2016届高考英语人教版一轮复习：课时作业12

　　课时作业12　Healthy eating

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　(2017·湖北省重点中学联考)

　　“Eat local.” It's one way to reduce human effect on the planet. Eating local means to try to buy and consume foods that are grown in places close to home. However, most of the food sold at supermarkets is not locally grown or produced. Trucks and planes deliver these foods from hundreds or thousands of miles away. During the transportation, greenhouse gases are produced, causing global warming. So the shorter the distance your foods must travel, the less the harm is done to the environment.

　　But how do you get local food if you live in a large city, hundreds of miles away from farms ? Environmental health scientist Dickson Despommier and his students came up with the idea of a “vertical(垂直的) farm”．

　　A vertical farm is a glass­walled structure that could be built as tall as a skyscraper. Since the garden is built upwards, rather than outwards, it requires much less space than an ordinary farm. The world is quickly running out of room for ordinary farming. Vertical farms could be a key to this situation. Despommier imagines a 30­story building with a greenhouse on every floor. The walls of the building would be clear, to allow crops to get as much sunlight as possible. Depending on a city's water resources, Despommier thinks hydroponic(水培) farming is another method for the vertical farm which needs no soil to grow plants.

　　Despommier says the hydroponic greenhouses would use a system that would use a city's waste water and fill it with nutrition to make the crops grow. If this method works, it would provide food to a city and save millions of tons of water.

　　The idea of a vertical farm has attracted the attention of government officials around the world. Scott Stringer, a government official from New York City, thinks the city is suitable for the vertical farming. “Obviously we don't have much land left for us，” Stringer said, “But the sky is the limit in Manhattan.”

　　Despommier admits that there is still a lot of work to do to make vertical farms a reality. “But I think vertical farming is an idea that can work in a big way.” he says.

　　1．Why are people advised to eat local?

　　A．Because it means convenience to people.

　　B．Because it can help people save a lot of money.

　　C．Because local food has more nutrition.

　　D．Because it is environmentally friendly.

　　2．Which is one of the vertical farm's benefits when compared with ordinary farming?

　　A．It produces healthier food.

　　B．It does less harm to the cities.

　　C．It consumes more energy of the city.

　　D．It needs less space of the city.

　　3．By saying “the sky is the limit in Manhattan”， Stringer means ________.

　　A．people can make full use of vertical space of Manhattan

　　B．there is a limit for using empty land in Manhattan

　　C．the height of buildings in Manhattan is limited

　　D．Manhattan has a great potential for development

　　4．What can we learn about the vertical farming in the passage?

　　A．In a vertical farm, soil may not be needed to grow plants.

　　B．It has solved the problem of the food shortage in a big way.

　　C．It is a 30­story building with a greenhouse on every floor.

　　D．Crops are mainly grown in the rainwater in a vertical farm.

　　答案与解析

　　这篇文章介绍了建议人们吃当地食物，因为对环境有好处。

　　1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句So the shorter the distance your foods must travel, the less the harm is done to the environment. 可知人们被建议吃当地食物的原因是对环境有好处，故选D项。

　　2．D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The idea of a vertical farm has attracted the attention of government officials around the world. Scott Stringer, a government official from New York City, thinks the city is suitable for the vertical farming. “Obviously we don't have much land left for us，” Stringer said, “But the sky is the limit in Manhattan.”可知优点在于它需要城市中比较少的空间，故选D项。

　　3．A　句意理解题。根据最后一段Despommier admits that there is still a lot of work to do to make vertical farms a reality. “But I think vertical farming is an idea that can work in a big way.” he says. 可知Stringer 的意思是人们应该充分利用曼哈顿的垂直空间，故选A项。

　　4．A　推理判断题。第三段最后一句Despommier thinks hydroponic(水培的) farming is another method for the vertical farm which needs no soil to grow plants. 可知有些农田不需要土壤来生长植物，故选A项。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　One night, when I was eight, my mother gently asked me a question I would never forget. “Sweetie, my company wants to __1__ me but needs me to work in Brazil. This is like your teacher telling you that you've done __2__ and allowing you to skip a grade(跳级), but you'll have to

　　__3__

　　your friends. Would you say yes to your teacher？” She gave me a hug and asked me to think about it. I was puzzled. The question kept me __4__ for the rest of the night. I had said “yes” but for the first time, I realized the __5__ decisions adults had to make.

　　For almost four years, my mother would call us from Brazil every day. Every evening I'd

　　__6__

　　wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day. A phone call, however, could never replace her

　　__7__

　　and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times.

