2016届高考英语人教版一轮复习：课时作业14

　　课时作业14　Astronomy：the science of the stars

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　In Los Angeles, drivers spend sixty­one hours every year stuck in traffic. These drivers know all too well how bad the traffic can be. “There're too many cars, and you can't move around a lot.”

　　Professor Cyrus Shahabi also knows about traffic jams. He lives more than 65 kilometers from his office at the University of Southern California, in Los Angeles. He is always late even with the help of a navigation (导航) system.

　　He decided to develop a program called ClearPath for that. He says his program uses historical data to predict traffic conditions even before the driver leaves the house. “What's unique is that we use a lot of data that's currently become available including traffic data, weather data, and we analyze that so that we can predict what's going to happen in front of you when you leave home.”

　　Professor Shahabi says his system does more than just respond to current traffic conditions. With ClearPath, he says, a driver can decide what time he wants to leave, and ClearPath will give the fastest route. It looks at the entire road network, including surface streets as well as highways, before the driver hits the road. Professor Shahabi hopes to have ClearPath available nationwide and overseas once they can collect traffic data from other cities.

　　“I always thought that Los Angeles had the worst traffic, but now I know that Shanghai, Beijing, Seoul, Tokyo, believe it or not, Singapore, Hong Kong certainly are examples that can immediately use this.”

　　Professor Shahabi hopes to share this new technology with companies that already have navigation systems, such as Google and Apple.

　　1．Drivers in Los Angeles were mentioned in order to ______.

　　A．show care for them B．introduce their life

　　C．solve traffic problems

　　D．raise the topic

　　2．What is unique about ClearPath?

　　A．It can use a lot of information all over the world.

　　B．It can ensure that you will never be late for work.

　　C．It helps drivers see clearly what happens on the road.

　　D．It helps drivers know the road conditions ahead of time.

　　3．The underlined word “hits” in the fourth paragraph probably means ________.

　　A．have an accident

　　B．get to

　　C．turn left or right

　　D．collect traffic data

　　4．What's Professor Shahabi's attitude toward his invention?

　　A．Disappointed.

　　B．Proud.

　　C．Optimistic.

　　D．Worried.

　　答案与解析

　　1．D　写作意图题。通过举例来引起下文，提出主题。

　　2．D　细节理解题。由第三段中 What's unique is that we use a lot of data that's currently...so that we can predict what's going to happen in front of you when you leave home. 可知。

　　3．B　词义猜测题。由本段上一句可知，在司机出发之前，这个系统会对路况进行分析。

　　4．C　观点态度题。由文章最后一段可知，Professor Shahabi 希望自己的发明能够得到进一步推广，对前景很乐观。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.

　　It was a need that he first __1__ back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an __2__， he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldn't afford the __3__ at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done __4__ his farmwork routines. He withdrew from many school activities __5__ he didn't have the time or the __6__. He had only one good suit. He tried __7__ the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too __8__. During this period Dale was slowly __9__ an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could __10__ him from achieving his real potential. She __11__ that Dale join the debating team, believing that __12__ in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.

　　Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts __13__ made it. This proved to be a __14__ point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the __15__ he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in __16__. Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, __17__， were winning contests.

　　Out of this early struggle to __18__ his feelings of inferiority, Dale came to understand that the ability to __19__ an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence. And, __20__ it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and so could others.

　　1．A.admitted

　　B．filled

　　C．supplied

　　D．recognized

　　2．A.assignment

　　B．education

　　C．advantage

　　D．instruction

　　3．A.training

　　B．board

　　C．teaching

　　D．equipment

　　4．A.between

　　B．during

　　C．over

　　D．through

　　5．A.while

　　B．when

　　C．because

　　D．though

　　6．A.permits

　　B．interest

　　C．talent

　　D．clothes

　　7．A.on

　　B．for

　　C．in

　　D．with

　　8．A.light

　　B．flexible

　　C．optimistic

　　D．outgoing

　　9．A.gaining

　　B．achieving

　　C．developing

　　D．obtaining

　　10．A.prevent

　　B．protect

　　C．save

　　D．free

　　11．A.suggested

　　B．demanded

　　C．required

　　D．insisted

　　12．A.presence

　　B．practice

　　C．patience

　　D．potential

　　13．A.hopefully

　　B．certainly

　　C．finally

　　D．naturally

　　14．A.key

　　B．breaking

　　C．basic

　　D．turning

　　15．A.progress

　　B．experience

　　C．competence

　　D．confidence

　　16．A.horseriding

　　B．football

　　C．speech

　　D．farming

　　17．A.in return

　　B．in brief

　　C．in turn

　　D．in fact

　　18．A.convey

　　B．overcome

　　C．understand

　　D．build

　　19．A.express

　　B．stress

　　C．contribute

　　D．repeat

　　20．A.besides

　　B．beyond

　　C．like

　　D．with

　　答案与解析

　　本文为记叙文，主要介绍美国著名的人际关系学大师戴尔·卡耐基是如何通过演讲克服自卑走向成功的故事。

　　1．D　此处表示这是在1906年他第一次认识到的一种需要。故用 recognize “认出；认识到；了解”。

　　2．B　根据下文提到的他的大学经历可知，此处表示他想接受教育。故用 education。

　　3．B　他家庭很穷，他父亲付不起食宿费，因此他要骑马往返学校。training “训练”； board “食宿”； teaching “教学”； equipment “设备”，根据句意可知B项正确。

