2016届高考英语人教版一轮复习：课时作业2

　　课时作业2　English around the world

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　(2017·湖北省天门中学元月质检)

　　Heavy snowfall and chilling temperatures of －30℃ do not stop criminals in northern Russia.

　　Now police trying to maintain law in the region are struggling on their snowmobiles and want to use reindeer to combat crime on the bleak tundra(阴冷的冻土地带)．

　　They say that that mammals are more reliable than their machines and can run fast on deep snow thanks to their adaptable hooves.

　　Some areas of the country's Arctic region are only accessible by reindeer and the lzvestia newspaper has reported that a gang of Siberia's indigenous(本土的) people are using reindeer to make a speedy get away from crime scenes, leaving police on snowmobiles behind.

　　Russian police chasing the criminals told the newspaper that their snowmobiles can break down and run out of gas—unlike reindeer.

　　Irina Pimkina from the region's Interior said：“Of course we have snowmobiles in service, but one should understand that a machine is a machine.” “A snowmobile can break down or get stuck in the tundra, but the deer will run at all times.”

　　The force believes that the animals will give them an edge in policing the remote area and they have been asking for reindeer recruits for two years.

　　Reindeer's hooves are unique because they adapt to seasonal weather conditions, Mother Nature Network reported.

　　When ground is soft in the summer, the bottoms of the animal's hooves act like sponges to provide traction(牵引力)，while the rim(边缘) of the hoof becomes exposed in the winter.

　　This means that they can cut into ice and snow to stop them from slipping. They even use them to dig down through hard snow so they can find their favorite food—a lichen known as reindeer moss.

　　The vision of reindeer may also outperform a snowmobile's lights, because the animals can see ultraviolet light.

　　Snow reflects up to 90 percent of UV light and this ability helps the animals to see clearly in dim lighting and landscapes that are largely white, where may objects blend unto the landscape.

　　Things like fur and urine, for example, show up clearly in ultraviolet light, compared to what humans see.

　　A study by University College London(UCL) revealed in 2011 that reindeer can see light with wavelengths as short as 320 nanometers(nm), considerably below the human threshold of 400 nm.

　　Researchers from the University of Troms discovered that the eyes of reindeer change color according to the seasons too.

　　While it may seem funny that policemen could use reindeer like a police car, the country's navy already uses animals to enforce rules.

　　The Russian Defense Ministry uses donkeys to patrol(巡逻) the country's mountain ranges, while the Navy employed the help of dolphins to enable them to detect underwater mines.

　　1．Which one of the following statements is NOT the reason why police want to use reindeer to chase criminals on snow?

　　A．Their hooves can stop them from slipping.

　　B．They can see ultraviolet light.

　　C．Their hooves act like sponges to provide traction.

　　D．They will run at all times.

　　2．What does the underlined word “outperform” in Paragraph 11 mean?

　　A．as strong asB．stronger than

　　C．as good as

　　D．better than

　　3．What does the last two paragraphs imply?

　　A．The idea of using reindeer as a police car is funny.

　　B．The idea of using animals to enforce rules is not new.

　　C．Animals are cleverer than human beings.

　　D．Dolphins can help detect underwater mines.

　　4．What does the passage mainly tell us?

　　A．Mammals are more reliable than machines.

　　B．Police in northern Russian want to use reindeer to fight against crime.

　　C．The version of reindeer is better than man.

　　D．Reindeer's hooves can adapt to seasonal weather conditions.

　　答案与解析

　　1．C　细节理解题。从第六段最后一句．..but the deer will run at all times.可知D项正确；从第十一小段．..because the animals can see ultraviolet light. 可知B项正确；从第九小段When ground is ...act like sponges to provide traction(牵引力)．..可知A项正确。

　　2．D　词义猜测题。从画线后的because the animals can see ultraviolet light可知D项正确。

　　3．B　推理判断题。从最后两段内容可知B项正确。

　　4．B　主旨大意题。从第二段Now police trying to maintain law in the region are...and want to use reindeer to combat crime...可知B项正确。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top __1__， but on their way back conditions were very __2__. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon __3__ alone, he would probably get back __4__. But Simon decided to risk his __5__ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳)．

　　As they __6__ down, the weather got worse. Then another __7__ occurred. They couldn't see or hear each other and, __8__， Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁). It was __9__for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe's __10__ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. __11__， after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to __12__. In tears, he cut the rope. Joe __13__ into a huge crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn't walk, but he __14__ to get out of the crevasse and started to __15__ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers __16__.

　　Simon had __17__ the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be __18__， but he didn't want to leave __19__. Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe's voice. He couldn't __20__ it. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.

