【备战2016】高考英语典型试题精粹 专题十 定语从句

　　专题十　定语从句

　　高考精萃

　　1．(2017·北京卷)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.

　　2．(2017·天津卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ________ uses it differently.

　　3．(2017·山东卷)A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

　　4．(2017·重庆卷)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.

　　5．(2017·江苏卷)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.

　　6．(2017·浙江卷)I don't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.

　　7．(2017·福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.

　　8．(2017·安徽卷)The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.

　　9．(2017·湖南卷)I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.

　　10．(2017·陕西卷)Please send us all the information ______ you have about the candidate for the position.

　　11．(2017·四川卷)Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.

　　12．(2017·江西卷)Among the many dangers __________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.

　　13．(2017·辽宁卷)He may win the competition, in______case he is likely to get into the national team.

　　14．(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ________ I would be staying.

　　15．(2017·北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.

　　16．(2017·天津卷)We have launched another man­made satellite, ________ is announced in today's newspaper.

　　17．(2017·重庆卷)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.

　　18．(2017·山东卷)There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.

　　19．(2017·山东卷)Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.

　　20．(2017·浙江卷)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.

　　21．(2017·福建卷)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.

　　22．(2017·江苏卷)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.

　　23．(2017·安徽卷)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2017, ________ made one of the Chinese people's long­held dreams come true.

　　24．(2017·湖南卷)Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.

　　25．(2017·四川卷)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.

　　26．(2017·江西卷)He wrote a letter ________ he explains what had happened in the accident.

　　27．(2017·课标全国卷Ⅱ)That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

　　28．(2017·安徽卷)A lot of language learning, ________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

　　29．(2017·湖南卷)Care of the soul is a gradual process in ________ even the small details of life should be considered.

　　30．(2017·浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ________， for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.

　　答案与解析

　　1．which　句意：我上周从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。先行词为the

　　book Sherlock Holmes，从句中recommended后缺少宾语成分，故填关系代词which。

　　2．which　句意：英语是一种被好几种不同的文化都使用的语言，而且每一种文化使用它的方式也不同。设空处前后两部分之间既没有并列连词也没有从属连词，故后面部分应为定语从句，又因为先行词是cultures且关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以填which。

　　3．whose　句意：从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。先行词为company，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The company's profits from home markets are declining.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。

　　4．which/that　句意：一个月以后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。在本句中，先行词是the sales targets，关系代词在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以填关系代词which/that。设空处也可以不填，因为关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。

　　5．where　句意：这本书对我的日常交流很有帮助，尤其是在那些必须给人留下良好印象的工作中。根据句意填关系副词where。where 引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。

　　6．when　句意：我直到五年级才真正成为一个攀登者，那时，我爬到树上去拿一个被挂在树枝上的风筝。在本句中，先行词为the fifth grade，设空处在定语从句中作时间状语，故填when。

　　7．where　句意：学生应该参加社区活动，他们从中能获得成长经验。将先行词community activities代入定语从句后为：They can gain experience for growth from the community activities.由此可知关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。

　　8．which/that　句意：安杰拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是2008年。在本句中，先行词是the exact year，关系词在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故填which/that。

　　9．when　句意：我正期待着那一天的到来，那时我的女儿可以读这本书并且了解我对她的感情。在本句中，先行词为the day，关系词在从句中充当时间状语，故填when。

　　10．that　句意：请把你拥有的关于竞聘这个职位的那个候选人的所有信息发给我们。在本句中，先行词the information被all修饰，所以只能填关系代词that，而不填which。

　　11．which　句意：到目前为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子们筹款50,000英镑，这非常出乎我们的意料。根据句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以填which。

　　12．which/that　句意：在海员们不得不面对的许多危险中，最大的危险很可能是雾。在本句中，先行词为dangers，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Sailors have to face the dangers.由此可见，关系词在定语从句中作face的宾语，且指“物”，故填which/that。

　　13．which　句意：他有可能赢得这次比赛，假使那样的话，他有希望进入国家队。句子可改为：He may win the competition，and in that case he is likely to get into the national team.去掉并列连词and，用which替换that后变为一个非限制性定语从句。

　　14．where/in which　句意：在我到达后，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。先行词the house表示地点，还原到定语从句中为：I would be staying in the house.故应使用关系副词where或in which引导定语从句。

