甘肃省兰州市2016届高考一轮英语阅读理解和短文改错自练（3）及答案

　　阅读理解, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　Good morning. The program today is about music.The word “music” comes from the Greek word “muse”. The Muses are the goddesses of the arts. Music is only one of the arts. It is like the spoken language, but it uses sounds. Today’s program brings together music from different corners of the world.Who invented music? Who sang the first song? No one knows exactly the answers to these questions. But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyone’s life. Babies and young children love to hear people singing to them. When they are a little older, they like to sing the songs they have heard.When children go to school, their world of music grows. In the middle grades students take music lessons. When they reach high school, they become more and more interested in listening to pop music.

　　The records we have chosen for you today are from American country music, Indian music, pop music and so on. Music has different meanings for everyone. It can make people happy or it can make them sad.Music is now heard everywhere, in shops and buses and at home. In this program we shall study the language of music.We shall be trying to find out more about how music works. We shall try to find out how music says what people feel. It is worth making the effort. Only then can we say why one piece of music is good and another is bad.

　　Now, here comes the music today, I shall explain why they are all good music...

　　1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

　　A．Some knowledge about music.

　　B．The origin of music.

　　C．Something about the announcer.

　　D．Some questions about music.

　　2. Which of the following is NOT the purpose of this music program?

　　A．To study the language of music.

　　B．To learn more about music.

　　C．To find out how music expresses people’s feelings.

　　D．To tell us we should listen to music every day.

　　3. Why should we study music a lot according to the text?

　　A．To tell whether a piece of music is good or not.

　　B．To learn about the development of music.

　　C．To have a talent for music.

　　D．To know more about the society.

　　4. What does the announcer think about the function of music in our life?

　　A．It is important to almost everyone.

　　B．It is necessary for the young.

　　C．It plays a great role when we are children.

　　D．It decides our future.[解题导语]　本文主要讨论了一个主要涉及世界各地的音乐的节目，然后对音乐进行了阐述。

　　1．解析：选A。主旨大意题。第一段主要讨论了这个节目主要涉及世界各地的音乐，然后对音乐进行了阐述。故选A。

　　2．解析：选D。细节理解题。A、B、C三项在第二段中都提到了，文章未提及D项。故选D。

　　3．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句Only then can we say why one piece of music is good and another is bad.可知。4．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段的But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyone’s life.以及下文的内容可知。

　　In business, there is a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy（策略）and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size .Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.

　　In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track, What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.

　　How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.

　　In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.

　　Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . That kind of strategy must come from the top.

　　(

　　) 1. What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A. Increase the speed.

　　B. Get an advantage.

　　C. Reach the limit.

　　D. Set a goal.

　　(

　　) 2. The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means ___________.

　　A. spending more time and performing worse.

　　B. spending more time and performing better

　　C. spending less time and performing worse

　　D. spending less time and performing better

　　(

　　) 3. What can we learn from the text?

　　A. how fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.

　　B. how competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.

　　C. Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.

　　D. Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.

　　(

　　) 4. Which could be the best title for the text?

　　A. Improve quality? Serve better.

　　B. Deliver value? Plough ahead.

　　C. Reduce time? Move faster.

　　D. Need speed? Slow down.

　　【参考答案】1---4、BDCD

　　阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　体裁：说明文　话题：语言学习　时间：7分钟

　　A person's nose is important for breathing and smelling.The nose is also used in many popular expressions.

　　Some people can lead other people by the nose.For example，if a wife leads her husband by the nose，she makes him do whatever she wants him to do.

　　Some people are said to be hard­nosed.They will not change their opinions or positions on anything.If someone is hard­nosed，chances are he will never pay through the nose，or pay too much money，for an object or service.

　　It is always helpful when people keep their nose out of other people's business.They do not interfere.The opposite of this is someone who noses around all the time.This kind of person is interested in other people's private matters.He is considered nosey.

　　More problems can develop if a person looks down his nose at someone or something.The person acts like something is unimportant or worthless.This person might also turn up his nose at something that he considers not good enough.This person thinks he is better than everyone else.He has his nose in the air.

　　In school，some students thumb their nose at their teacher.They refuse to obey orders or do any work.Maybe these students do not know the correct answers.My mother always told me，if you study hard，the answers should be right under your nose or easily seen.

