2016武汉市高考英语阅读理解和书面表达一轮练习（5）及答案

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　Puerto Rico(波多黎各)may be part of the USA but its music and dance is a mixture of both Spanish and American rhythms. The country, as a result, is a mixture of very new and very old. It exhibits the open American way of life yet remains the more formal Spanish influences. This is reflected in the architecture, not just the difference between the old and the modern in urban areas but also in the countryside, where older buildings sit side by side with schools and houses. It is found in the cooking, too many fast food restaurants together with local cooking which has its roots in the mixture of culture of all the Caribbean and in the music, where rock music is played in beach resorts(圣地)but in the hilly center, Puerto Rican music can be heard. Old volcanic mountains, long motionless, take up a large part of the center, with the highest peak, Cerro de Punta, at 1,338 m in the Cordillera. The mountains are surrounded by a coastal plain with the Atlantic shore beaches cooled all the year round by trade winds(信风)．

　　The population is 3.8 million, of which about 1.5 million live in San Juan, although about another two million Puerto Ricans live in the USA. Average life is 73.8 years and GDP per person is US $ 12,212, the highest in Latin America, although not up to the level of mainland USA. The people are largely a mixture of Amerindian, Taino­Arawak, Spanish and African. Most Puerto Ricans do not speak English and less than 30% speak it fluently(流利地). Second generation Puerto Ricans who were born in New York, but who have returned to the island, are called Nuyoricans(新波多利哥人). The people are very friendly and hospitable but there is crime, linked to drugs and unemployment.

　　1．It can be inferred from the passage that________.

　　A．Puerto Rico belongs to the USA

　　B．Puerto Rico is part of Spanish

　　C．Puerto Rico is an independent country

　　D．Puerto Rico has the highest peak in Latin America

　　答案：A　细节理解题。波多黎各是南美洲的岛屿，属于美国。由首句Puerto Rico may be part of the USA得出。

　　．The underlined word“It”in the first paragraph refers to________.

　　A．the country

　　B．a result

　　C．a mixture of very new and very old

　　D．Puerto Rico

　　答案：C　语意理解题。应向前找，再向后看看it代表的内容，此处是指既古老又现代的混合体。It在句中作代词，指代前一句中的名词或短语，首先可以排除B。a result，因为“as a result”是插入语，A项the country虽然意思正确，但与C项相比就相对间接了；而D项Puerto Rico比A项更加间接，故排除。

　　．What's the character of the culture of Puerto Rico?

　　A．Either new or old.

　　B．A mixture of different peoples.

　　C．Too many fast food restaurants.

　　D．Either Spanish or American.

　　答案：B　推理判断题。波多黎各文化的特点是西班牙、美国等不同民族的混合，由第一段可以得出。A项和D项是两者中的选择而不是结合，C项属细节。

　　．What are the disadvantages of Puerto Rico?

　　A．Too many Puerto Ricans live in the USA.

　　B．Few people in Puerto Rico can speak English.

　　C．Puerto Rico's GDP is lower than that of the USA.D．Social problems connected with drugs and lack of jobs.答案：D　细节理解题。文中作者提到的不利因素——与毒品和失业相关的犯罪。即把犯罪概括为社会问题。

　　, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　(2017·海口市调研，D)

　　Any diet on which you eat fewer calories than you need to get through the day, like an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous. Diets that don't allow any fat also can be bad for you. Everyone needs a certain amount of fat in their diet, up to 30% of total calories, so no one should eat a completely fatfree diet.

　　Don't have diets that restrict certain food groups, either. A diet that requires you to say no to bread or pasta or allows you to eat only fruit is unhealthy. You won't get the vitamins and minerals you need. And although you may lose weight, you'll probably gain it back as soon as you start eating normally again.

