2016武汉市高考英语阅读理解和书面表达一轮练习（4）及答案

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（AB、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。It' s never a real problem for us when the weather gets cold．

　　We have many different was of coping with the cold．We can put on more clothes, stay next to a fireplace, turn on the air conditioner or simply travel to a warmer city to spend the winter．But things are not as easy for plantsnlike humans, plants can’t move to escape the cold or generate heat to keep themselves warm．So how do they manageurvive the freezing winter?

　　The cold is a big challenge for plants．Teir living tissues can be damaged when they freeze．t's like a plant's equivalent(相等物）frostbite（冻疮）．Also，the pcess of freezing and thawing（解冻）can causer bubbles to form in the plant's water transport system．f enough of these air bubbles come together as water thaws they can block the flow of water from the roots to the leaves and kill the plant．

　　To live through cold weather，plants have develop three strategies，Se plants，ch as oak trees, avoid freezing damage by dropping their leaves, before the winter chill sets in-effectively shutting off the flow of water between roots and leaves—and growing new leaves and water transport cells when the warm spring returns. Other plants, pine trees for example, protect them-selves by narrowing their water transport cells, which makes it easier for cells to travel among air bubbles．The third stratef;yi8 also the most extreme．Some plant; die on the ground in winter and start growing as new plants from seeds when conditions get warmer．

　　Howeer, these smart strategies were developed nmry8lowly－over millions of years of evolution．This eads scientists to worry that plants may not be able to deal with human-caused climate change, which has only started occurring over the past few decades．Scientists are hoping o find possible ways to save plants from the threat of climate change．

　　1．What is the text mainly about?

　　A．Different ways for peopkeep warm．

　　B．How plant live through the freezing winter．

　　C．How plants develop the 8tratef;ies to keep warm*

　　D．The ways to save plantsrom the cold,

　　2． the water transport from roots to leaves 18 blocked,

　　．

　　A．the plant will suffer from f'rostbite

　　B．air bubbles will be formed

　　C．the plant's lving tissues will be damaged

　　D．the plant wi be killed

　　3．Ok trees protect themselves by

　　． A．stopping the water transport from rootso leaves

　　B．dropping their eaves to grow seeds

　　C．slowing the flow of water from roots to eaves

　　D．storing enough water in the roots

　　4．What does the undeined phrase “sets in” mean in Paragraph3?

　　A．stops

　　B．

　　C．leaves

　　D．retus

　　5．What ithe main idea of the last paragraph

　　A．Plants can, easily adapt to climate change．

　　B．Scientists are makin to save plants．

　　C．Cimates change is a great threat to plants．

　　D．Plants are developing new stregies to survive．

　　—5、BDADC

　　阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　(2017·合肥市二模，D)

　　It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gum and it will

　　remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. An even worse tale is that swallowed

　　gum can wrap itself around your heart.

　　But what does happen if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum? Chewing gum is made

　　out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. The gum base is pretty indigestible—it is a

　　mixture of different ingredients (成分) that our body can't absorb.

　　Most of the time, your stomach really cannot break down the gum the way it would break

　　down other foods. However, your digestive system has another way to deal with things you

　　swallow. After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving

　　along until they make it all the way through the gut (肠子) and come out at the other end one or

　　two days later.

　　The saliva (唾液) in our mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon as

　　we put it in our mouths. It might get through the shell but many of gum's base ingredients are

　　indigestible. It's then down to our stomach muscles—which contract and relax, much like the

　　way an earthworm moves—to slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems.

　　Swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time can

　　cause a blockage within the digestive system, most often in children, who have a thinner digestive

　　tube than adults—but this is extremely rare.

　　文章大意：本文为一篇科普类说明文。误食口香糖是不是像大人吓小孩子那样可怕呢？本文对此进行了分析。

　　8．Children might feel terrified after swallowing chewing gum mainly because ________.

　　A．they believe the tall tales about chewing gum

　　B．chewing gum will stay in their body for years

　　C．their heart will be wrapped by chewing gum

　　D．chewing gum is indigestible for children

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children.”以及对第二、三句话的理解可知，答案A符合文义。B、C两项只是分别说明了tall tale的内容，故排除。

　　9．What happens to the food that can't be fully broken down?

　　A．It remains in our digestive system forever.

　　B．It will be eventually moved out of our body.

　　C．It will fight against the power of the gut.

　　D．It will stick to the gut for one or two days.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句“After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving... come out at the other end one or two days later.”可知，答案B符合文义。

　　10．The word It (in the 4th paragraph) refers to

　　________.

　　A．The attempt

　　B．The salvia

　　C．The shell

　　D．The gum base

　　答案：B　指代判断题。根据对文章第四段前两句的理解可知，此处的It是指第四段第一句中的The saliva(唾液)，故答案B符合文义。

　　11．What would be the best title for text?

