湖南省邵东县2016届英语一轮单项选择和阅读理解精炼（5）

　　湖南省邵东县2016高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼（5）

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Below is a selection from a popular science book.

　　If blood is red，why are veins(静脉) blue?

　　Actually，veins are not blue at all.They are more of a clear，yellowish colour.Although blood looks red when it's outside the body，when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin，it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.At the right depth，these blood­filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，making them look blue by comparison.

　　Which works harder，your heart or your brain?

　　That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise，and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But，in the long run，your brain probably tips it，because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart，and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.

　　Why do teeth fall out，and why don't they grow back in grown­ups?

　　Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long；they fall out to make room for bigger，stronger adult teeth later on.Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged，decayed and infected by bacteria.Once this second set of teeth has grown in，you're done.When they're gone，they're gone.This is because nature figures you're set for life，and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.

　　Do old people shrink as they age?

　　Yes and no.Many people do get shorter as they age.But，when they do，it isn't because they're shrinking all over.They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)．Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.Men lose an average of 3­4 cm in height as they age，while women may lose 5 cm or more.If you live to be 200 years old，would you keep shrinking till you were，like 60 cm tall，like a little boy again？No，because old people don't really shrink！It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs，arms and backbones getting shorter.When they do get shorter，it's because the spine has shortened a little.Or，more often，become more bent and curved.

　　Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?

　　Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling.The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravity­and­motion­sensing organs in your inner ear，which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable.But，when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control，and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not!

　　Where do feelings and emotions come from?

　　Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.All mammals have this brain area—from mice to dogs，cats，and humans.So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear，pain and pleasure.But since human feelings also involve other，newer bits of the brain，we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.

　　If exercise wears you out，how can it be good for you?

　　Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.And as far as your body is concerned，it's “use it，or lose it”！It's not that exercise makes you healthy；it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.

　　1．What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?A．Blue.

　　B．Light yellow.

　　C．Red.

　　D．Dark reddish purple.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的“...it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知答案。

　　答案　D2．Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?

　　A．Because their spine is in active use.

　　B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity.

　　C．Because they keep growing backwards.

　　D．Because their spine becomes more bent.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四个标题下的“They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)．”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。

　　答案　D3．Which of the following statements about our brain is true?

　　A．In the long run，our brain probably works harder than our heart.

　　B．When our brain senses the spinning，we will feel dizzy.

　　C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.

　　D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的第三句“But，in the long run，your brain...”可知答案为A项。此题最易误选B项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于 “你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。

　　答案　A4．What is the main purpose of the selection?

　　A．To give advice on how to stay healthy.

　　B．To provide information about our body.

　　C．To challenge new findings in medical research.

　　D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science.

　　解析　写作意图题。考生易误选D项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。故选择B项较全面。

　　答案　BA,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　For five days, Edmonton’s Downtown Park is transformed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents, and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves. Since its beginning in 1980, the Edmonton Folk Music Festival has been commemorating (纪念) the true feeling of what folk music is all about and that’s the traditional togetherness (友爱) that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings through song.

　　This year will be the sixth year when volunteer Riedel will be offering up her time to the festival. “People coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of relaxation,” Riedel said. “It’s really easy to relax, and it’s great seeing family and friends have fun together.” These families and friends come from all different kinds of musical tastes. People who take pleasure in Blues are there, so are people who love Bluegrass. This festival does its best to develop everyone’s musical interests.

　　With so many years of experience, the festival has become a well-oiled machine, and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as comfortable as possible. There are free water stations throughout the venue (举办地) for people to fill up their travel cups. When people buy food, reusable dishes are given a $2 plate fee, but that is returned when the plate is brought back.

　　The festival has completely sold out of tickets, and in record time. But with big names such as Van Morrison and Jakob Dylan, it’s easy to see how that was going to happen. There is no parking area during the festival, so using the Park & Ride system or Edmonton Transit is highly recommended. A bike lock-up area is provided and will be available Thursday until Sunday one hour before the gates open until 45 minutes after the gates close.

　　The Edmonton Folk Music Festival begins on Wednesday, Aug. 4 with Van Morrison playing the special donation fund (基金) concert, and will finish up on Sunday, Aug. 8.

　　1. The Edmonton Folk Music Festival is held mainly to　.　

　　A. gather people with different musical tastes

　　B. remind people of the real sense of folk music

　　C. exhibit the good voices of great talents in folk music

　　D. collect old stories of folk music

　　2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. Riedel has volunteered for the festival for at least 5 years.

