2016届高考英语人教版一轮复习：课时作业18

　　课时作业18　A taste of English humour

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　(2017·四川省德阳五中月考)

　　American researchers found females are the more talkative sex because of a special “language protein”in the brain.

　　The study, conducted by neuroscientists(神经学家) and psychologist from the University of Maryland, concluded that women talked more because they had more of the Foxp2 protein. The research, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, found that higher levels were found among humans that were women but in rats that were males. Their findings came after it was previously claimed that ladies speak about 20,000 words a day—

　　over 13,000 more than men. “This study is one of the first to report a sex difference in the expression of a language­associated protein in humans or animals，” said Prof Margaret McCarthy, who led the study. In their study, the researchers attempted to determine what might make male rats more vocal than their female friends.

　　They separated four­day­old rats from their mothers and then counted the number of times they cried out in the “ultrasonic (超声波的) range”， the frequencies higher than humans can hear, over five minutes. While both sexes called out hundreds of cries, the males called out twice as often，they found. But when the pups were returned to their mother's cage, she fussed_over her sons first. Tests conducted on the parts of the brain known to be associated with vocal calls showed the male pups have up to twice as much Foxp2 protein as the females. The researchers then increased the production in the brains of female pups and reduced it in males. This led to the female rats crying out more often and their mothers showing more interest to them. In contrast, males became less “talkative”．

　　The researchers then tested samples from ten children, aged between three and five, which showed that females had up to 30 percent more of the Foxp2 protein than males, in a brain area key to language in humans.

　　“Based on our observations, we assume higher levels of Foxp2 in girls and higher levels of Foxp2 in male rats is an indication that Foxp2 protein levels are associated with the more communicative sex，” said Prof McCarthy.

　　“Our results imply Foxp2 as a component (成分)of the neurobiological basis of sex differences in vocal communication in mammals.”

　　1．From the second paragraph, we can learn that ________.

　　A．women always speak more words than men

　　B．men and male rats have low levels of language protein

　　C．McCarthy isn't the first to find females more talkative

　　D．women and male rats have similar levels of Foxp2

　　2．The underlined phrase “fussed over” in the third paragraph probably means ________.

　　A．related to B．paid attention to

　　C．put pressure on

　　D．counted on

　　3．The researchers carried out the experiments on rats in order to ________.

　　A．test which part of the brain is key to language in rats and humans

　　B．prove the levels of Foxp2 protein in humans and rats are different

　　C．discover the association between Foxp2 protein and vocal communication

　　D．determine the reason why female rats are more talkative than male rats

　　4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Why women are the talkative sex

　　B．Tests on humans and rats

　　C．Sex differences in Foxp2 protein

　　D．Foxp2 protein determines oral ability

　　答案与解析

　　1．C　推理判断题。从第二段中Their findings came after it was previously claimed that ladies speak about 20,000 words a day...可知C项正确。

　　2．B　词义猜测题。从画线句句意可知B项正确。

　　3．C　细节理解题。从第二段最后一句In their study, the researchers attempted to determine what might make male rats more vocal than their female friends.可知C项正确。

　　4．A　标题归纳题。从全文内容可知A项正确。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　It was Mother's Day and I was shopping at the local supermarket with my fiveyearold son, Tenyson. As we were__1__， we realized that only minutes earlier an __2__woman had fallen over at the entrance and hit her head on the ground. __3__was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.__4__，a lot of people stopped to help out.

　　__5__we were walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very __6__about what had happened to the elderly couple. He__7__to me, “Mom, it's not much fun falling over in front of__8__.” Seeing that there was a flower stall(摊位) at the front of the supermarket, he added, “Why shouldn't we

　　__9__

　　the lady a flower? It will make her feel better.” I was

　　__10__

　　that he'd come up with this

　　__11__

　　idea. So we went over and told the flower seller

　　__12__

　　we wanted. “Just take it，” she replied. “I __13__take your money for such a wonderful

　　__14__.”

　　By now medical staff had arrived, and were __15__the injured woman. We gave the flower to the woman's husband and I told him it was

　　__16__

　　my son. At that, the old man started crying and said, “Thank you very much.” He then turned to me, “You have a

　　__17__

　　son. Happy Mother's Day to you.”

　　The man bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from.