　　4．A　他不但要在农场工作，也要去上学。between “在……之间”符合语境。

　　5．C　他放弃许多学校活动，因为他没有时间或合适的服装。此处表示原因，故用 because。

　　6．D　根据下文的“He had only one good suit.”可知，此处表示没有参加这些活动的服装。

　　7．B　此处表示他为了进足球队努力过，但被教练拒绝。for 表示目的。

　　8．A　只有 light “轻”才能符合教练拒绝的理由。此处表示他身材矮小，体重轻。flexible “灵活的”； optimistic “乐观的”； outgoing “外向的”。

　　9．C　在这段时间里他慢慢地产生了自卑感。gain “获得”； achieve “完成，实现”； develop “发展，培养，形成”； obtain “获得”。此处表示慢慢培养的一种过程，故用 develop。

　　10．A　他母亲知道这会阻止他发挥他的潜能。prevent...from doing “阻止……做某事”。

　　11．A　根据下文第三段开头“Dale took his mother's advice.”可知，此处表示他母亲对他的提议。故只有 suggest 合适。

　　12．B　母亲认为让他参加辩论小组，通过演讲可以让他获得信心。presence “在场”； practice “练习”； patience “耐心”； potential “潜能”。故B项正确。

　　13．C　他听从母亲的建议，发奋努力，经过几次尝试最终获得成功。finally “最后；终于”符合句意。

　　14．D　这次成功对他来说是一个转折点。a turning point “一个转折点”符合语境，表示他由自卑转为自信。

　　15．D　根据上下文可知他通过演讲最终获得他所需要的信心。progress “进步”； experience “经验，经历”； competence “能力”； confidence “信心”。D项符合语境。

　　16．C　根据上文提到的 speaking 可知，他在演讲方面获得每一个最高荣誉。故用 speech。

　　17．C　他开始指导学生演讲，而他们也反过来赢得了多场比赛。in return “作为回报”； in brief “简言之”； in turn “反过来；依次”； in fact “事实上”。根据句意可知C项正确。

　　18．B　根据句意可知，此处表示他努力克服自卑。convey “传达”； overcome “克服”； undertake “承担，从事”； build “建立”。根据句意可知B项正确。

　　19．A　此处表示通过演讲来表达自己的想法，故要用 express “表达”。

　　20．D　通过这段经历，他开始明白对观众表达思想的这种能力能让人树立自信。他也明白，只要有了自信，他就能做成任何自己想做的事情；别人也是如此。with 表示“具有，带有”；空格后的 it 指代前面提到的 confidence。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　Susan：I'm so glad to see you, David. __1__ has been such a long time. How are you?

　　David：I'm fine, and you?

　　Susan：I'm just wonderful. God, time goes by so quickly! Are you going to the air quality conference in Chicago?

　　David：I am. And I'm really glad to see you. It was not until last night __2__ I found your name in the conference materials, but it didn't come to my mind that we would meet on the plane.

　　Susan：I'm afraid I haven't had time to look at __3__ conference materials very carefully. I had no idea you were coming, but I am certainly glad to see you. I was feeling very nervous about going there __4__ friends.

　　David：I can imagine. My English has gotten not so fluent since I returned from the States, __5__ I'm rather nervous myself. But I saw that you

　　would give the most important talk at the conference.

　　Susan：__6__ (frank) speaking, I'm scared to __7__ (die) about it.

　　David：I'm just giving a talk in one of the workshop sections, and I hope I won't make all of you __8__ (disappoint)．

　　Susan：But your English is much __9__ (good) than mine.

　　David：But you're now the Director of the Air Quality Institute, so you __10__ know the technical terms.

　　Susan：Maybe. But I still can't understand totally a lot of technical terms in my field.

　　答案与解析

　　1．It　it 代替时间。

　　2．that　It was not until...that...强调句型。

　　3．the　该空表特指，故用定冠词 the。

　　4．without　without friends 没有朋友。

　　5．so/thus/therefore　该空表“因此”，故用 so/thus/therefore。

　　6．Frankly　frankly speaking 说实话。

　　7．death　be scared to death吓死。

　　8．disappointed　形容词作宾语补足语。

　　9．better　much 后跟形容词的比较级。

　　10．must　must 表示肯定推测，表示“肯定”。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　(2017·浙江省乐清市月考)

　　My mother is a teacher work in a key high school. She is too busy that she often has to get up early and stay up late. In addition to this, she hardly has any times to take exercise. She has been on poor health for some time. My father and I are worried that she may fall ill if she works too hard. These days I'm thinking why to develop my mother's interest in playing sports. Considered that today is Mother's Day, I decided buy a pair of jogging shoes for her. I secret put them on the desk in her study. When my mother entered into her study this evening, she looked surprised, but she immediately realized my intention. She promises that she would go jogging every evening.

　　答案

　　My mother is a teacher

　　in a key high school. She is

　　busy that she often has to get up early and stay up late. In addition to this, she hardly has any

　　to take exercise. She has been

　　poor health for some time. My father and I are worried that she may fall ill if she works too hard. These days I'm thinking

　　to develop my mother's interest in playing sports.

　　that today is Mother's Day, I decided

　　buy a pair of jogging shoes for her. I

　　put them on the desk in her study. When my mother entered

　　her study this evening, she looked surprised, but she immediately realized my intention. She

　　that she would go jogging every evening.