　　Some people start dieting because they think all the problems in their lives are because of weight. Others have an area of their lives that they can't control, like an alcoholic parent, so they focus on something they can control, their exercise and food intake (摄入)．

　　People who diet may get lots of praise from friends and family when they start losing pounds, which makes them feel good. But eventually a person reaches a weight level and doesn't lose as much weight as before because the body is trying to keep a healthy weight, so they aren't any happier.

　　Some people may find it hard to control their eating, so they stick with an_extreme_diet for a little while, but then eat tons of food. Feeling guilty about the binge, they use laxatives (泻药). Eating too little to maintain a healthy weight or eating only to throw up the calories are both eating disorders, which are harmful to a person's health.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章告诫减肥人群，在减肥的同时务必要保证健康和均衡的饮食，这样才能获得真正的健康。

　　12．The reasons why some people start and keep dieting DON'T include ________.

　　A．they think their trouble comes from their weight

　　B．they have a strict parent

　　C．other people's praise when they lose some weight

　　D．there is something they can't control except food intake

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三、四段内容可知，A、C、D三项均是人们减肥的原因。B项内容文章没有涉及。故答案选B。

　　13．The underlined phrase in the last paragraph refers to ________.

　　A．a fat free diet

　　B．a special diet

　　C．eating too much

　　D．eating too little

　　答案：D　指代判断题。根据画线短语后“but then eat tons of food”中的“but”可推知，画线部分与其讲述的内容相反，因此“an extreme diet”指的就是“吃得太少”。故答案选D。

　　14．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A．A person needs about 800 calories each day.

　　B．A person who doesn't eat bread is unhealthy.

　　C．An improper diet may cause eating disorder.

　　D．Fat takes up the most part of calories inside body.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“like an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous”可知，A项表述错误；根据第二段第二句可知，不包括面包的饮食不健康，但并没说不吃面包的人不健康，故B项表述错误；根据第一段最后一句可知，D项表述错误。故答案选C。

　　15．According to the passage, when people want to lose weight, they should

　　________.

　　A．avoid eating some food that can lead to being fat

　　B．control their eating amount and times

　　C．have a healthy and balanced diet

　　D．throw up some of what they eat

　　答案：C　推理判断题。通读全文特别是文章首段内容可知，人们在减肥的同时，还应保证健康和均衡的饮食。故答案选C。

　　【深圳市2017高考英语综合能力测试题（8）】

　　读写任务（共1小题；满分25分）

　　阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

　　The actions of international development volunteers, and the relationships they build, live on long after the volunteers return home.

　　One such volunteer is Carlie Rocco. After completing an Australian Youth Ambassadors for Development (AYAD) role, 27-year-old Carlie travelled to China to take up the role of Rural Development Advisor(咨询员)at Yunnan Agricultural University. “I had an interest in working in

　　development and learning new skills, so I decided to volunteer to be able to pursue that. We had one project where we used this knowledge to grow and collect Chinese medicinal herbs (中药）, and then linked them up with Chinese medicine companies.”

　　“It’s a great way to acquire a lot of new skills in a short space of time… it would take a lot longer if you wanted to do that in Australia, to acquire some of those universal professional skills like relationship building, communication and cross-cultural skills.”

　　Reflecting on her volunteer experience, Carlie felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues at Yunnan Agricultural University and, alter all, she gained valuable professional skills in the process:

　　【写作内容】

　　1. 以约30个词总结Carlie作为志愿者的工作和收获。

　　2. 以约120个词就“志愿者工作”发表自己的看法，并包括如下要点：

　　(1)你认为志愿者工作有何意义；

　　(2)列举你或他人的事例说明你的看法；

　　(3)你认为成为一名优秀志愿者的最重要的素质是什么。

　　【写作要求】

　　1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

　　2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

　　【评分标准】

　　概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

　　____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　【参考范文】读写任务 (One possible version)

　　As an Australian Youth, Carlie worked as a Rural Development Advisor at Yunnan Agricultural University. She spared no effort to help others, and gained some valuable skills.

　　As shown from Carlie’s experience, providing a free service for others and improving oneself is what volunteer work is all about.