　　B. It’s hard for people to appreciate Blues.

　　C. It costs people a little to fill up their cups from water stations.

　　D. People have to pay $2 for a plate of food.

　　3. We can learn from the passage that　.　

　　A. people can get tickets easily for the festival

　　B. the Edmonton Folk Music Festival is well organized

　　C. driving one’s own car to the festival is highly recommended

　　D. bikes are available at the festival from Wednesday to Sunday

　　4. What would be the best title for this passage?

　　A. Folk Music of Blues　B. One Festival for All

　　C. Festival for Family Gathering　D. Edmonton’s Downtown Park

　　【参考答案】1-4 BABB

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　A little girl in my family got a typewriter for Christmas. Not a laptop. Nothing with a screen. The old-fashioned manual kind.

　　Typewriters had pretty much gone the way of dodo birds quite some years before my granddaughter was born. But it was the typewriter used by a journalist in the movie “Kit Kittredge: An American Girl” that attracted her.

　　Or maybe it was the way the typewriter was used. In the movie, Kit does old-fashioned journalism and writes stories that help right a wrong. In a challenging environment she keeps her wits — and a strong sense of ethics (道德) — about her.

　　However, another reporter, Chuck Tatum in “Ace in the Hole” is totally different. He tells an editor, “If there’s no news, I’ll go out and bite a dog.” Later, referring to a sign in the newsroom that reads “Tell the Truth,” Tatum acknowledges some guilt. But, “Not enough to stop me on my way to the top.”

　　In both movies, the journalists use typewriters. It’s what they do with them that makes the difference. And today, it’s what we do with our hardware — the journalism we produce — that makes the difference.

　　Typewriters have long since given way to laptops, camera phones and video phones. But here at Thomson Reuters (路透社), and in the media as a whole, the need for a strong sense of ethics has never been more necessary.

　　To me, at the heart of ethics are the preservation (保持) of honesty, independence and freedom from prejudice. It means ethics and standards are compatible with innovation (革新). In fact, they have to go hand in hand. There’s a lot of room for innovation here, but there’s no room for a Chuck Tatum, who would do anything to get to the top.

　　In about 2020, my granddaughter will probably be using technology that hasn’t been developed yet to work on her school “newspaper”. She won’t be using her typewriter but she will, I hope, be using what she’s learned from the journalists of this generation. It’s up to us to set the right example.

　　41. What does Chuck Tatum mean by saying “bite a dog”?

　　A. He tries all sorts of tricks to achieve his goal.

　　B. He acknowledges his guilt of telling lies.

　　C. He attracts people’s attention in the street.

　　D. He becomes mad because there’s no news.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】细节理解题。由“Not enough to stop me on my way to the top.”可知Chuck Tatum会尝试各种手段去达到自己的目标。

　　42. According to the author, really good journalists are those who __________.

　　A. are crazy about the work like Chuck Tatum

　　B. can take whatever means to attract the public

　　C. are honest, independent and free from prejudice

　　D. were living in the time when typewriters were used.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】细节理解题。前面通过比较Kit Kittredge和Chuck Tatum，可以看出一个真正的记者需要有强烈的道德观，结合倒数第二段“at the heart of ethics are the preservation (保持) of honesty, independence and freedom from prejudice.43. The passage may imply that __________.

　　A. Dodo birds are still living on the earth.

　　B. Thomson Reuters will not employ a journalist like Chuck Tatum

　　C. Typewriters are more popular to the journalists than laptops

　　D. what matters is that journalists should use their new-fashioned hardware

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】细节理解题。由“But here at Thomson Reuters (路透社), and in the media as a whole, the need for a strong sense of ethics has never been more necessary.Chuck Tatum不择手段获取目标的描述，可知路透社不会雇佣像Chuck Tatum一样的记者。故本题选B。

　　44. The purpose of the passage is __________.

　　A. to advocate the sense of ethics in journalism

　　B. to criticize the lack of ethics among journalists

　　C. to ask adults to set a good example for the young

　　D. to encourage more people to work on newspapers

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】细节理解题。由“It means ethics and standards are compatible with innovation (革新).I hope, be using what she’s learned from the journalists of this generation.”可知本文的目的是提倡资讯界的道德观。故选A。

　　45. Who are the intended readers of the passage?

　　A. People in general.

　　B. Fans of American films.

　　C. Children like his granddaughter. D. The journalists of this generation.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】推理判断题。本文通过打字机引出两位不同资讯工作者的对比，说明道德观的重要性。所以它的目标读者应该是这一代的资讯工作者。

　　2017高考英语（附解析答案）

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients______name，not case number.

　　A．ofB．as

　　C．by

　　D．with

　　解析 考查介词的用法。弄清不同介词和名词搭配的含义是正确解题的关键。句意：现在一些医院提到病人时用名字而不是病例编号。by name“凭名字”，符合句意。

　　答案 C

　　2．Every student admits English is actually not easy ______.