　　15．where/in which　句意：很多国家现在都在建立国家公园，在那里动植物能够受到保护。先行词为national parks，代入定语从句后为：In the national parks animals and plants can be protected.故使用表示地点的关系副词where或in which引导定语从句。

　　16．which/as　句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一句话，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用which/as引导。

　　17．whom　句意：约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分都是自家人。在定语从句中如果介词放在关系代词之前，且先行词指人时，从句中关系代词只能使用whom。

　　18．as　句意：科学往往就是这样，它没有一个简单的答案。空格处的引导词在从句中作主语，并引导非限制性定语从句。

　　19．which/that　句意：他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。定语从句修饰的先行词是island，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词表示“物”，可以用which或that引导。

　　20．where/on which　句意：博物馆将在春天开放，届时将有一个展览和一个观景平台。参观者可以在那个观景台上观看正在建设的大温室(玻璃暖房)。先行词为a viewing platform，将其代入定语从句后为：Visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built on the viewing platform.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where/on which。

　　21．whose　句意：这本书从生活遭受地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。将先行词those代入定语从句后为：The lives of those were affected.由此可知先行词在从句中和lives是所属关系，从句中缺少定语，故填whose。

　　22．which　句意：世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结，他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。先行词是a passion for China，且在定语从句中作starting 的宾语，要用关系代词，在非限制性定语从句中用which。

　　23．which　句意：莫言被授予2017年诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成了现实。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句。

　　24．who　句意：幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身长处的人。先行词为those，将先行词代入非限制性定语从句后为：Those are good at recognizing their own strengths.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作主语，且表示“人”，故用who。本题易误填that。当先行词是指人的不定代词，如：one，ones，anyone，those，all，nobody等时，用who不用that。

　　25．where/in which　句意：现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。先行词是environment，将先行词代入定语从句后为：They live in the environment.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where/in which 引导。

　　26．where/in which　句意：他写了一封信，信中他解释了事故中发生了什么。将先行词letter代入定语从句后为：He explained what had happened in the accident in the letter.由此可知从句中缺少状语，应该用关系副词where或in which。

　　27．which　句意：那晚我工作到很晚，稍后我会告诉你更多关于那晚的事。先行词为that evening，将先行词代入非限制性定语从句后为：I will tell you more about that evening later. 由此可见关系词在定语从句中作about

　　的宾语，且表示“物”，故用which引导。本题易误填when，考生只看到先行词为表示时间的名词，但没有注意到先行词在定语从句中的功能。

　　28．as　句意：正如人们所发现的那样，许多语言学习是在人出生后的第一年发生的，所以在那段时期父母应该跟孩子多说话。根据句子结构可知，空格处所填词为非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词为A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life，关系词在定语从句中作主语，且定语从句作为插入语放在了句子中，故答案为as，意为：正如。

　　29．which　句意：对心灵的关爱是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中即使最细微的生活细节都应该被考虑在内。考查“介词＋which”引导的定语从句。先行词为a gradual process，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Even the small details of life should be considered in the gradual process.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，所以填which。

　　30．who　句意：埃伦是一个专画鸟类和自然风景的画家。由于某种原因，她远离了人类社会。此题考查非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Ellen。因为关系词指人并且在从句中作主语，所以只能用who。

　　模拟精选

　　1．(2017·沈阳质监一)—When did you first read Mo Yan's stories?

　　—In 2005 ________ I was attending high school.

　　2．(2017·山东潍坊一模)Life is like an onion, ________ sometimes makes you weep when you try opening it.

　　3．(2017·江苏苏锡常镇四市调研一)In the fast­moving information age，teenagers should keep pace with the media environment ________ they communicate with the outside world.

　　4．(2017·陕西宝鸡质检二)Officials of our city are considering a law ________ would require pet owners to put microchips in their animals.

　　5．(2017·山东潍坊联考)Mo Yan，most of ________ novels have been adapted for films，is now a world­famous writer.

　　6．(2017·山东青岛质检)The result was not the same as they had expected,

　　________ was rather disappointing.

　　7．(2017·北京东城统一检测)Most of my friends shop at the stores ________ the goods are very cheap.

　　8．(2017·成都二诊)The school library is a resource ________ you can take advantage to make progress.

　　9．(2017·北京海淀期末练习)This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ________ many others are short of.

　　10．(2017·福州质量检测)Whether you like it or not，we live in a community ________ online chatting is an important part of communication.

　　11．(2017·福州毕业班质检)The Voice of China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music, ________ some have stood out among them.

