2016届高三（牛津版）英语一轮复习讲义 语法精讲 第十讲 并列句和状语从句

　　第十讲　并列句和状语从句

　　一、并列连词和并列句常见并列连词

　　表示并列关系 and(和同又)oth...and...(两者都……)(也同)

　　表示选择关系 or/or else(否则)(否则)(或者……或者……)(不是……而是……)

　　表示递进关系 and(而且)(不但……而且……)(既不……也不……)

　　表示转折关系 but(但是)(然而)(仍然)(然而)(尽管如此)

　　表示因果关系 so(所以)(因为)表示对比关系 while(而)

　　温馨提示 although/though不能与but连用但可以和yet连用。Although/Though we have grown up，our parents still treat us as children.＝We have grown upbut our parents still treat us as children.

　　①(2017·高考辽宁卷)However, and you should act like one.

　　②(2017·高考湖南卷)She would start either at the

　　front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.(2017·高考大纲全国卷)That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.(2017·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)I was glad to meet Jenny againbut I didn’t want to spend all day with her.

　　1．(2017·高考北京卷)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another________ plants can spread to new places.

　　A．soB．or解析：选A。句意：有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方因此植物就可以传播到新地方了。根据carry seeds与spread to new places可知两个分句之间存在因果关系。so表示因果关系意为“因此于是”符合要求。or意为“否则要不然”；for表示原因进行补充说明；but意为“但是”表示转折关系。(2017·高考天津卷)Give me a chance________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.

　　A．ifB．or

　　C．andD．while

　　解析：选C。考查祈使句＋and＋简单句。句意：给我一个机会________我就会给你一个大惊喜。由空格前的“给我一个机会”和空格后的“我就会给你一个大惊喜”可知空格前后两部分是顺接关系需用and连接所以选择C项。(2017·高考重庆卷)It’s not easy to change habits________with awareness and self­control，it is possible.

　　A．forB．or

　　C．butD．so解析：选C。句意：改变习惯不容易但是有了意识和自制力它是可能的。分析句子意思我们知道空格前后的句子存在转折关系。四个选项中项表“因为”；B项表“或者”；C项表“但是”；D项表“所以”。因此答案为C。其实后面的句子补充完整应为：it is possible to change habits with awareness and self­control。二、时间状语从句1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句

　　when 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生。从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。

　　作并列连词意为“那时这时”常用于be be doing...when...; had just done...when...; be on the point of doing...when...等结构中。

　　从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生强调一段时间从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。

　　表示“尽管”引导让步状语从句。

　　while作并列连词意为“而却”表示对比。

　　从

　　①(2017·高考大纲全国卷)Banks has zero ability when it comes to dealing with girls.当对付这些女孩时没有任何办法。while others are working.

　　别人在工作时别高声谈话。were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.一个周五我们正在打包动身去过周末就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。2．before与since 引导的时间状语从句(1)before 与since的常用句式

　　连词 词义 常用句式

　　在……之前；还未……就……；才……；还没来得及……就…… (not) be ＋一段时间＋before...(没有)过……时间才……

　　It was not long before...不久……就……

　　It was ＋一段时间＋before...过了……才……

　　自从……以来 ＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时)

　　It was＋一段时间＋since...(从句用过去完成时) (2)since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词或状态动词所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。(2017·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.但他不满足于简单地在这些东西消失之前把他们录制下来。since Qinghua University was founded.

　　据报道自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。自从他戒烟已经三年了。it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句(1) as soon as；immediately；directly；instantly；the moment/minute/instant；no sooner...than...；hardly...when...(2)hardly...when...; no sooner...than...中主句用过去完成时从句应用一般过去时；当hardly和no sooner 位于句首时主句要部分倒装。The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

　　我刚到办公室我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.

　　＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚结束演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。4．引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(1)until与till引导的时间状语从句意为“直到……时”引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时主句常用否定形式(2)every/each time，next time，the first time，whenever等引导的时间状语从句。(3)by the time引导时间状语从句时从句用一般现在时主句用将来完成时；从句用一般过去时主句用过去完成时。Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.每当我们遇到困难他们就来帮忙。By the time you come back，we will have finished the job. 当你回来的时候我们将已经完成这项工作了。

　　1．(2017·高考江西卷)It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.解析：选D。考查状语从句引导词的选择。句意：当我父亲叫醒我告诉我看足球比赛的时候是午夜。when在此引导时间状语从句。此题易误选A项原因是把这个句子看成了强调句如果在the middle of the night前加介词in则此句为强调句因此解此类题目时要注意分析句子成分。(2017·高考陕西卷)The young couple________I could ask for their names.

