2017届高考英语（牛津译林版）一轮复习课时提升作业：(十四) 必修5 Unit 2 The Environment

　　课时提升作业(十四)

　　必修5　Unit 2

　　(建议用时30分钟)

　　. 单项填空

　　1. (2017·扬州中学模拟)Maria ________ the interviewers with her knowledge and experience, and as a result she was offered the job.

　　A. provided B. inspired

　　C. persuaded

　　D. impressed

　　【解析】选D。句意: 玛丽亚用知识和经验给面试官们留下了深刻的印象, 因此她得到了这份工作。impress sb. with sth. 用……给某人留下深刻的印象, 符合本题题意。provide提供; inspire鼓励, 激励; persuade说服, 都不合题意。

　　【加固训练】

　　(2017·莆田模拟) ________ with the performance by Lily, the judges gave her a high score.

　　A. Impressing B. Being impressed

　　C. Impressed

　　D. Having impressed

　　【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。be impressed with对……留下深刻印象, 主语the judges是动词impress的动作承受者, 故用过去分词作状语, 表原因, 相当于原因状语从句Because the judges were impressed with the performance by Lily。

　　2. (2017·温州模拟)—We ________ gas. I’m afraid we can’t go much further.

　　—I know there’s a gas station ahead. Sure it will last out till we get there.

　　A. run out

　　B. are running out

　　C. are running out of

　　D. have run out of

　　【解析】选C。考查时态和动词短语辨析。句意: ——我们快要用完汽油了, 恐怕我们不能再向前走了。——我知道前面有一个加油站, 剩余的油还可以让我们坚持到那里。此处为现在进行时表示“将来”的概念, 表示“汽油快用完了”。run out意为“用完, 耗尽(某物)”, 后面接宾语时须加上of。

　　【加固训练】

　　—Our gas ________ . I’m afraid we can’t go much further.

　　—I know there’s a gas station ahead. Sure it will last out till we get there.

　　A. runs out

　　B. is running out

　　C. is running out of

　　D. has run out of

　　【解析】选B。考查时态和动词短语辨析。句意: ——我们的汽油快要用完了, 恐怕我们不能再向前走了。——我知道前面有一个加油站, 剩余的油还可以让我们坚持到那里。此处为现在进行时表示“将来”的概念, 表示“汽油快用完了”。run out意为“用完, 耗尽”。主语为Our gas, 所以要用run out。run out后面接宾语时须加上of。

　　3. This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.

　　A. division

　　B. area

　　C. range

　　D. circle

　　【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意: 这家餐馆越来越出名是由于它做的各种各样的食物适合各种口味和消费水平的人群。division分隔, 隔离; area地区; range同一种类之中的一系列; circle圈。a range of强调一个系列, 而a wide range of意为“各种各样的”, 符合题意。

　　4. —What does the model plane look like?

　　—Well, the length of its wings is ________ of its body.

　　A. more than twice the length

　　B. twice more than

　　C. more than twice that

　　D. twice the length

　　【解析】选C。考查倍数表达法。句意: ——这架飞机模型是什么样子的? ——它的机翼的长度是机身长度的两倍多。此题使用了倍数表达句型, 先说倍数再说其他, 且为避免重复用that代指上文出现的名词the length。5. —Shall I keep an eye on your house when you are on holiday?

　　— ________ .

　　A. It’s up to you B. Of course you should

　　C. If you should like

　　D. I would appreciate that

　　【解析】选D。考查交际用语。句意: ——你度假时, 要我帮你照看房子吗? ——不胜感激。It’s up to you你说了算; Of course you should当然应该; If you should like如果你愿意; I would appreciate that不胜感激。根据语境可知, 只有D项符合英语表达习惯。

　　6. There is some doubt among people ________ $750 is too much for an iPhone 6.

　　A. that

　　B. whether

　　C. what

　　D. if

　　【解析】选B。考查同位语从句。句意: 人们有些疑问, 750美元是不是对于一部iPhone 6太贵了。此处是名词doubt的同位语从句, doubt表示“疑惑, 怀疑”, 同位语从句应用whether引导, if不可引导名词性从句。

　　【拓展延伸】doubt后接从句的用法小结

　　(1)doubt作动词后接宾语从句

　　①在否定句和疑问句中, doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句。例如:

　　I don’t doubt that he can finish the task on time.

　　我相信他能按时完成任务。

　　Do you doubt that she will succeed?

　　你怀疑她会成功吗?

　　②在肯定句中, doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。例如:

　　I doubt whether they can swim across the river.

