)—How do you like the TV show “Daddy, Where Are We Going”?
—It made me laugh sometimes, yet not as much as I ________(expect).
36.(2017·北京海淀期末练习)—Can I come over in an hour?
—Sorry, I ________(clean) the house.
37.(2017·山东潍坊联考)It is reported that his new book ________(publish) by that company next year.
38.(2017·郑州第一次质量预测)—Have you read any novels written by the famous writer Mo Yan?
—Yes, of course. I ________(read) several of his works when I was studying abroad.
39.(2017·福建厦门质检)I'm afraid I can't recognize Ann when we meet, for I ________(see) her for 30 years.
40.(2017·河北石家庄教学质量检测)When residents learned on Wednesday that only one of the 13 workers trapped underground ________(survive), they burst into tears.
答案与解析
1.has seen 句意:在过去的十年,临沂见证了本地区旅游业的快速发展。现在临沂已经成为山东省第二大旅游城市。根据题干中的over the last decade 可推知设空处需用现在完成时。
2.smoked 句意:杰克现在不抽烟,但他过去抽了近20年。前后两句表示对比,设空处表示过去的习惯性动作,故用一般过去时。考生误认为“for+一段时间”是完成体的记号,其实不然,当表示一个行为持续到现在有多长时间时,才能用现在完成时;只有表示一个行为一直持续到过去有多长时间才用过去完成时。
3.missed 句意:要是我今天早晨早点起床就好了!我只以一分钟之差错过了那辆公共汽车,又等了半个小时才等来了另一辆。设空处介绍的是过去的情况,故用一般过去时。
4.takes 句意:——阳光出租车服务。我能帮您吗?——我要乘坐的航班上午11:30起飞,你能在9点前派一辆出租车吗?介绍飞机、火车等公共交通工具的时刻表常用一般现在时。
5.should reflect/reflected 句意:这种全国范围内的雾霾天气应该作为一个提醒,提醒我们所有的人:是时候对我们对环境的所作所为做出反省了。It is high time+that 从句,that 从句的谓语动词需用过去式或should+动词原形。
6.was stuck 句意:——那一定是次可怕的经历。——是的。当时我被卡在破损的车里动不了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。
7.cuts 句意:因为这个品牌的刀子很好用,所以它在顾客中很受欢迎。本句表示主语目前的某种属性特征,故用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意思,此外主语it 为单数第三人称,故cut 后需加“s”。
8.is being repainted 句意:——发生什么事了?房子乱七八糟的。——噢,我忘了告诉你了。这座房子正在重新粉刷。根据语境可知,设空处表示正在进行的动作,且主语it 与 repaint 之间为被动关系,故答案为is being repainted。
9.had happened 句意:那个女孩儿一直受肺癌之苦,然而我们在一起时她表现得好像什么都没发生过似的。as if 引导的从句中的谓语动词指过去的情况,故设空处需用过去完成时,happen 为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,故答案为had happened。
10.had been conducted 句意:这种药在应用在病人身上前,在动物身上做了很长时间的实验。experiments与conduct 之间为被动关系,故用被动语态;“做实验”先于“应用于病人”,故设空处需用过去完成时,故答案为had been conducted。
11.has been studying 句意:为了在即将来临的考试中获得好成绩,在过去的3周内我儿子每晚都学习到深夜。根据时间状语“in the past three weeks”可知设空处应该用现在完成进行时。
12.are interviewed 句意:——申请的步骤是什么?——在专家做出最后的决定之前所有的申请人得经过面试。本句介绍的是申请的步骤,属习惯性行为,故用一般现在时;applicants 与 interview 之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。
13.came 句意:——难道我没告诉你应该早一些回家吗?——告诉了,但是我比平时早回家了。双方谈话时回家已成为过去,故用过去时。
14.had worked 句意:怀特先生在上个月退休之前在我们学校已经工作了近40年。work 这一行为先于retired,表示“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
15.have been offered 句意:自从那个组织被建立起来,他们提供了大量的信息和一些及时的帮助。主语(Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help)和offer 之间为被动关系,故用被动语态;又根据since the organization was built 可知设空处需用现在完成时,根据主谓一致原则可知答案为have been offered。
16.will have 句意:——乔,早餐你想吃什么?——我想吃些面包,喝些牛奶。本空表示临时决定,故答案为will have。
17.will contribute 句意:这项工程的完成,将会对促进经济发展,减少贫困作出贡献。本句从句部分用现在时表示将来,主句需用一般将来时。
18.died 句意:Jacob Zuma 总统说:“纳尔逊·曼德拉于周四在他约翰内斯堡的家里平静地离世。”根据时间状语on Thursday 可知设空处需用一般过去时态。
19.were 句意:——我原以为你明天动身去度假。——我原计划明天动身,但明天我有一个非常重要的会议要参加。were leaving 表示过去计划、安排的事情。
20.have been removed 句意:到现在为止,数以千计的红色电话亭——英国的古老印象——由于手机的使用已被拆除。根据时间状语Up to now 可知设空处需用现在完成时;主语red phone boxes 与remove 之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。
21.have been 句意:——昨天晚上这条公路上发生的事故你听说了吗?——听说了。今年到现在为止这里已经发生三起事故了。根据时间状语“so far this year”可知,这里叙述的是延续到现在的情况,故用现在完成时。
22.go 句意:如果你进卧室,尽量不要吵醒孩子。在条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来,故填go。
23.lived 句意:——你似乎对这座城市很熟悉啊。——我在这里生活过3年。回来的感觉真好。根据语境可知,说话人只是在陈述在这里生活过3年的事实,故用一般过去时。
24.was expected 句意:——他能够在这次运动会的长跑比赛中获得冠军吗?——现在不可能了。原先还期望他能,但他刚刚伤了腿。根据句意可知,他过去被人们期待,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
25.were 题干中if条件句使用了过去完成时,且主句的谓语动词使用了would have done 结构,说明此处使用了虚拟语气,表示与过去的事实相反,那么at the time 表示“在那时”为表过去的时间状语,因此使用一般过去时。
26.clears 句意:到交通通畅的时候,我们的油都要用完了。依据By the time 和主句中的will 可知,从句中应用一般现在时态来表示将来。