　　12．(2017·陕西质量检测一)The living standard of the people in China, ________ is shown in the report, has improved over the past decades.

　　13．(2017·杭州高考科目教学质检)Each graduate standing on the playground, ________ was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.

　　14．(2017·合肥第一次质检)The mother thanked the young man again and again, without ________ help her son would have been killed by the passing car.

　　15．(2017·浙江名校联盟第一次联考)My grandmother lived in a generation ________ women were looked down upon.

　　16．(2017·南京一模)—How do you understand life?

　　—It is a constant match ________ the greatest opponent is yourself.

　　17．(2017·成都第一次诊断)American students take part in a wide variety of after­school activities ________ they develop their social skills.

　　18．(2017·江西赣州十二县重点中学期中)He is such a lazy man ________ nobody wants to work with.

　　19．(2017·济南高考模拟)Salina wants to find a job ________ she can use what she has learned at school.

　　20．(2017·辽宁锦州期末)Drive­ins have large parking lots ________ customers are served in their cars by waitresses.

　　答案与解析

　　1．when　分析句子结构可知，2005年是先行词，在定语从句中充当的是时间状语，故用关系副词when 引导。

　　2．which　句意：生活就像一个洋葱，当你尝试着剥开它时，它有时候会让你流泪。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词an onion，在从句中做主语。

　　3．where/in which　此处为定语从句，先行词为the media environment，在从句中做地点状语。

　　4．that/which　此处为定语从句，修饰先行词a law; 因先行词指物，且关系词在从句中充当主语，所以用that 或 which 引导该定语从句。

　　5．whose　分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词指人，且关系词在从句中做novels 的定语，因此用whose 引导该定语从句。

　　6．which　句意：结果与他们当初预料的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。这里用which 引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词which 指代空前的整句内容并在从句中做主语。

　　7．where/in which　根据句子结构判断，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the stores, 且空处在从句中做状语，表示地点，所以要用where/in which。

　　8．of which　此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，take advantage of 表示“利用”，根据该搭配可知，应填of which。

　　9．that/which　句意：这家餐馆有一种诱人的、如家一般的氛围，这是很多其他餐馆所没有的。这里需要用关系代词引导定语从句，且指物并在从句中做宾语，因此填that 或which。

　　10．where/in which　句意：不管你是否喜欢，在我们生活的这个社会，网上聊天是人际交流的一个重要部分。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a community，并在从句中做地点状语，因此用where/in which 引导。

　　11．where/on which　句意：《中国好声音》为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台。在这个舞台上，一些人从中脱颖而出。分析句子成分可知，“________ some have stood out among them”是定语从句，修饰先行词stage，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where 引导，相当于on which。

　　12．as　句意：正如报告所显示的，中国人民的生活水平在过去的几十年里得到了改善。这里用as 引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词as 指代主句的内容并在从句中做主语。

　　13．who　句意：每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发文凭。这里需要用关系代词引导定语从句，并在从句中做主语，指人，故用who 引导。

　　14．whose　句意：这位母亲一次又一次地感谢这个年轻人，如果没有他的帮助，她的儿子就被过往的汽车撞死了。分析句子成分可知，此处应用whose 修饰名词help，引导非限制性定语从句。

　　15．when/in which　句意：我的祖母生活在一个妇女被看不起的时代。此处用when 引导定语从句，修饰先行词generation, 在从句中做时间状语，相当于in which。

　　16．where/in which　句意：——你如何理解生活？——它是一场没有尽头的比赛，在这个比赛中最大的对手是你自己。根据句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是a constant match, 空处在定语从句中充当地点状语，故用关系副词where 引导，相当于in which。

　　17．where/in which　空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词activities，且空处在从句中做地点状语，所以用where 引导，相当于in which。

　　18．as　句意：他是个如此懒惰的人，以至于没有人想和他一起工作。such...that... 引导结果状语从句，that 只起连接作用，从句中不缺少成分。such...as... 中as 引导限制性定语从句，as 为关系代词，在从句中做主语、宾语等。

　　19．where/in which　句意：Salina 想找一份能用上她在学校学的知识的工作。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a job 并在定语从句中做地点状语，因此该空可填in which 或 where。

　　20．where　句意：“免下车”餐厅有很大的停车场，顾客可以在自己的汽车里接受女侍者的服务。large parking lots 是地点，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填where。

　　创新预测

　　1．With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in ________ village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.

　　2．He didn't keep his word, ________ made me upset.