　　我怀疑他们能否游过河去。

　　He doubts if she will keep her word.

　　他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。

　　注意: 在肯定句中, doubt后面也可以接that引导的宾语从句, 但表示疑虑较大或“不相信”。例如:

　　We doubt that they can complete the work ahead of time. 我们不相信他们能提前完成这项工作。

　　(2)doubt作名词后接同位语从句

　　①doubt用在否定句中, 后面接that引导的同位语从句。例如:

　　There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.

　　毫无疑问, 他们在这件事上会同意你的意见的。

　　②doubt用在肯定句中, 后面接whether引导的同位语从句。注意不可以用if替换whether。例如:

　　There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match.

　　他们的足球队会不会赢得这场比赛还不能肯定。

　　7. When ________ to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, ________ nervous or anxious.

　　A. exposed; felt B. exposing; felt

　　C. exposed; feeling

　　D. exposing; feeling

　　【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。第一空题干的主语是men, 为exposed的动作承受者, 故应用过去分词; 第二空men也是feel的动作执行者, 作原因状语, 故用现在分词。

　　8. There are ________ many great newscasters that it’s difficult to ________ .

　　A. such; pick one out B. so; pick one out

　　C. so; pick out one

　　D. such; pick out one【解析】选B。句意: 有这么多著名的主持人, 很难从中挑选出一位。由many great newscasters可排除A和D, 当宾语是代词时, 要放在动词和副词之间, 选B。

　　9. (2017·莆田模拟)The fact ________ she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.

　　A. where B. of which

　　C. what

　　D. that【解析】选D。考查同位语从句。句意: 她似乎发展很正常, 这个事实很令人鼓舞。that引导同位语从句, 说明fact的内容。

　　【加固训练】

　　What had a great influence on her reputation is ________ she told a lie.

　　A. whether B. what

　　C. that

　　D. how

　　【解析】选C。考查表语从句的引导词。句意: 对她的声誉产生很大影响的是她说谎了。系动词be后为表语从句, 从句句子成分和意思完整, 所以要用that引导。

　　10. (2017·徐州模拟)He accidentally ________ that he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.

　　A. let out

　　B. took care

　　C. made sure

　　D. made out

　　【解析】选A。句意: 他无意间透露出他和妻子吵架了, 已经有几个星期没有回家了。let out泄露, 透露(消息等); take care小心(不能带宾语); make sure确信, 务必; make out辨认出, 理解, 了解。

　　11. (2017·苏州中学模拟)It is easy to ________ my car from others in the parking place; it has an advertisement about Panasonic TV on the back of it.

　　A. make up

　　B. find out

　　C. pick up

　　D. pick out

　　【解析】选D。句意: 在停车场认出我的车很容易, 它的后面有松下电视的广告。make up编造; find out发现; pick up拾起; pick out认出, 挑选出。

　　12. Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ________ whenever she tries to.

　　A. in the way B. on the way

　　C. in a way

　　D. by the way

　　【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意: 史密斯太太觉得很难把杂乱的东西收拾好, 因为无论她什么时候试图整理, 她的孩子们总是碍手碍脚。in the way挡道; on the way在途中; in a way在某种程度上; by the way附带说说, 顺便提一下。

　　13. From the teacher’s patient explanation, I have learnt what a big responsibility ________ is to educate us.

　　A. this

　　B. that

　　C. it

　　D. one

　　【解析】选C。考查it作形式主语。句意: 从老师耐心的讲解中, 我了解到教育我们是多么重大的责任啊。句中have learnt后面是由what引导的感叹句, it是形式主语, 动词不定式短语是真正的主语。

　　14. (2017·南京师大附中模拟)Mark lives in a big pleasant room ________ approximately 5 meters by 6 meters.

　　A. measures B. measuring

　　C. to be measured

　　D. having measured

　　【解析】选B。句意: 马克住在一个面积大约为5×6米的很大而又舒服的房间里。本句中的动词measure可以作为及物动词, 表示“测量; 估量”; 也可以表示“距离(或长度、宽度、数量等)为……”。本句中的measure表示的就是“距离(或长度、宽度、数量等)为……”, 动词measure与前面的名词room构成逻辑上的主动关系, 故使用现在分词短语measuring approximately 5 meters by 6 meters来修饰前面的名词room。

　　【拓展延伸】

　　除了动词measure在表示“某物有……长(宽、高等)”含义时没有被动语态和进行时态形式外, 下列动词(短语)也适用于本规律, 它们是: consist of(由……组成); belong to(属于); date back to(追溯到); break out(爆发, 突然发生); stand/lie(表示静止状态, 意为“某物位于某处”)以及taste, feel, look, smell, sound等感官动词; stay, keep, remain(作系动词, 表示“保持, 仍然”)。例如:

　　Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ________ fresh for several days.