　　1．A.hurriedly　B．carefully

　　C．successfully

　　D．early

　　2．A.difficult

　　B．similar

　　C．special

　　D．normal

　　3．A.climbed

　　B．worked

　　C．rested

　　D．continued

　　4．A.unwillingly

　　B．safely

　　C．slowly

　　D．regretfully

　　5．A.fortune

　　B．time

　　C．health

　　D．life

　　6．A.lay

　　B．settled

　　C．went

　　D．looked

　　7．A.damage

　　B．storm

　　C．change

　　D．trouble

　　8．A.by mistake

　　B．by chance

　　C．by choice

　　D．by luck

　　9．A.unnecessary

　　B．practical

　　C．important

　　D．impossible

　　10．A.height

　　B．weight

　　C．strength

　　D．equipment

　　11．A.Finally

　　B．Patiently

　　C．Surely

　　D．Quickly

　　12．A.stand back

　　B．take a rest

　　C．make a decision

　　D．hold on

　　13．A.jumped

　　B．fell

　　C．escaped

　　D．backed

　　14．A.managed

　　B．planned

　　C．waited

　　D．hoped

　　15．A.run

　　B．skate

　　C．move

　　D．march

　　16．A.around

　　B．away

　　C．above

　　D．along

　　17．A.headed for

　　B．traveled to

　　C．left for

　　D．returned to

　　18．A.dead

　　B．hurt

　　C．weak

　　D．late

　　19．A.secretly

　　B．tiredly

　　C．immediately

　　D．anxiously

　　20．A.find

　　B．believe

　　C．make

　　D．accept

　　答案与解析

　　乔和西蒙是首批登上安第斯山脉 Siula Grande 峰的人，但在下山时，由于气候条件的变化，乔失足摔下，虽然摔断了一条腿，但三天后西蒙听到乔的声音出现在离他们帐篷几米远的地方。

　　1．C　根据空后的“but on their way back...”可推知他们成功登顶，故选 successfully。

　　2．A　由空后的“Joe fell and broke his leg.”可推知当时的气候条件一定很糟糕，故选 difficult。

　　3．D　上句提到了乔失足摔下，故此处用 continued 表示“他们两个都知道，如果西蒙独自继续下去的话”。

　　4．B　此处用 safely 表示“他大概能够安全地返回。”

　　5．D　fortune “运气，财富”； time “时间”； health “健康”； life “生命”。此处用 life 表示“但是西蒙决定拿自己的生命去冒险”。

　　6．C　此处用 went 表示“当他们往山下去的时候，天气变得更加糟糕。”

　　7．D　由上句中的“the weather got worse”可知，另外的麻烦出现了，故选 trouble。

　　8．A　由于上句提到了“They couldn't see or hear each other”，所以此处应选择 by mistake，表示“他错误地把他的朋友降到了峭壁的边缘”。

　　9．D　由上句的 “lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice (峭壁)”可知，对乔来说，爬回来或者西蒙把他拽回来是不可能的，故选D项。

　　10．B　由于乔在峭壁的边缘，所以他的体重把西蒙也慢慢地拉向了峭壁。故选B项。

　　11．A　由“after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold”可知，此处用 Finally 表示“最终……”。

　　12．C　此处用 make a decision 表示“西蒙不得不下决心，割断绳子”。

　　13．B　既然西蒙把绳子割断了，所以乔掉进了下面一个巨大的冰缝里。故选 fell。

　　14．A　由上句的 “He couldn't walk”以及空前的 but 可知此处用 managed 表示“他设法从冰缝中爬了出去”。

　　15．C　由第一段内容可知，此处应选择 move 表示“朝他们的营地移动”。

　　16．B　表示“他们的营地在接近10千米远的地方”要用 away。

　　17．D　head for “前往”； travel to “到……去”； leave for “动身去……”； return to “回到……”。此处用 returned to 表示“西蒙已经回到了山脚下的营地。”

　　18．A　由空后的“but he didn't want to leave”可知此处应选择 dead 与该段最后的 alive 呼应，表示“他认为乔一定死了。”

　　19．C　此处用 immediately 表示“他不想马上离开。”

　　20．B　此处用 believe 表示“他不敢相信这件事情是真的：乔就在距离他们的帐篷几米远的地方，仍然活着”。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　(2017·河南省周口市月考)

　　A：I like English very much. One reason is __1__ it is important and __2__(frequent) used in international business.

　　B：Yes. It plays an important part __3__ the modern world. __4__ present a large number of people __5__ learning it and the number of the people learning English __6__ increasing.

　　A：__7__we all know, there are a lot of __8__(express) used in daily communication. Could you speak standard English?

　　B：No, but believe __9__ or not, there is no such thing as standard English. What we need to do is to speak fluent English and make use __10__ the language as often as possible.

　　A：Maybe you are right. Let's try our best.

　　答案与解析

　　1．that　that 引导表语从句，无意义，也不充当任何句子成分。

　　2．frequently　修饰实义动词用副词。

　　3．in　play an important part in 在……中起作用。

　　4．At　at present 目前，现在。

　　5．are　a large number of... 作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

　　6．is　the number of... 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　7．As　as we all know 就我们所知。

　　8．expressions　a lot of 后跟复数名词。

　　9．it　believe it or not 信不信由你。

　　10．of　make use of 利用。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　Dear Lucy，

　　I am very excited to learn that you're coming to Xi'an for travel. Both my parent miss you a lot. So is our friend, Ruby. April is best time of the year to visit Xi'an. There is only a few rain and the weather is neither too hot or too cold. There are so many places I wanted to take you to after I finish my work like a volunteer in the local charity. When you come, you can stay with ourselves. My house is about three kilometers far away from Xi'an Moslem Street where is full of local foods.

　　Best regards，

　　Janet

　　答案

　　Dear Lucy，

　　I am very excited to learn that you're coming to Xi'an for travel. Both my

　　miss you a lot. So

　　our friend, Ruby. April is

　　best time of the year to visit Xi'an. There is only a

　　rain and the weather is neither too hot

　　too cold. There are so many places I

　　to take you to after I finish my work

　　a volunteer in the local charity. When you come, you can stay with . My house is about three kilometers

　　away from Xi'an Moslem Street

　　is full of local foods.

　　Best regards，

　　Janet