　　A．whileB．before解析：选B。考查语意逻辑关系。句意：那对年轻夫妻归还了我丢了的钱包我还没来得及问他们的名字他们就走了。根据空后的I could ask for their names可知我还没问他们的名字他们就走了所以此空应该填before(在……之前还没来得及……就……)。三、让步状语从句

　　让步状语从句 although；though；(即使)；whether...or(not)．..(不管……还是……)；while(尽管)；疑问词＋ever/＝no matter＋疑问词(不管……；无论… ①Although regular exercise is very important，it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.

　　②While I always felt I would pass the exam，I never thought I would get an A.

　　温馨提示 (1)although引导让步状语从句时只能用正常语序在引导让步状语从句时可用正常语序也可用倒装语序。as引导让步状语从句须用倒装。 ①Try as he might(2017·高考江苏卷)Lessons can be learned to face the futurethough history cannot be changed.

　　(2)though还可作副词单独置于句末意为“但是可是不过”。 It’s hard workthough.

　　(3)whoever，whatever，

　　whomever，whichever

　　还可以引导名词性从句。 The government has promised to do whatever helps to solve the problem of unemployment.

　　1．(2017·高考北京卷)________ the forest park is far 解析：选C。考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然森林公园离得很远但每年有很多游客会去游览。as引导让步状语从句但从句需要用倒装结构；when引导时间状语从句；even though相当于even if意为“尽管虽然”引导让步状语从句；in case意为“以防万一”引导条件状语从句。根据the forest park is far away是正常语序并未用倒装结构可知项符合句意和语法结构。(2017·高考山东卷)________I have to give a speech start.

　　A．WhateverB．Whenever

　　C．Whoever D．However

　　解析：选B。句意：每当我必须演讲时在开始前我都变得非常紧张。whatever“任何事物一切事物；无论怎样”引导名词性从句或让步状语从句；whenever“每当；无论什么时候”引导时间状语从句或让步状语从句；whoever“……的人；无论是谁不管是谁”引导名词性从句或让步状语从句；however“不管怎样”引导让步状语从句。故只有whenever符合句意。四、条件状语从句、原因状语从句与地点状语从句

　　从句类型 引导词 例句

　　条件状语从句 if；unless(除非如果不)；so(as)long as(只要)；once；in case(万一)；on condition that(条件是)；supposing/suppose(that)(假设；如果)；provided/providing(that)(如果) ①(2017·高考大纲全国卷)Unless some extra money is found, (2017·高考As long as there is kindness and virtue，the world will become more beautiful.

　　③Once they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.

　　原因状语从句 because；since；as；now(that)；seeing/considering(that)(考虑到；既然)①—Mumsince you have finished all your school assignments.

　　②As/Now that everybody is here，let’s begin our discussion.

　　③He must be ill，for he is absent today.

　　地点状语从句 where；wherever ①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.where you have any questions.(地点状语从句)where you have any questions.(定语从句)

　　1．(2017·高考湖南卷)You will never gain success ______ you are fully devoted to your work.解析：选D。考查条件状语从句。句意：除非你全心全意地去工作否则你将永远不会获得成功。从句和主句之间是条件关系也就是获得成功的前提是“全心全意地去工作”所以用unless引导条件状语从句。when和after引导时间状语从句引导原因状语从句不符合语境。(2017·高考四川卷)I’ll be out for some time.________ anything important happensNow that

　　解析：选A。考查条件状语从句。句意：我要出去一会儿。万一发生任何重要的事情立刻给我打电话。in case“万一”引导条件状语从句符合语境。as if “好像仿佛”引导方式状语从句；even though“纵然即使”引导now that“既然”引导原因状语从句。(2017·高考重庆卷)Half an hour latert a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her.

　　A．until B．when D．where解析：选D。考查地点状语从句。句意：半小时后露西仍然没until直到引导时间状语从句；when“当……时候”引导时间状语从句；although虽然引导让步状语从句；where“在……地方”引导地点状语从句。根据the bus had dropped her可知此处所填词引导地点状语从句故where正确。句中已有时间状语Half an hour later故when不符合语境。五、目的状语从句、结果状语从句与方式状语从句

　　从句类型 引导词 例句

　　目的状语从句 so that；in order that；in case(以防)；for fear that(唯恐以免) ①Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can hear you.in case/for fear that his father should see him.

　　结果状语从句 so that；so...；such...that ①The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother’s Day.so honest a worker/such an honest worker that we all believe him.

　　③He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare.

　　方式状语从句 as if/thoughas they are until the police arrive.

　　②The old man treats the boy as if he were his own son.

