2016届高考英语一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友（11）（北师大版）

　　语言朋友(11)

　　For years we have been dieting strictly after the year­end overeating, afraid that when summer comes, the bigger size we have accumulated will betray how we ate.Now scientists say, it's a little bug that causes obesity(肥胖)．

　　As the holiday season with its abundant feasting arrives, millions of food lovers are keeping an eye on their figures.But scientists have found that weight gain is not about too much Christmas turkey or hot chocolates, but some bacteria in your guts(肠)．

　　Chinese scientists recently discovered a type of bacteria in guts that may be to blame for obesity.

　　A research team led by Zhao Liping, a professor in Shanghai, has identified a precise link between a particular kind of bacteria and unusual weight gain.

　　“The endotoxin(内毒素) released by the bacterium can activate(激活) a gene that helps produce fat.And it also deactivates a gene that consumes fat，” Zhao says.

　　Scientists have long believed that microscopic organisms in the gut, microbiota, may play a very important role in weight gain, but they had never been able to prove it.

　　In 2004, American microbiologist Jeffrey Gordon and his colleagues discovered a general link between obesity and gut microbiota in mice.

　　While a link was believed to exist, proving it was another matter.

　　“The list of diseases that they may play a role in is just growing and growing，” says Lita Proctor, director of the US National Institutes of Health.“But the problem is that we're only able to look at associations and aren't yet able to conduct cause­and­effect studies.”

　　In the clinical study, researchers found a growth of too much endotoxin­producing bacteria, leading to 35 percent of the gut bacteria, in an obese patient whose initial weight was 175 kg.

　　Based on this information, researchers tried to cure the patient by feeding him a specialized nutritional liquid food to decrease the bacteria in his guts to ignorable amounts.

　　After 23 weeks, the patient lost 51.4 kg, with his fatty liver disease having almost disappeared.

　　解题导语：科学家们发现肥胖与肠道里的一种细菌有关。

　　1．We diet strictly after the year­end overeating because______．

　　A．we won't betray ourselves

　　B．we eat too much turkey

　　C．there are bacteria in our guts

　　D．we don't want to look fat

　　细节理解题。根据第一段“afraid that when summer comes, 可知是不想让别人看出身体胖故选D。2．What can be learned from Zhao's research?

　　A．Obesity is related to a kind of bacteria.

　　B．Healthy diet helps reduce your fat.

　　C．Chocolate doesn't cause weight gain.

　　D．Too much food leads to overweight.

　　细节理解题。根据第四段“has identified a precise link between a particular kind of bacteria and unusual weight gain”可知肥胖与一种细菌有关故选A。3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A．Scientists didn't try to find out the cause of overweight.

　　B．There is a link between mice's overweight and human's.

　　C．Lita proved the link between bacteria and weight gain.

　　D．Scientists found bacteria may be related to many diseases.

　　解析：细节理解题。根据第九段“The list of diseases that they may play a role in is just growing and growingD。4．The patient finally lost 51.4 kg of his weight after ________.

　　A．35 percent of his gut bacteria were killed

　　B．the amount of gut bacteria was decreased

　　C．he had a special kind of operation

　　D．his fatty liver had disappeared

　　细节理解题。根据第十一段内容可知研究者让病人吃一种特殊的食物以减少肠道里的细菌故选B。5．What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　A．People's eating habits.

　　B．Healthy lifestyles.

　　C．A medical discovery.

　　D．The consequence of obesity.主旨大意题。根据全文的内容来看这是关于人们肥胖的一个新的发现故选C。A man bought a donkey at the market one day and took him home.

　　The man had already owned several donkeys and he knew each one's character very well.One of the donkeys was very strong and brave.6.________

　　was eager to please but quickly exhausted.

　　One donkey was very lazy.He hated going to work in the morning and he did as little as he 7.________(possible) could all day long.When 8.________ other animals were being loaded up (装载货物), he always tried to be the last so that he would get the 9.________ (light) load.

　　The man took the new donkey into the yard.For a moment, he stood, 10.________ (sniff) at his new companions.Then, without hesitation (毫不犹豫地), he walked up to the lazy donkey and began having food comfortably 11.________ his side.

　　Though it was late in the day, the man immediately 12.________ (lead) the new donkey out of the yard, straight back to the market.

　　“It cannot be a fair trial，” said the merchant.“It has been only ten minutes 13.________ you bought him.”

　　“I don't need to try him any more，” replied the man.“I know just 14.________ he is like from the friend he chose for himself.Take him away and give me my money back.I can do without donkeys 15.________ him.”

　　解题导语：本文告诉我们一个道理：观友知人。

　　6．解析：根据上several donkeys”可知此处填不定代词another表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个”。答案：Another解析：此处填副词在句中作状语。答案：possibly解析：根据语境可知此处填定冠词the。答案：the解析：根据语境可知此处填形容词的最高级形式。答案：lightest解析：分析句子结构可知此处应填现在分词形式作伴随状语。答案：sniffing解析：at one's side为固定短语意为“在某人身侧”。答案：at解析：分析句子结构可知此处需填谓语动词由于是在记叙过去发生的事情故用一般过去时。答案：led解析：根据现在完成时可知此处应填连词since引导时间状语从句表示“自从……时起”。答案：since解析：此处填what引导宾语从句在从句中作介词like答案：what解析：根据语境可知此处填介词like表示“像”。答案：like