　　__18__ being badly hurt, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with

　　__19__

　　in her eyes and gave him a little

　　__20__.

　　1．A.leaving B．driving

　　C.moving

　　D.stopping

　　2．A.injured

　　B.awkward

　　C.honest

　　D.elderly

　　3．A.Her husband

　　B.My son

　　C．The crowd

　　D.The seller

　　4．A.Specifically

　　B．Particularly

　　C.Interestingly

　　D.Fortunately

　　5．A.If

　　B.Since

　　C.While

　　D.Unless

　　6．A.guilty

　　B.curious

　　C．angry

　　D.worried

　　7．A.complained

　　B.said

　　C．lied

　　D.responded

　　8．A.no one

　　B.someone

　　C.everyone

　　D.anyone

　　9．A.lend

　　B.bring

　　C.leave

　　D.buy

　　10．A.amazed

　　B.shocked

　　C.puzzled

　　D.concerned

　　11．A.wise

　　B.sweet

　　C.innocent

　　D.crazy

　　12．A.which

　　B.when

　　C.what

　　D.whether

　　13．A.must not

　　B.can't

　　C.may not

　　D.needn't

　　14．A.scene

　　B.habit

　　C．flower

　　D.deed

　　15．A.checking with

　　B.looking after

　　C.operating on

　　D．praying for

　　16．A.from

　　B.to

　　C.with

　　D.about

　　17．A.respectful

　　B.cheerful

　　C．successful

　　D．wonderful

　　18．A.Out of

　　B.Regardless of

　　C.Thanks to

　　D．As to

　　19．A.love

　　B.hope

　　C.pity

　　D.pain

　　20．A.idea

　　B.money

　　C．smile

　　D.comfort

　　答案与解析

　　本文为记叙文。作者通过叙述她的儿子在母亲节这一天为一位受伤女士买花的故事，赞美了童心的纯真和善良。

　　1．A　首句交代了故事发生的背景：母亲节作者和儿子在商店购物。在要离开时，“我们”想起了摔倒在地的那位女士。

　　2．D　由第二段第一句中的“the elderly couple”可知，该空应填 elderly(年迈的)。在这位女士摔倒之前，她并未受伤，故A项错误。awkward “笨拙的”； honest “诚实的”，均不符合语境。

　　3．A　根据第三段第二句中的“the woman's husband”可知，在出事时，她的丈夫和她在一起。6空后的“the elderly couple”也有所提示。

　　4．D　根据前文的描述“地上有血，老妇人惊魂未定”可知，当时情形十分危急。因此“很多人停下来帮忙”对老妇人来说是幸运的。specifically “具体/确切地说”； particularly “特别，尤其”； interestingly “有趣的是”，均不符合语境。

　　5．C　句意：在我们朝现场走去的时候，Tenyson 十分担心那对老夫妇的情况。while “在……的时候”，表时间。

　　6．D　由下句儿子对于在众人面前摔倒的看法和给受伤女士买花的行为可知，儿子是“担心”他们。

　　7．B　逗号后为儿子对“我”说的话语，故选B项。complain to sb.“向某人抱怨”；lie to sb.“对某人撒谎”；respond to sb.“给某人回复”，均不符合语境。

　　8．C　由第一段最后一句“很多人前来帮忙”可知，这位受伤的女士是在“大家”面前摔倒的。

　　9．D　由本段倒数第三句中的“the flower seller”可知，儿子是要给那位女士买花，故选D项。

　　10．A　由上文内容可知，儿子仅仅五岁，有这样的想法，作者应是感到“惊喜”。shocked “震惊的；害怕的”； puzzled “迷惑的”； concerned “关心的，挂念的”，均不符合语境。

　　11．B　Tenyson 为受伤的女士买花的行为是“美好的”，故选B项。wise “明智的”； sweet “美好的；令人愉快的”；innocent “天真的，无罪的”； crazy “疯狂的”。

　　12．C　空格处在句中引导宾语从句，且充当从句中 wanted 的宾语，故排除B、D两项。which 表示“哪一个”，不符合句意，故选C项。

　　13．B　由上句“Just take it”可知，卖花人不想要“我”们的钱。由下文的“wonderful”可知，对于这样的善举，卖花人认为“不能”收费。

　　14．D　“为伤者买花”是一种善意的行为，故选D项。

　　15．B　医务人员来到后应是“照顾”伤者。C项“动手术”应在医院进行的，可排除。check with “核实；查明”；pray for...“为……祈祷”，不合语境。故选B项。

