甘肃省兰州市2016届高考一轮英语阅读理解和短文改错自练（11）及答案

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　What makes a person a scientist？Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others？The answer is “NO”．It is not what the tools that a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.You will probably agree that knowing how to use the power is important to a carpenter (木匠)．You will probably agree，too，that knowing how to investigate (调查)，how to discover information，is important to everyone.The scientist，however，goes one step further，he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed (确认) by other persons.He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.

　　The scientist’s knowledge must be exact.There is no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit.What works under one set of conditions sometimes must work under the same conditions at other times.If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration (演示) must be explained by the changes in the conditions.This is one reason that investigations are important in science.Albert Einstein，who developed the theory of relativity，arrived at this theory through mathematics.The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations.Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct.A scientist uses many tools for measurements.Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.

　　1．What makes a scientist according to the passage?

　　A．The tools he uses.B．His ways of learning.

　　C．The ways he uses his tools.D．The different tools.

　　解析：　细节理解题。由第一段“It is not what the tools that a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.”可知。

　　答案：　C

　　．What can we learn from the passage?

　　A．The scientist’s knowledge is always right under all conditions.

　　B．When the condition changes，the result of the observation may also change.

　　C．Condition makes no difference to scientists.

　　D．There’s no point for ordinary people knowing how to investigate.

　　解析：　细节理解题。由第二段“If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration (演示) must be explained by the changes in the conditions.”可知。

　　答案：　B

　　3．“The scientist，however，goes one step further，...”the author says this to show ________.

　　A．the importance of information

　　B．the importance of thinking

　　C．the difference between scientists and ordinary people

　　D．the difference between carpenters and people with other

　　jobs

　　解析：　句意理解题。上文提到了如何调查，如何发现信息对每个人来说都很重要，下文用however引起转折，说明科学家们应该更进一步，他必须确保问题有合理的答案。故此处的the scientist，however，goes one step further，...用来说明科学家和普通人的不同之处。

　　答案：　C

　　．A scientific theory should be one that________.

　　A．not only works under one set of conditions sometimes，but also works under the same conditions at other times

　　B．leaves no room for improvement

　　C．does not allow any change even under different conditions

　　D．can be used for many purposes

　　解析：　细节理解题。由“What works under one set of conditions sometimes must work under the same conditions at other times.”可知答案。

　　答案：　A

　　．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Scientists are different from ordinary people.

　　B．The theory of relativity.

　　C．Exactness is the center of science.

　　D．Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.

　　解析：　主旨大意题。本文第一句“What makes a person a scientist？”提出了文章的主题，第一段论述“how a scientist uses these tools makes him a scientist”，第二段论述“The scientist’s knowledge must be exact”，故D正确。其余各项只是文章中的细节。

　　答案：　DWanted, Someone for a Kiss

　　We’re looking for producers to join us in the second of London 100FM. You’ll work on the station’s music programmer. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply(申请) in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss100.

　　Father Christmas

　　We’re looking for a very special person preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit.

　　Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December17 to December24 except Sunday, 10:30—16:00

　　Excellent pay.

　　Please contact(联系)the Enterprise Shopping Center, Station Parade, Eastbourne.

　　Accountants Assistant

　　When you join them in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver of for somebody who has office experience.

　　Wealden District Council

　　Software Trainer

　　If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make our decision, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of ￡15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV (简历) to Mrs R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.

　　(

　　) 1. Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?

　　A. Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.

　　B. Mrs R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.

　　C. The Enterprise Shopping Centre

　　D. Wealden District Council.

　　(

　　) 2. We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who __________________.

　　A. is aged between 24 and 40

　　B. may do some training work

　　C. should deal with general duties

　　D. can work for about a month

　　(

　　) 3. which position is open to recent school graduates?

　　A. Producer, London Kiss.

　　B. Father Christmas.

　　C. Accountants Assistant

　　D. Software Trainer

　　(

　　) 4.What kind of person would probably apply to Palmace Limited?

　　A. One with GCSE grade C level.

　　B. One with some office experience.

　　C. One having good computer knowledge

　　D. One trained in producing music programmes.

　　【参考答案】1---4、ACCC

　　阅读理解, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.

　　The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.

　　On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning(扫描)equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.

　　What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High­tech machines can detect very

　　small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.

　　As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.

　　1．People buy cell phones for the following reasons except that ________.

　　A．they're popular B．they're convenient

　　C．they're useful D．they're cheap

　　答案：D　细节理解题。文中第一段提到手机是一种通信工具且受欢迎；手机是一种时尚；但文中没有提到手机很便宜，故D项符合题意。

　　2．The word “detected” in Paragraph 3 could be best replaced by ________.

　　A．discovered B．removed

　　C．cured D．caused

　　答案：A　词义猜测题。根据句意可知用扫描设备能发现大脑和头部疾病的迹象，故A项正确。

　　3．On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies ________.

　　A．deny the existence of mobile phone radiation

　　B．develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation

　　C．hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about

　　D．try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation，but they say the amount is too small to worry about.”可知C项正确。

　　4．The writer's purpose of writing this article is to advise people ________.