　　A．How does our digestive system work?

　　B．Can chewing gum be swallowed by kids?

　　C．Does swallowing chewing gum matter?

　　D．Why swallowing chewing gum frightens kids?

　　答案：C　标题概括题。文章第一段由一个使小孩子害怕的说法导入话题，下文是对口香糖进入肚子后会怎样的一个科学解释，由此可推知，选项C“误食口香糖要紧吗”最适合作为文章标题。

　　阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　(2017·合肥市二模，E)

　　Telling fewer lies benefits people physically and mentally. Anita Kelly, study author and professor of psychology at the University of Notre Dame, employed 110 adults for her study. She divided them into two groups and asked one group to stop lying for 10 weeks. Lies included big ones and tiny ones—any false statements—but participants were still allowed to leave out the truth, keep secrets and avoid questions they didn't want to answer, etc. The other group wasn't given any special instructions about lying.

　　It turns out that both groups reduced their lying, but those who were specifically told to tell the truth improved their health more. “We found that the participants could purposefully and dramatically reduce their everyday lies, and that in turn was associated with significantly improved health，” said Kelly.

　　When participants in the nolie group told three fewer white lies than they did in other weeks, they experienced, on average, fewer mentalhealth complaints and physical complaints. They were less likely to feel tense or sad and also experienced fewer sore throats and headaches. They also reported that personal relationships improved.

　　Additionally,

　　participants found themselves honest about their daily accomplishments, and they stopped making up excuses for being late or failing to complete a task, for example.

　　“It's certainly a worthy goal to have people be more honest and interact with others in a more honest way，” says psychologist Robert Feldman. “That would be beneficial, I'm a little doubtful whether it makes us all healthier, but it may make us healthier in a psychological way.”

　　文章大意：本文是一篇科研报告。研究了撒谎和健康之间的关系。

　　12．Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　A．People who tell lies are healthier than those who don't.

　　B．Being honest can help cure sore throats and headaches.

　　C．Not all the participants were required to tell the truth.

　　D．Participants involved are asked not to keep secrets.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第一句“The other group wasn't given any special instructions about lying.”可知，有一组的实验对象没有被要求讲实情，故答案C符合文义。

　　13．The participants of the two groups ________.

　　A．told as many lies as before

　　B．were almost equally healthy

　　C．tended to lie less about their activities

　　D．experienced tenser personal relationships

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“It turns out that both groups reduced their lying...”可知，答案C符合文义。

　　14．From Robert Feldman, we can learn that ________.

　　A．white lies might make people have more complaints

　　B．honesty is likely to help people become mentally healthier

　　C．people should not be honest with others but with themselves

　　D．telling the truth can make people physically and mentally healthy

　　答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“... but it may make us healthier in a psychological way”可推知，答案B“诚实会让人们在精神上更健康”符合文义。

　　15．The text is mainly about ________.

　　A．the connection of honesty and health

　　B．research on physical and mental health

　　C．advice about being an honest person

　　D．effects of honesty on personal relationships

　　答案：A　主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“Telling fewer lies benefits people physically and mentally.”的开篇点题可知，本文主要讲的是诚实和健康之间的关系，故答案A符合文义。

　　【湖南省怀化市2017高考英语一模试题】

　　书面表达 (25 marks)

　　Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

　　假设你的笔友Tony因上期高三期末数学考试未及格而倍受打击，情绪低落。请你 (王华)写一封信给他，鼓励他重拾自信，实现梦想。

　　注意：

　　1、词数不少于120个；

　　2、不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

　　——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————for you because it can give you some time to be refreshed in both body and mind so that we can go on with our

　　【江西省上饶市2017高考英语二模试题】

　　书面表达（满分25分）

　　请你以一则公益广告Don，t let the keyboard separate you and your loved ones为题写一篇发言稿，谈谈网络给我们带来的好处，并呼吁人们放下手中的鼠标与家人多多沟通，享受与家人在一起的美好时光。

　　参考词汇：网民netizen

　　注意：1．词数：120左右；

　　2．题目与开头已给出，不计入总词数

　　3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　4．短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息。

　　Don9t let the keyboard separate you and your loved ones

　　Hello , everyone !

　　【参考范文】

　　书面表达：（满分25分）

　　Hello, everyone! Today the number of the netizens in our country has increased rapidly, yet many of them do not pay enough attention to the family. There’s no doubt that we benefit much from the Internet. For example, it’s convenient for us to get the information we need and communicate with our friends and relatives. Meanwhile, it can help us learn what is happening both at home and abroad. However, no matter how attractive the Internet is, we shouldn’t be separated from our loved ones. Therefore, just for a moment, we should stop surfing the Internet and spend time with our families, enjoying the time when we are together. So just remember this: don’t let the keyboard separate you and your loved ones.

　　Please take action! That’s all. Thank you!