　　I think we have explained the nose expressions.What about ears? Well，I hope you are all ears or very interested in hearing more expressions.We might even put a bug in your ear or give you an idea about something.We also advise you to keep your ear to the ground.This means to be interested in what is happening around you and what people are thinking.

　　If you are a good person，you will lend an ear to your friends.You will listen to them when they have a problem they need to talk about.

　　【语篇导读】　本文主要介绍了与nose和ear有关的一些习语。

　　1．If we say a man paid through the nose，we mean ______.

　　A．he judged the quality of things by smelling

　　B．he bought something he disliked

　　C．he bought something very expensive

　　D．he overpaid for something he bought

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话可知，“pay through the nose”与“pay too much money”同义，意思是“多花钱，付高价”。故选择D项。

　　答案　D

　　2．If a person is interested in other people's private matters，he may ______.

　　A．nose around all the time

　　B．keep his nose out of other people's things

　　C．turn up his nose at others

　　D．keep his ear to the ground

　　解析　细节理解题。由第四段中的第三、四句话可知，nose around“探查，打探”，此处表示对别人的私事非常感兴趣，符合题意，故选A。

　　答案　A

　　3．When your friend wants to share something with you，you should ______.

　　A．put a bug in his ear

　　B．look down your nose at him

　　C．lend an ear to him

　　D．lead him by the nose

　　解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，当你的朋友需要谈一些问题时，你应该倾听他的诉说。故lend an ear to sb“倾听，聆听”，符合题意。

　　答案　C

　　4．In which sentence is the expression not used properly?

　　A．We have a real hard­nosed boss，who always stands firm in his opinions.

　　B．Sometimes true love is right under your nose.

　　C．We were all ears，but he forgot what he wanted to say.

　　D．It is important for us to thumb our nose at our parents.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第六段前两句可知，学生拒绝服从老师的命令或做一些事时，会对他们的老师“thumb their nose”，故thumb one's nose at sb/ sth表示“嗤之以鼻，蔑视”，所以D项错误。

　　答案　D

　　【长难句解读】

　　原文　This person might also turn up his nose at something that he considers not good enough.

　　译文　这种人也可能会看不起他认为不够好的东西。

　　分析　that he considers not good enough为定语从句，修饰something。

　　阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　The question of what children learn, and how they should learn, is continually being debated and redebated. Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system, the learning of lessons parrot-fashion, the grammar-with-a-whip system, which was good enough for our grandparents. The theories of modem psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the need of children. Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as much.

　　Well, you may say, this is as it should be, a good idea. But think further. What happens? "Education" becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists (心里学家). What happens then? Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications (暗示) of their lessons, and forget about the subjects themselves. If a child dislikes a lesson, the teacher feels that it is his fault, not the child’s. So teachers worry whether history is "relevant" to modern young children. And do they dare to recount stories about violence? Or will this make the children themselves violent? Can they tell their classes about children of different races, or will this encourage racial hatred? Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Verbal expression is better. Sums? Arithmetic? No: Real-life mathematical situations are more understandable.

　　You see, you can go too far. Influenced by educational theorists, who have nothing better to do than to write books about their ideas, teachers leave their teacher-training colleges filled with grand, psychological ideas about children and their needs. They make elaborate, sophisticated (精致的，复杂的) preparations and try out their "modem methods" on the long-suffering children. Since one "modem method" rapidly replaces another the poor kids will have had a good bellyful by the time they leave school. Frequently the modem methods are so sophisticated that they fail to be understood by the teachers, let alone the children; even more often, the relaxed discipline so essential for the " informal" feelings the class must have, prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything.