　　A．to buy mobile phones

　　B．to use mobile phones less often

　　C．to update regular phones

　　D．to stop using mobile phones

　　答案：B　主旨大意题。本文谈论了使用手机对人健康是否有害，在最后一段点明了本文的目的在于建议人们不要太经常地使用手机，故B项正确。

　　阅读理解, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　The earth is getting warmer. Over the past 100 years Earth’s temperature rose by about 1°F. Scientists predict that Earth will continue to warm by about 2—6°Fover the next 100 years. That may not sound like much, but think about this: During the last Ice Age, Earth was only 9°F cooler than it is today, and large sheets of ice called glaciers(冰河) covered large parts of North America! The warming of Earth’s climate is called global warming

　　Scientists are not sure of what causes climate change. Earth could be warming on its own, however, most scientists believe that human activity is speeding up the climate change. Earth warms itself through a process called the greenhouse(温室) effect. When sunlight enters Earth’s atmosphere(大气), it passes through a layer of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases occur naturally, but humans also create them by burning fossil fuels. When sunlight hits Earth’s surface it bounces_back toward the sky. The greenhouse gases trap some of the sunlight on Earth and allow the rest to go back into space, making Earth’s temperature warm. The process works much in the same way as a greenhouse, hence its name. If there are too many greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, too much sunlight may be trapped, making Earth warmer.

　　Scientists cannot predict exactly what will happen as Earth’s temperature rises. They believe a rapid climate change could upset the balance of the ecosystem(生态系统), causing some land and marine(海产的) life to become extinct. As temperatures rise, the world’s glaciers will melt(融化)into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise between several inches to three feet during the next 100 years. Higher sea levels could cause flooding of coastal lands. Warmer ocean water could cause increased storm activity on the coasts while areas away from the coasts may experience droughts. These are just a few of the possible effects of global warming.

　　1．The best title for this text would be________.

　　A．ClimateB．Climate Change

　　C．Global Warming

　　D．Greenhouse Effect

　　2．Humans create greenhouse gases every time EXCEPT we________.

　　A．play video games

　　B．use a hair dryer

　　C．ride in a car

　　D．use solar energy lights

　　3．Which of the following is NOT the effect of climate change?

　　A．Rising temperature.

　　B．The extinction of some wildlife.

　　C．Sea level rising.

　　D．Flooding of coastal lands.

　　4．Which of the following words has the similar meaning as the underlined phrase in the second paragraph?

　　A．Throw.

　　B．Rebound.

　　C．Go.

　　D．Fetch.

　　[解题导语]　本文主要论述了全球气候变化的现状、原因及影响。

　　1．解析：选B。主旨大意题。综观全文，讲述的是气候变化的现状、原因以及影响。因此全文围绕着一个中心即：气候的变化。

　　2．解析：选D。推理判断题。由第二段知，人类活动加快了气候变化，主要是通过“by burning fossil fuels”。因此选D。

　　3．解析：选A。推理判断题。由最后一段知，B、C、D三项都提到了，因此选A，这是气候变化的表现而非影响。

　　4．解析：选B。词义猜测题。由所在句知该短语意思是“反弹；反射”，由构词法知识可推断rebound有此义。

　　1.短文改错（共10个错误；每个错误1分，满分10分）

　　共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　I'd like to tell you something about the problem of pollution we are facing to. As we know, the factory beside our school gave off heavy smoke all day long. Very loudly noises hurt our ears. Rubbish and waste are thrown here or there. It also sends out polluting water and poisonous gas. All this has done great harms to the health and study of the teachers and students. But as time goes on, a little has done to change the situation. I don't think you can study well after the problem is solved. We do hope you'll help and support us.

　　【参考答案】1.

　　I'd like to tell you something about the problem of pollution we are facing to. As we know, the

　　factory beside our school gave off heavy smoke all day long. Very loudly noises hurt our ears.

　　gives

　　loud

　　Rubbish and waste are thrown here or there. It also sends out polluting water and poisonous gas.

　　and

　　polluted

　　All this has done great harms to the health and study of the teachers and students. But as time goes

　　harm

　　on, a little has done to change the situation. I don't think you can study well after the problem is

　　been

　　we

　　before/ untile

　　solved. We do hope you'll help and support us.

　　2.短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

　　请你修改以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。

　　2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

　　Last week I went to visit to my former neighbor, Mr. Yang. He and I used to living next to each other for many years. About half a year ago, an order came which the old building, along with many other similar ones, were going to be pulled down to make room for a main street. So we had to moved apart. Mr. Yang now lives in the suburbs near a beautiful park. His apartment is much big than before. The only problem is that it took quite a long time to get to the downtown area. Therefore, Mr. Yang doesn’t seem to worry about the long distance. He says that new subway line will be built in a few year and he is sure life will be better in the future.

　　【参考答案】2、

　　3.短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）

　　假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线＼划掉。

　　修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　As we all know, travelling can be an excited experience. Let me give you some advices that you have to pay attention. You can find out more about your destination by surf the internet before you set out. You needn’t take too many cash. Since it can be very convenient to pay in cash, using cheques is much more reliable. In additional, it will be wise of you to take an umbrella in case of it should rain. And if you are to travel abroad, you’d better understand the cultural diversity. Keep this in mind that being polite in foreign countries can help you had a wonderful trip.

　　【参考答案】3.改错：

　　1: excited-exciting

　　2: advices-advice

　　3.attention 后面加 to

　　4: surf-surfing

　　5.many-much

　　6. Since—Though

　　7. additional-addition

　　8.in case of去掉of

　　9. this-it

　　10. had-have