　　　(2017·高考浙江卷)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born ________ she could stay home and raise her family.解析：选D。考查目的状语从句。句意：当儿子出生时凯茜就已辞去了工作目的是她能够待在家里抚养孩子。now that“既然”引导原因状语从句；as if“好像仿佛”引导方式状语从句；only if“只要”引导条件状语从句；so that“目的是quit her job以及stay home and raise her family可知是前面辞职的目的故要用so that引导目的状语从句。

　　1．One important aim of our school is to prepare us for the future________we can face all the challenges with confidence.

　　A．in that B．even if解析：选C。考查状语从句。句意：我们学校的一个重要目的就是让我们为未来做好准备以便我们能够满怀信心地面对所有挑战。根据句意可so that引导目的状语从句表示“以便”。________ you call watching TV a hobby.

　　A．unlessB．since

　　C．ifD．when

　　解析：选A。考查状语从句。句意：——Lily真是个无趣的人。——你说A项。(2017·镇江质检)I took my ID card with me on holiday________I wanted to live in a hotel.

　　A．in caseB．ever since

　　C．even ifD．if only

　　解析：选A。句意：我度假的时候随身带着我的身份证in case引导目的状语从句表示“以防万一”。(2017·北京东城区统一检测)Everyone tells me I’m a good speaker________I really don’t like speaking in public.

　　A．and B．so

　　C．butD．or

　　解析：选C。句意：每个人都告诉我我是个优秀的演讲者但是我真的不but。(2017·连云港模拟)She is a self­centered girl________you can’t help liking her.

　　A．and B．or

　　C．soD．yet

　　解析：选D。句意：她是个以自我为中心的女孩可是你却会忍不住喜欢上她。此处题干中的前后两个句子在语意上为转折关系故用yet“尽管然而”。(2017·四川川中名校高三联考)________bad the circumstance isirits，we can succeed in the end.

　　A．WhereverB．Whenever

　　C．HoweverD．Whatever

　　解析：选C。考查让步状语从句。句意：不管环境多么糟糕只要我bad，故用However。(2017·四川三校高三下学期联考)________you want to avoid the uncomfortable feeling of visiting the dentist解析：选A。考查状语从句。句意：如果你想避免因看牙医而产生的不舒服的感觉你最好保持牙齿健康。根据句意用if引导条件状语从句。(2017·长沙重点中学模拟)I’ve always been a writer, ________ I was in my early thirties.

　　A．whenB．until

　　C．afterD．unless

　　解析：选B。考查状语从句。句意：我一直是一名作家但是直到我三十出头我才看到这种可能性。引导时间状语从句与前面的否定词构成not...until...结构意为“直到……才……”。(2017·皖北协作区高三联考)Sleeping pills should never be taken ________ suggested by a doctor because they will do great harm to people’s health.解析：选C。考查状语从句。句意：除非医生建议否则不要吃安眠药因为它对人的健康危害很大。这里用except表示“除了……之外”再接when引导的状语从句表示“除了……的时候”。(2017·四川绵阳第一次诊断)________you are always optimistic and self­confident, Since

　　C．While D．So

　　解析：选B。考查连词。句意：既然你总是乐观、自信我迫不及待地想和你交朋友。though尽管虽然；since既然由于；while当……的时候尽管；so所B。(2017·合肥教学质量检测)How can you expect to get ahead in your life ________ you even live to yourself from time to time?解析：选D。考查连词。句意：你有时甚至过着孤独的生活既然这样又怎么when引导并列句表示“既然”。本题要注意下面几点：句中的get ahead in one’s life表示“出人头地”表示“过孤独的生活”在这里引导的是并列句而不是状语从句连词表示“既然”。(2017·湖南十三校联考)I wish my house would be built________we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers.解析：选C。考查状语从句。句意：我希望我的房子建在可以欣赏到美丽的山水风景的地方。根据句意可知设空处引导地点状语从句故答案为C项。A项用来引导定语从句但本句中没有先行词故被排除；what引导名词性从句；D项引导定语从句或名词性从句。(2017·重庆联合测试)You’re well prepared for the job interview________there’s no need for you to get so nervous.

　　A．orB．while

　　C．butD．so

　　解析：选D。句意：你为工作面试做了充分的准备因此你没必要这么紧张。空处前后两句在语意上为因果关系故用so表示“因此所以”。(2017·陕西长安一中、高新一中等五校模拟)—May I go to play football with Dick now________your work has not been done.

　　A．beforeB．until

　　C．afterD．as

　　解析：选D。考查状语从句。句意：——爸爸我现在能出去和迪克踢足as引导原因状语从句表示“因为”。(2017·厦门适应性考试)Take the note as a reminder________we might forget to buy what we need while shopping.解析：选B。句意：带着便条来提醒我们以防购物时我们可能忘记买我们需要的东西。in case“以防万一”符合句意。