　　During my fourthgrade Christmas break, we flew to Rio to visit her. Looking at her large

　　__8__

　　apartment, I became

　　__9__

　　how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself. It was then __10__

　　I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on

　　__11__

　　family and work.

　　__12__

　　difficult decisions, she used to tell me, you wouldn't know whether you made the right choice, but you could always make the best out of the situation, with passion and a

　　__13__

　　attitude.

　　Back home, I

　　__14__

　　myself that what my mother could do, I could, too. If she __15__

　　to live in Rio all by herself, I, too, could learn to be

　　__16__

　　. I learnt how to take care of myself and set high but achievable

　　__17__.

　　My mother is now back with us. But I will never forget what the

　　__18__

　　has really taught me. Sacrifices

　　__19__

　　in the end. The separation between us has proved to be a __20__ for me.

　　1．A.attract　B．promote

　　C．surprise

　　D．praise

　　2．A.little

　　B．much

　　C．well

　　D．wrong

　　3．A.leave

　　B．refuse

　　C．contact

　　D．forgive

　　4．A.explaining

　　B．sleeping

　　C．wondering

　　D．regretting

　　5．A.poor

　　B．timely

　　C．final

　　D．tough

　　6．A.eagerly

　　B．politely

　　C．nervously

　　D．curiously

　　7．A.patience

　　B．presence

　　C．intelligence

　　D．influence

　　8．A.comfortable

　　B．expensive

　　C．empty

　　D．modern

　　9．A.interested in

　　B．aware of

　　C．doubtful about

　　D．satisfied with

　　10．A.when

　　B．where

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　11．A.abandoning

　　B．balancing

　　C．comparing

　　D．mixing

　　12．A.Depending on

　　B．Supplied with

　　C．Faced with

　　D．Insisting on

　　13．A.different

　　B．friendly

　　C．positive

　　D．general

　　14．A.criticized

　　B．informed

　　C．warned

　　D．reminded

　　15．A.managed

　　B．offered

　　C．attempted

　　D．expected

　　16．A.grateful

　　B．energetic

　　C．independent

　　D．practical

　　17．A.examples

　　B．limits

　　C．rules

　　D．goals

　　18．A.question

　　B．experience

　　C．history

　　D．occasion

　　19．A.pay off

　　B．come back

　　C．run out

　　D．turn up

　　20．A.blessing

　　B．gathering

　　C．failure

　　D．pleasure

　　答案与解析

　　母爱无言，妈妈为家庭所做的努力和牺牲让作者体会颇深，使作者学会了独立和设定有一定高度但可达到的目标。

　　1．B　下文提到“就像你老师说你做得好能跳级一样”可推断，此处指妈妈的公司想提拔妈妈，故选B项。attract “吸引”； promote “提升，提拔”； surprise “吃惊”； praise “表扬”。

　　2．C　能跳级说明学习很好，故选C项。

　　3．A　既然要跳级，当然要离开自己的朋友，故选A项。leave “离开”； refuse “拒绝”； contact “联系”； forgive “原谅”。

　　4．C　整个晚上的其他时间“我”都在想这个问题。explain “解释”； sleeping “睡觉”； wonder “想知道，琢磨”； regret “后悔，遗憾”。

　　5．D　“我”首次意识到大人们要做的艰难的选择。poor “贫穷的”； timely “及时的”； final “最终的”； tough “困难的，艰难的”。

　　6．A　前文提到妈妈每天都会给“我”打电话，下文提到“我”告诉她生活中的点滴，故此处表示每天傍晚“我”都会急切地等在电话前。eagerly “急切地”； politely “有礼貌地”； nervously “紧张地”； curiously “好奇地”。

　　7．B　后文提到作者放假去看望妈妈可知，此处表示的是即使妈妈每天打电话也不能代替她在身边，故选B项。patience “耐心”； presence “在场”； intelligence “智力”； influence “影响”。

　　8．C　根据下文“how lonely my mother”可知妈妈很孤独，所以她住的公寓应该也是空荡荡的。comfortable “舒服的”； expensive “昂贵的”； empty “空的”； modern “现代的”。

　　9．B　看到妈妈空荡荡的公寓“我”意识到妈妈一个人在巴西是多么孤独。become interested in “对……感兴趣”； become aware of “意识到”； become doubtful about “对……怀疑”； become satisfied with “对……满意”。

　　10．D　就是在那时“我”开始钦佩妈妈所做出的艰难的选择。It was...that...构成强调句型。

　　11．B　妈妈要在工作和家庭之间保持平衡。abandon “放弃”； balance “平衡”； compare “比较”； mix “混合”。

　　12．C　妈妈告诉“我”在面临这些艰难选择时，你不知道你所做的决定是否正确。depend on “取决于；依赖”； supply with “提供”； be faced with “面临，面对”； insist on “坚持”。