　　My elder sister worked as a volunteer for the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games. She was responsible for showing the audience in and out of the stadiums and demonstrating a series of gestures to cheer up the athletes at the game. Every night when she got back late, she was too exhausted to say a word or stand up. But she has learnt to appreciate what others have done for her, which she used to take for granted.”

　　　Thus it can be seen that gratefulness is the most important quality for volunteers, because to be an excellent volunteer is to give rather than receive.

　　【深圳市2017高考英语综合能力测试题（7）】

　　基础写作（共1小题；满分15分）

　　你是学校“世界人口与经济”研究性学习小组成员。以下是你们的研究成果汇总。

　　【写作内容】

　　根据下表信息，为校报写一篇英语报道。

　　现状与数据 世界人口70亿，其中中国和印度人口分别位居世界第一、第二。

　　现象与问题 目前情况令世人担忧：

　　1)在非洲许多贫穷国家和亚洲一些国家，人口比经济的增长速度快；

　　2)在日本和许多欧洲国家，低出生率﹡地区对劳动力短缺的担心程度提升。

　　专家预测 到2025或2030年，世界人口将达到80亿。

　　参考词汇：低出生率low birth rate

　　【写作要求】

　　只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。

　　【参考范文】基础写作 (One possible version)

　　It is reported that there are currently seven billion people in the world, with China ranking the top most populated country of the world and India, the second. Such a large population has become one of the most serious and worrying problems for which all the people in the world show much concern. For example, the population is growing faster than the economy in many African and some Asian countries. On the contrary, it is increasingly worrying that the low birth rates in Japan and many European countries have resulted in labor shortage. Experts predict that the population of the world will reach eight billion by the year 2025 or 2030.

　　【深圳市2017高考英语综合能力测试题（7）】读写任务（共1小题；满分25分）

　　阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

　　I was diagnosed with cancer at 31. When I heard this news, my heart sank. When Sally heard about my diagnosis, she approached me and was supportive. I was surprised at her kindness because she was almost a stranger to me. I had expressed fears of having chemotherapy (化疗).

　　Just before my firs chemotherapy, she gave me a gift. She told me she’d give me one of these gifts just before every chemotherapy until I finished all the treatment. I explained I’d be having chemotherapy every other week for months because I didn’t want her to be obligated(有义务的).

　　She told me that she wanted me to say, “What is Sally going to turn up with this time?” instead of

　　“I’ve got another painful chemotherapy session.”

　　Each time she came to see me, she brought a present. I was a bit embarrassed at first, but as treatment went on, I found myself looking forward to a beautifully wrapped gift, such as a candle, a book or a bar of chocolate, Carefully choosing gifts every time, she never missed one. It didn’t matter what the gift was. It made a difference that she cared enough to think of me every week, knowing I was going through a painful course that would in the end, save my life. Now when I look at these gifts, I am so grateful for Sally’s promise.

　　【写作内容】

　　1. 以约30个词总结上文：

　　2. 以约120个词就“信守承诺”这个话题发表自己的看法，并包括如下要点：

　　(1)你读后的感想；

　　(2)列举你或他人的事例并说明你的感想；

　　(3)你对“信守承诺”的理解或建议。

　　【写作要求】

　　1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

　　2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

　　【评分标准】

　　概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

　　____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　【参考范文】读写任务 (One possible version)

　　The author suffered from cancer, but Sally gave him a gift every time he had chemotherapy. With her timely and warm care, he smoothly went through the painful course.

　　　It is a touching story which has proved what “A promise is a promise” means. It is admirable that Sally made a promise and kept it from beginning to end. Take Li Xin, my deskmate for example. In Senior One, I did badly in math, and did not get along well with him. He promised to help me with my math every day after school. He never broke his promise and explained every minor mistake to me patiently. As time went by, I made great progress in math. Most importantly, we have become best friends ever since.

　　　It seems to me that keeping promises plays an important role in smoothing social communication. Once we make a promise, in no way should we break it.