　　1. People do not dare defend the old system mainly because under the old system________.

　　A. too much grammar was taught to children

　　B. children were spoiled (宠坏)

　　C. children were treated as grown-ups

　　D. children were made to learn passively(被动的)

　　2. What view do the modem psychologists hold?

　　A. Children must be understood and respected.

　　B. Children are small adults and know what they need.

　　C. Children are better off without learning lessons.

　　D. Education of children is the responsibility of psychologists.

　　3. What happens when teachers pay too much attention to the psychology of their lessons?

　　A. They find that the children dislike the lessons.

　　B. They tend to blame students for their failure.

　　C. They do not pay enough attention to the actual lessons.

　　D. They no longer want to teach children history.

　　4. Grammatical sentences are regarded as unimportant because ________.

　　A. it is better to use verbs only

　　B. words are said out of natural feelings only

　　C. talking freely and naturally without sentences is a better form of expression

　　D. it is felt that formal grammar rules might cause unnatural expressions

　　5. According to the passage, the modern methods are understood by ________.

　　A. neither teachers nor pupils

　　B. only a handful of teachers and pupils

　　C. the more sophisticated teachers

　　D. everyone who enjoys the relaxed discipline of the informal classes。

　　【答案与解析】

　　1. D 推断题。由第一段第二句“鹦鹉学舌般地课文学习、附带鞭子的语法教学”可知，这种学习孩子非常被动。

　　2. A 细节题。由第一段最后一句可知：我们必须懂得孩子们的需要，还要尊重孩子们。

　　3. C 细节题。由第二段中“教师过多担心功课的心理暗示，忽略了功课本身”可知。

　　4. B 推断题。由第二段中Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Verbal expression is better可推断出。

　　5. A 细节题。由最后一段中Frequently the modem methods…fail to be understood by the teachers，let alone the children可知。

　　1.短文改错

　　（共10 小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

　　下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加，删除或修改某个单词。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下面划一横线（_），并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

　　注意：1

　　每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

　　Dear Alice,

　　I was delighted to receive your letter. Thank you on the English dictionary you bought it for me. I received it this morning. There is no doubt which it is of great help to me. I’m deep grateful for your advice that I should pay more attentions to practising my spoken English. I’ve made up my mind to speak English both in and out of class. Next month I’ll take trip to Australia, which is organizing by my school. I hope I can practise my spoken English there as many as possible. By the way, I am sending you a set of stamps with this letter, but I’ll send you more if I got any. I do hope you will have a good holiday.

　　Yours

　　Li Hua

　　【参考答案】1.

　　【小题1】on改成 for

　　【小题2】去掉it

　　【小题3】which改成 that

　　【小题4】deep改成 deeply

　　【小题5】attentions改成 attention

　　【小题6】take后面加a

　　【小题7】organizing 改成organized

　　【小题8】many改成 much

　　【小题9】but改成 and

　　【小题10】got 改成get试题分析：这是李华写给爱丽丝的感谢信，感谢她送给她的英语字典和学习英语的建议，并决定努力提高英语。

　　【小题1】谢谢你给我买的英语字典。Thank you for…，因为…而感谢某人：on改成 for

　　2.短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

　　假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的一篇作文。文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在其下面写上该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

　　注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不记分。

　　A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and an other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those which lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants determine whether the native beside he is a truth teller or not by ask only one question. He asks the native, “Go or ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives to.” When the messenger returned, he says, “He said he lives on the western side of the island.”

　　Is the messenger a truth teller or not one? How can the visitor be surely?

　　【参考答案】2.

　　An- the;

　　which- who;

　　wants + to;

　　he - him;

　　ask - asking;

　　or- and;

　　to- on;

　　returned- returns;

　　one;

　　surely- sure

　　3.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧) ，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线 ( ) 划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者 (从第11处起) 不计分。

　　My brother Donald didn’t do well in math. When the day of the exam comes, Donald sat next to Brian, which was always good at math. Donald careful copied Brian’s answers. At end of the exam, the teacher collected the papers and graded it. Then she decided to give a prize to the student who got the high grade. But it was a bit of difficult for her to make a decision, because Donald and Brian got the same grade. The teacher thought about that and made on her mind to give the prize to Brian. Donald said it was unfair. “That’s true,” the teacher said. “Therefore, Brian’s answer to Question 18 was ‘I don’t know’. Your was ‘Neither do I’.”

　　【参考答案】3.

　　My brother Donald didn’t do well in math. When the day of the exam comes, Donald sat next to

　　came

　　Brian, which was always good at math. Donald careful copied Brian’s answers. At∧ end of the exam,

　　who

　　carefully

　　the

　　the teacher collected the papers and graded it. Then she decided to give a prize to the student who got the

　　them

　　high grade. But it was a bit of difficult for her to make a decision, because Donald and Brian got the same

　　highest

　　grade. The teacher thought about that and made on her mind to give the prize to Brian. Donald said it was

　　up

　　unfair. “That’s true,” the teacher said. “Therefore, Brian’s answer to Question 18 was ‘I don’t know’.

　　However

　　Your was ‘Neither do I’.”

　　Yours 或Your answer