　　3．Mr. Luke, in ________ supermarket we bought an iPad last week, will give us a report on how to choose a career this evening.

　　4．Tango is a passionate dance, ________ brings the dancers together in a way that words can't express.

　　5．The real­name policy for train tickets has been applied to all trains since January 1,2017 in China, ________ will make it easy for people to get tickets.

　　6．—Where did you see the movie Life of Pi directed by Ang Lee?

　　—It was in the cinema ________ I regularly go.

　　7．What do you think of the reason ________ he gave at the meeting yesterday?

　　8．London successfully held the Olympic Games opening ceremony in 2017, ________ is really impressive and beyond people's imagination.

　　9．________ is shown in the report, teenager problems are often connected with family life education.

　　10．Eleven people got killed in the accident, ________ the identities haven't been available.

　　11．His younger sister may already be in high school now, in ________ case this picture book is too childish for her.

　　12．My daughter, ________ job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home a lot.

　　13．Amanda hopes to live a simple life ________ she can just enjoy her activities rather than rushing to meet the dealine.

　　14．There are a couple of art galleries in the city ________ exhibitions are worth visiting.

　　15．________ is often the case, he comes to life when it comes to playing football.

　　16．Living in the mountain area has its problems, of ________ obtaining water is a big one.

　　17．Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have led to changes in the law.

　　18．Few people would take an active part in a society ________ culture is so different from their own.

　　19．China's population is expected to increase to about 1.5 billion in 2040, after ________ it will start to decline slowly.

　　20．I have been looking forward to the day, ________ I am admitted to a key university.

　　答案与解析

　　1．whose　句意：随着农业的快速发展，在她10年前教书的村子里，人们一直过着幸福的生活。in whose village＝in people's village, 关系词在从句中作定语，所以填whose。

　　2．which　which 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。

　　3．whose　句意：上周我们在他的超市里购买iPad 的那个Luke 先生今天晚上要给我们作关于择业的讲座。关系词在从句中作定语修饰supermarket，用whose。

　　4．which　句意：探戈是一种热情奔放的舞蹈，它以一种难以用语言表达的方式把跳舞者聚在一起。先行词是dance，从句为非限制性定语从句，且关系词作主语，用which。

　　5．which　句意：从2017年1月1日以来，在中国实名制购买火车票制度已应用到了所有的火车上，这将会让人们买票变得容易。根据语境可知此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语且指代前面整个主句所表达的内容，故应该用关系代词which。

　　6．where/to which　句意：——你是在哪儿看的李安导演的电影《少年派的奇幻漂流》的？——就是在我常去的那家电影院。定语从句中不缺主语也不缺宾语，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，要用关系副词where 或 to which。

　　7．that/which　句意：你认为他在昨天的会上给出的那个理由怎么样？定语从句修饰的先行词是the reason，关系词在从句中作宾语，应该用关系代词that/which。

　　8．which　句意：伦敦成功举办了2017年奥林匹克运动会的开幕式，给人们留下了深刻的印象，超出了人们的想象。考查which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which 在从句中作主语。

　　9．As　句意：正如报告中所表明的那样，青少年问题经常和家庭生活教育有关。as 引导非限制性定语从句时，位置比较灵活，而且可以意为“正如”。

　　10．of whom　句意：在这次事故中，11人死亡，他们的身份还没有被确定。of whom the identities＝whose identities 指“死者的身份”。

　　11．which　句意：他妹妹现在可能已经上高中了，这样的话，这本图画书对她来说就太幼稚了。in which case...＝and in this/that case...。

　　12．whose　句意：我的女儿总不在家，因为她的工作需要经常出差。关系词在从句中作定语，所以填whose。

　　13．where　句意；Amanda 希望过简单的生活，在这样的生活里她可以只做自己喜欢的事情不是忙着赶工期。关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。

　　14．whose　句意：在这座城市里有几个美术馆，其中的展品值得观看。因为关系词在从句中作定语，所以填whose。

　　15．As　as is often the case 意为“情况常常如此”，为定语从句的特殊句式，需牢记。

　　16．which　先行词为物，定语从句用介词＋which 引导。

　　17．where　先行词为 cases，定语从句中缺状语，故用 where 引导。

　　18．whose　whose 引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。

　　19．which　先行词为物，定语从句用介词＋which 引导。

　　20．when　先行词为时间名词，定语从句中缺状语，故用 when 引导。