　　16．A　买花是源于儿子的想法；再者，从最后一段第一句中的“who it was from”也可看出此处应填 from。

　　17．D　由上文可知，老人对 Tenyson 买花的行为十分感激，因此赞美作者有一个“好”儿子。respectful “表示敬意的；尊敬的”； cheerful “快乐的”； successful “成功的”。

　　18．B　句意：不顾伤势严重，老妇人抬起头看着 Tenyson，眼里满是爱意，对他笑了笑。逗号前后为转折关系，故选B项。out of “出于”； thanks to “多亏”； as to “至于”。

　　19．A　儿子为受伤的女士买花，她眼里应满是“爱意”，故选A项。

　　20．C　由本句中的 and 判断，前后感情色彩一致。由此推知，老妇人应是对儿子笑了笑。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　(2017·辽宁省实验中学月考)

　　In recent years, learning Chinese __1__ become popular among people around the world. Last month, I __2__(receive) an e­mial from my cousin Jack in Canada. He said he was enthusiastic about Chinas, and asked me to find me to find him some books __3__ (intend) for Chinese beginners. I was very pleased to do __4__ a favor. So I went from one bookstore to __5__， hoping to find something suitable for him. __6__ I selected a set of Chinese textbooks among a variety of similar ones. Then I went to a post office to have them __7__ (deliver) by air without delay. Several days later, I received Jack's e­mail, __8__(say) that he really appreciated the books I had sent. I'm very glad that Jack is beginning to learn Chinese just like many other foreigners abroad, __9__ I know it may be an __10__ (enjoy) challenge for him.

　　答案与解析

　　近年来，学习汉语成了全世界很流行的事情。上个月，我远在加拿大的表弟写信让我给他买汉语书籍，打算开始学汉语。我转了好多家书店才找到，然后给他寄了过去。尽管我知道那可能对他来说是一个挑战，但我真的很高兴他开始和其他外国人一样学汉语了。

　　1．has　根据前面时间状语in recent years 判断句子应该用现在完成时，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。填has。

　　2．received　Last month 是表示过去的时间状语，谓语动词应用一般过去时，填received。

　　3．intended　从结构可知此处是形容词短语做后置定语修饰名词books, be intended for “为……设计的，或者打算的”，填形容词intended。

　　4．such　根据上文内容判断“I”乐意帮这个忙，指上文提到买书的事情，填such。

　　5．another　固定短语：from one...to another “从一个……到另一个”，填another。句意：于是我从一家书店到另一家书店。

　　6．Finally　根据上文内容可知作者一家书店挨一家书店地去找书，所以此处表示终于，最终的意思，填Finally。

　　7．delivered　此处是have＋宾语＋补语，them 指代买到的书，和动词deliver 之间是被动关系，所以填过去分词delivered。

　　8．saying　从结构分析此处是分词做状语，表示伴随情况。动词say和主语I之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词，填saying。

　　9．although　根据句意可知前后句内容是让步关系，填although。句意：尽管我知道那可能对他来说是一个挑战，但我真的很高兴他开始和其他外国人一样学汉语了。

　　10．enjoyable　形容词作定语。enjoyable令人愉快的。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　In recent years many flowers shops have been appeared in our small town. It is common for people to buy flowers when they go to a gathering, visiting a sick friend, or attend a wedding. I still remember clear one day last year when Tom, disabled student, presented some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude to her. He owes his entire life to his mother's kind and care. With her he would not have had the confidence or the courage to fight her disability. As a result of the great effort what he had made, he was finally admitted to a key university.

　　答案

　　In recent years many

　　shops have

　　appeared in our small town. It is common for people to buy flowers when they go to a gathering,

　　a sick friend, or attend a wedding. I still remember

　　one day last year when Tom,

　　disabled student, presented some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude to her. He

　　his entire life to his mother's

　　and care.

　　her he would not have had the confidence or the courage to fight

　　disability. As a result of the great effort

　　he had made, he was finally admitted to a key university.