　　A. be stayed

　　B. stay

　　C. be staying

　　D. have stayed

　　【解析】选B。stay在句中为系动词, 意为“保持”, 没有进行时态和被动语态形式。

　　15. Christine is ________ about anything but her dress as she doesn’t really care about what she looks like in the eyes of others.

　　A. cautious B. optimistic

　　C. particular

　　D. curious

　　【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。句意: Christine对她所穿的衣服根本不在意, 因为她真的不在乎别人怎么看她。cautious谨慎的, 小心的; optimistic乐观的; particular挑剔的, be particular about对……挑剔; curious好奇的。anything but除……之外任何事(物)都……, 根本不……。

　　. 阅读理解

　　Now scientists believe that global warming affects hibernating animals, causing them to wake up earlier. While this may seem a little concern, it is in fact a significant environmental problem. The shortened hibernation period could actually lead to significant declines in the population of several species.

　　Some of the first concrete evidence of the phenomenon came from Colorado, where researchers at the Rocky Mountain Biological lab have been observing marmot(旱獭)hibernation behavior since the 1970s. In the early days of their studies, marmots generally hibernated several weeks into the month of May. Nowadays, however, temperatures in the area have risen by 2. 5 degrees Fahrenheit, and the marmots wake up about a month earlier.

　　At least the marmots are still hibernating. Several other animals have not been hibernating at all recently. Brown bears in the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains did not hibernate last year. In parts of the United States, chipmunks(花鼠)also skipped the hibernation period. The bears seem to have survived without losing many individuals. The chipmunks, however, were not so lucky. Many of the animals died of starvation during the winter.

　　The problem with animals waking up early, or skipping hibernation altogether, lies with the creatures’ metabolism(新陈代谢). When the animals hibernate, their metabolism drops significantly. The animals’ heart rate slows, and they require very little energy to live. When the animals awake from their winter slumber, their metabolism returns to normal.

　　But while their metabolism may be as active as it was before hibernation, food sources aren’t as available as they were before. A marmot may wake up when temperatures get warmer, thinking it’s spring, but plants will not have got the amount of sun they need to signal their spring period of growth. So until the plants grow, the marmots have no reliable food source.

　　Many scientists believe the problem will continue to get worse. In addition to changes in hibernation patterns, some believe that other animals will also begin to change their migration patterns or begin to give birth earlier. For many biologists, that’s a scary prospect. Terry Root, an animal expert at Stanford University, said, “I do think what we will be facing is the extinction of many species. ”

　　【文章大意】全球变暖带来的连锁反应是多方面的, 其中之一就是导致一些冬眠动物的冬眠期缩短, 这会给这些动物带来巨大的影响。

　　1. What is the viewpoint of the writer?

　　A. Global warming will continue to get worse as time goes on.

　　B. Global warming will lead to shortened hibernation of some animals.

　　C. Shortened hibernation will result in declines in the population of animals.

　　D. Some animals will skip hibernation altogether.

　　【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话可知答案为C。

　　2. The writer sets the example of the marmot so as to ________ .

　　A. explain that global warming influences animals’ hibernation

　　B. indicate that the weather gets warmer and warmer now

　　C. show that the weather in the United States is quite different

　　D. say some animals do not hibernate now due to warm weather

　　【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知作者是想借这个例子来说明全球变暖使得动物的冬眠期缩短了。

　　3. The underlined word “slumber” in the fourth paragraph means“ ________ ”.

　　A. weather　

　　　B. activityC. nestD. sleep

　　【解析】选D。词义猜测题。联系本句中的awake from可知答案为D项。

　　4. Why can’t marmots find enough food when they wake up?

　　A. Because there are too many marmots in the wild now.

　　B. Because plants haven’t received enough sunlight for spring growth.

　　C. Because winter days end much earlier than before.

　　D. Because more and more animal species skip hibernation now.

　　【解析】选B。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的but plants will not have got the amount of sun they need to signal their spring period of growth可知答案为B项。

　　5. Terry Root holds a(n) ________ attitude towards the future of animals.

　　A. optimistic

　　B. doubtful

　　C. pessimistic

　　D. sensitive

　　【解析】选C。观点态度题。根据文章最后一句话I do think what we will be facing is the extinction of many species. 可以看出他是持悲观态度。

　　. 任务型阅读

　　(2017·南京模拟)

　　请认真阅读下面短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意: 每个空格只填一个单词。

　　Socrates—an ancient Greek philosopher

　　Socrates was an ancient Greek philosopher, who helped to shape Greek beliefs. The ideas he created are present in our culture today.