　　A．to study

　　B．to be studied

　　C．being studied

　　D．studying

　　解析 在“sth.is＋adj.＋to do”结构中，形容词后作状语的不定式用主动表被动。

　　答案 A

　　3．If you really have to leave during the meeting，you’d better leave ______the back door.

　　A．for

　　B．by

　　C．across

　　D．out

　　解析 句意：如果会议期间你确实要离开，你最好通过后门走。by由；用；通过，符合题意。

　　答案 B

　　4．I decided to quit the job，because I felt my boss hard ______.

　　A．to be satisfied

　　B．to satisfy

　　C．satisfied

　　D．being satisfied

　　解析 形容词easy，hard，difficult，fit等后的不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。

　　答案 B

　　5．Icy temperatures have damaged thousands of trucks and trains ______ with coal，food and passengers in the most severe winter ______ in 50 years in southern China.

　　A．loading；seen

　　B．loading；seeing

　　C．loaded；saw

　　D．loaded；seen

　　解析 第一个空load与trucks and trains之间是被动关系；第二个空winter与see之间也是被动关系，因此，两个空都用过去分词表示被动。句意：在中国南方，50年一遇的最寒冷的这个冬天，冰冷的气温损害了成千上万载着煤炭、食物和乘客的车辆。

　　答案 D

　　6．In only 20 years，the country has been ______into an advanced industrial power.

　　A．translated

　　B．degraded

　　C．declined

　　D．transformed

　　解析 transform...into...“把……变成……”。句意：仅仅20年的时间，这个国家就已经发展成了一个先进的工业大国。

　　答案 D

　　7．This basic ______comes from the fact that it is based mainly on lyric content rather than musical content.

　　A．respect

　　B．aspect

　　C．inspect

　　D．expression

　　解析 aspect“方面”。句意：这个根本的方面在于歌词，而不在于音乐内容。

　　答案 B

　　8．—Do you think we should accept that offer?

　　—Yes，we should，for we ______ such bad luck up till now，and time ______ out.

　　A．have had；is running

　　B．had；is running

　　C．have；has been run

　　D．have had；has been run

　　解析 句意：——你认为我们应当接受提供的帮助吗？——是的，因为到目前为止，我们碰到了如此糟糕的运气，而且时间紧迫。up till now(迄今为止) 常与现在完成时连用，而时间“正在”消耗殆尽，用进行时。

　　答案 A

　　9．—Is the film Finding Nemo ______ for small children?

　　—Certainly.It is about an ugly fish.

　　A．available

　　B．approachable

　　C．automatic

　　D．appropriate

　　解析 appropriate“适当的，恰当的”；approachable“可接近的，易亲近的”；automatic“习惯性的，无意识的”；available“可利用的；可得到的”。句意：——电影《海底总动员》适合孩子看吗？——当然适合。它讲述了一条小丑鱼的故事。

　　答案 D

　　10．A good husband must know how to ______his ideas to his wife.

　　A．display

　　B．consult

　　C．confront

　　D．convey

　　解析 convey“表达”。句意：一个好的丈夫必须知道如何向他妻子表达他的想法。

　　答案 D

　　11．Nowadays sending e­mails to each other is a way many a student ______ what they think.

　　A．conveys

　　B．convey

　　C．account

　　D．accounts

　　解析 convey“表达”；“many a＋名词单数”作主语，尽管表示复数意义，但谓语动词用单数。

　　答案 A

　　12．—I’m still working on my project.

　　—Oh，you’ll miss the deadline.Time is ______.

　　A．running out

　　B．going out

　　C．giving out

　　D．losing out

　　解析 句意：——我仍然在做我的项目。——噢！你也许不能如期完成了。因为快没时间了。当表示时间用完、耗尽的时候多用run out。give out“分发，精疲力竭”。

　　答案 A

　　13．What is it that the author wants to ______to his readers through the story?

　　A．send

　　B．convey

　　C．take

　　D．talk

　　解析 convey“传达，表达”。句意：作者想通过故事向读者表达什么？

　　答案 B

　　14．—I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday.

　　—______.

　　A．Don’t be afraid

　　B．Be careful

　　C．Not at all

　　D．Take your time

　　解析 句意：——我恐怕不能在星期五之前把这本书还给你。——慢慢来，不着急。Don’t be afraid别害怕；Be careful小心，当心；Not at all一点儿也不；Take your time—to use as much time as you need without hurrying不用急，慢慢来。根据题意只有D项符合句意。

　　答案 D

　　15．Be careful ______ that piano into the truck!

　　A．loading

　　B．taking

　　C．bringing

　　D．unloading

　　解析 load sth.into some place把……装到……。句意：把钢琴装上卡车时要小心。B项，带走；C项，拿来，带来；D项，卸下，都不符合句意。

　　答案 A