　　13．C　根据 passion 可知妈妈告诉作者要充分利用所处的境地，要有热情和积极的态度。different “不同的”； friendly “友好的”； positive “积极的”； general “一般的”。

　　14．D　前文提到“我”意识到妈妈所做的一切有多么困难，回来后“我”不断提醒自己妈妈能做的“我”也能做到，故选D项。criticize “批评”； inform “告诉，通知”； warn “警告”； remind “提醒”。

　　15．A　如果妈妈能独自在里约热内卢生活，“我”也能独立。manage to do “成功做某事”； offer to do “主动做某事”； attempt to do “试图做某事”； expect to do “希望做某事”。

　　16．C　根据 take care of myself(照顾“我”自己)可知此处表示“我”也能学会独立。grateful “感激的”； energetic “精力充沛的”； independent “独立的”； practical “实际的”。

　　17．D　此处表示作者会为自己设定有一定高度但能达到的目标。example “例子”； limit “限制”； rule “规则”； goal “目标”。

　　18．B　“我”永远也不会忘记那次经历所教会“我”的。question “问题”； experience “经历”； history “历史”； occasion “场合”。

　　19．A　牺牲最终得到了回报。pay off “取得好的结果，得到回报”； come back “回来”； run out “用完”； turn up “出现，调大”。

　　20．A　“我”与妈妈的分离结果成为了对“我”有益的事情。blessing “祝福，好事，有益之事”； gathering “聚集，聚会”； failure “失败”； pleasure “快乐”。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　Mr. Jones woke early one morning. It was a beautiful morning, so he went to the window and looked out. He was surprised to see a __1__ (neat) dressed, middle­aged professor, __2__ worked in the university near his house. He had grey hair and thick glasses, and was carrying __3__ umbrella, a morning news paper and a bag. Mr. Jones thought that he must have arrived by the night train and decided to walk to the university instead of __4__ (take) a taxi.

　　Mr. Jones had a big tree in his garden, and the children had tied a long rope to one of its __5__ (branch) so that they could swing on it.

　　Mr. Jones was surprised to see the professor stop and look __6__ (care) up and down the road. When he saw that there was nobody __7__ sight, he stepped into the garden (there was no fence), put his umbrella, newspaper, bag and hat neatly on the grass and took hold of the rope. He pulled it hard to see __8__

　　it was strong enough to take his weight, then ran as fast as he could and __9__ (swing) into the air on the end of the rope.

　　At last the professor stopped and continued on his way __10__ the university, looking as quiet and correct as one would expect a professor to be.

　　答案与解析

　　1．neatly　修饰实义动词用副词。

　　2．who　先行词为人，定语从句中缺主语，故用 who 引导。

　　3．an　表示“一个”，用不定冠词。

　　4．taking　介词后用动名词作宾语。

　　5．branches　one of 后跟复数名词。

　　6．carefully　修饰实义动词用副词。

　　7．in　in sight 看得见。

　　8．whether/if　whether/if引导宾语从句意为“是否”。

　　9．swung　该空与 ran 并列，故用过去式 swung。

　　10．to　on one's way to 在某人去某地的路上。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　(2017·浙江省宁波市阶段性考试)

　　Dear Sir or Madam，

　　Thank you for taking your time to read my letter. I am writing to apply to be a volunteer of the coming International Trade Exposition.

　　All our citizens are host for this great event. All of us should work hard to make well preparations for it. I promise I would try to serve for our honored guests from all over the world with enthusiasm. Besides, have a rich knowledge of Chinese history, I will be not only a servant but also a carrier for our splendidly culture. What's more, English, an international language, will play important role in communication during the Exposition. Unluckily, I am good at them and can express myself fluently and clearly in English.

　　To sum up, I believe I can be a qualified volunteer. I will value the chance and do that I can if I could be accepted to be one.

　　Yours，

　　Susan

　　答案

　　Dear Sir or Madam，

　　Thank you for taking your time to read my letter. I am writing to apply to be a volunteer of the coming International Trade Exposition.

　　All our citizens are

　　for this great event. All of us should work hard to make

　　preparations for it. I promise I

　　try to serve

　　our honored guests from all over the world with enthusiasm. Besides,

　　a rich knowledge of Chinese history, I will be not only a servant but also a carrier for our

　　culture. What's more, English, an international language, will play

　　important role in communication during the Exposition. ， I am good at

　　and can express myself fluently and clearly in English.

　　To sum up, I believe I can be a qualified volunteer. I will value the chance and do

　　I can if I could be accepted to be one.

　　Yours，

　　Susan