　　Socrates was a person full of curiosity. From the time he was a young man, Socrates searched for wisdom and truth. He gained wisdom by asking questions. Many people in Athens thought that they had answers. Socrates asked them questions and argued with them about different topics. He did not think they had the knowledge they claimed to have.

　　Socrates challenged false ideas people had about things like justice, love, or courage. He would break down the ideas people held. Then he built new and more accurate ideas. Socrates felt that this was what philosophy was all about. Since then, many great philosophers have used this method to find truth.

　　Throughout his life, Socrates showed no interest in money. He was also not interested in material items. Socrates would allow groups of men to listen to him speak. And he would never take money from them. He always wore the same clothes whatever the season. Socrates argued that his life was better because he had no material wealth. He felt he enjoyed his food more. He said he was stronger and healthier because he was not affected by the weather. He believed happiness came not from having more but from wanting less.

　　By the end of the fifth century BC, Athens was not a great city any more. Politicians betrayed Athens. Socrates had made many people angry over the years. He had always expressed his opinions when he thought laws and policies were wrong. Athens had a new group of political leaders in power, who didn’t want to hear Socrates’ comments about them. They thought Socrates had a bad influence on the young people of Athens. Socrates was also accused of not worshipping the right gods. Charges were brought against Socrates. The politicians wanted to condemn Socrates to death. Socrates’ friends told him to leave Athens. They thought this was the only way for him to save his life. Socrates refused. He did not behave as most people in his situation would. Socrates said that he had always lived by the rules of Athens and he would continue to do this. He insisted on standing trial for his “crime”. Socrates knew he was not guilty of anything. The reason why he was charged was because he was different from others. Although people respected him, he also had made many people angry, so the jury(陪审团)said Socrates was guilty.

　　When faced with the death penalty, a person could leave Athens forever. Most people chose to leave rather than die. Socrates was not like most people. Instead of telling the jury that he would go, he told them he deserved a reward. Socrates believed he had done a great service by making people think. Socrates said that he tried to “persuade every one of you not to think of what he had but rather of what he was, and how he might grow wise and good. ”The jury did not change its mind. Socrates was executed. He died when he drank hemlock, which is poisonous.

　　Socrates was the first great Greek philosopher. He also helped to shape other philosophers that came after him. Plato, who got his start by studying with Socrates, and Aristotle, who studied with Plato, also changed Western civilization. Asking questions to discover the truth is still practiced today. And schools even today still teach this method to students.

　　Socrates—an ancient Greek philosopher

　　Brief introduction Socrates, an ancient Greek philosopher whose ideas still

　　(1) ________ in our culture today.

　　Unique personalities

　　A simple person who(3) ________ spiritual wealth to material wealth

　　A courageous person who presented a(4) ________ to false ideas

　　A thoughtful person whose new and more accurate ideas

　　(5) ________ other philosophers to seek truth

　　Unfair accusations He always(6) ________ on laws and policies.

　　He didn’t show(7) ________ for the right gods.

　　Glorious death (8) ________ from others, he chose to die rather than leave.

　　Faced with death, he was committed to(9) ________ people into thinking deeply.

　　Great(10)______ Socrates was a pioneer of Greek philosophy.

　　Asking questions to discover the truth is still practiced today.

　　答案: 1. exist　2. curious　3. preferred　4. challenge5. helped　6. commented　7. respect　8. Different/Distinguished　9. persuading/talking10. influence(s)/impact(s)

　　【技法导练】

　　阅读理解——巧妙运用“扫读”技巧, 快速定位关键信息

　　“扫读”是一种快速阅读的解题技巧, 指的是带有预定目的寻找文章中的相关信息, 从而快速确定答案的技巧。在扫读过程中, 我们忽略与题目要求不相关的信息, 寻找具体相关的事实信息。此方法主要针对主旨大意题和词义猜测题。

　　“扫读”一般分“三步”进行。第一步: 阅读题干, 明确要求; 第二步: 扫读短文, 查找相关信息; 第三步: 确定关键词语, 定位答案。例如阅读理解第3题, 根据题干The underlined word “slumber” in the fourth paragraph要求, 快速扫读到第段, 确定关键词语“”及“”就可判断出答案为。四waking up early

　　awake from

　　D