27.offers 句意:有时赠送礼物比口头交流要好,因为它所提供的信息可以突破语言障碍。根据主从句谓语动词is 和 can 可知,此处用一般现在时。
28.feels 句意:生活就像洗热水澡。泡着很舒服,但泡得越久,你的皮肤就越皱。本句是在阐述人生的感情,系动词feel 应该用一般现在时。系动词没有被动语态。
29.was drinking 句意:我正在喝咖啡时突然想出来一个好主意。从occurred 可知主句表示过去的动作正在进行,故用过去进行时。
30.has been trying 句意:为了补丢失的笔记,他这些天一直在努力用尽可能多的业余时间做这项工作。根据句意及these days 可知,此处强调从过去某个时间开始到现在一直在做的事情,因此用现在完成进行时。
31.will be broadcast 句意:——多么遗憾啊! 我错过了昨天晚上的《中国好声音》。——别担心。这个周末还会重播的。根据语境和时间状语this weekend 可知,此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。
32.will be attending 句意:——明天下午三点你有空吗?——没有。那时我正听讲座呢。时间状语then 指的是问句中提到的“at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon”,表示将来某一时刻正在做某事,所以用将来进行时。
33.will go 根据答语可知,此处表示将来动作且表示说话时才做的决定,故用will go。而be going to do 表示事先的安排或计划。
34.dropped the other day 与一般过去时连用。
35.had expected 句意:——你认为电视节目《爸爸去哪儿》怎么样?——它有时会使我发笑,但是并没有我预料中的那样好。根据语境可知,“expect”预料的动作发生在“made”之前,即表示过去的过去,故用过去完成时。
36.will be cleaning 句意:——我一个小时之后过去可以吗?——对不起,那时我将正在打扫屋子。此处表示在将来的某个时候正在进行的动作,应用将来进行时。
37.will be published “书”与“出版”构成动宾关系,应使用被动语态,根据表将来的时间状语“next year”可知,应使用一般将来时。
38.read 句意:——你读过著名作家莫言写的小说吗?——当然读过。我在国外读书的时候就读了他的好几部作品。题干中有表示过去的时间状语从句,即“在国外读书的时候”,因此这里用一般过去时。
39.haven't seen 此处表示从过去到现在已经30年没见了,所以使用现在完成时。
40.had survived 句意:周三,当居民得知13名被困地下的工人中只有1名活了下来的时候,他们放声痛哭。survive 发生在learned 之前,故用过去完成时态。
创新预测
1.Hardly ________ she (get) home when it began to rain.
2.By the time I graduated from high school, I ________ (learn) five thousand English words.
3.If the train ________ (delay), we will have to wait at the station.
4.I'll give him the note as soon as he ________(come) back.
5.The flight ________(take) off at 8:30. We have to get to the airport before eight.
6.Over the past five months, I ________(be) busy with my business.
7.Up to now the construction work of the bridge ________(complete).
8.At eight o'clock tomorrow I ________(plant) trees on the slope.
9.The other day, the Smiths ________(pay) a visit to the Summer Palace.
10.At five o'clock yesterday, Mike ________(work) in the corn field.
11.When I got to the station, the passengers ________(board) the train.
12.—What's that terrible noise?
—A new building ________ (set) up.
13.So far my sister ________(collect) five thousand stamps.
14.The teacher said that the sun ________(rise) in the east.
15.Hurry up! The Greens ________(wait) for us at the gate.
16.He has been living a happy life since he ________ (recover) from his injury.
17.It won't be long before he ________(return) to his hometown.
18.By the time he comes back, I ________(finish) my homework.
19.The cloth of this kind ________(sell) well and it is popular with the young.
20.Next Sunday I ________(stay) at home doing housework.
答案与解析
1.had; got hardly had sb. done sth. when...为固定句型,意为“某人刚一……就……”。
2.had learned “by the time+过去的时间”作状语,主句用过去完成时。
3.is delayed 主句用一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时代替将来时,the train 与 delay之间为被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态形式。
4.comes 主句用一般将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时代替将来时。
5.takes 火车,航班等均为定点出发,故用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
6.have been over the past five months 与现在完成时连用。
7.has been completed up to now 与现在完成时连用。the construction work 与 complete 之间为被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态形式。
8.will be planting at eight o'clock tomorrow 与将来进行时连用。
9.paid the other day 与一般过去时连用。
10.was working at five o'clock yesterday 与过去进行时连用。
11.were boarding 表示过去特定时间在发生的事,用过去进行时。
12.is being set 根据问句可知,新楼正在被建,故用现在进行时的被动语态。
13.has collected so far 与现在完成时连用。
14.rises 客观真理与一般现在时连用。
15.are waiting 根据Hurry up 可知动作正在发生,故用现在进行时。
16.recovered 主句用现在完成进行时,since状语从句用一般过去时。
17.returns It won't be long before... 从句中用一般现在时。
18.will have finished “by+将来的时间”作状语,主句用将来完成时。
19.sells 表示状态或性能用一般现在时。
20.will stay next Sunday 与一般将来时连用。
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