河北省2016届高考英语一轮复习学案（新人教版） Unit 5《Nelson Mandela a modern hero 》必修1

　　Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

　　2017高考范文赏析与背诵：（江西）

　　1.我们学校星光中学举办了一次爬大青山的活动在四月十号。

　　2.装备有必要的工具，我们在大门口集合，骑车去大青山。

　　3 我们想要一种环保的交通方式。

　　4 一到达目的地，我们都急切的去挑战自己。

　　5 不幸的是，我们中间一位同学严重受伤想停止爬山。

　　6 在我们共同的帮助和鼓励下，她最终到达山顶。

　　7 当我们欣赏美丽风景的时候 我们唱了一首朋友。

　　8 累但是高兴， 我们安然无恙的回到了家。

　　9 从我们站的地方我们能接近大自然。

　　10 我们喜欢这种活动，因为不仅我们能促进我们的友谊而且锻炼了我们坚强的意志。

　　11 更重要的是，我们能够分享团队合作。

　　优秀范文：

　　1.Our school , Xingguang High School , held a climbing Daqing Mountain activity on 10th April .

　　2.Equipped with necessary tools , we met at the school gate , riding to DaQing Mountain

　　3..We want an environmentally friendly means of transportation .

　　4.On arriving the destination , we were all eager to challenge ourselves .

　　5.Unfortunately , one of the students got injured seriously and wanted to quit climbing .

　　6.With our joint help and encouragement , she got to the top of the mountain at last .

　　7.We sang a song Friend while enjoying the beautiful scenery .

　　8.Tired and happy , we got home safe and sound .

　　9.From where we stood , we could be close to nature .

　　10.We are in favor of this kind of activities ,for not only can we promote our friendship ,

　　but also we can train our strong will .

　　11.More importantly , we can share teamwork.

　　要 点 梳 理 高效梳理·知识备考

　　●重点单词

　　1．_______ n．质量；品质；性质

　　2．_______ adj.积极的；活跃的______ adv.积极地______n．活动

　　3．_____ vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于_____ adj.忠实的，深爱的______ n．奉献

　　4．_____ vt.建立；建设

　　5．_______ n．法则；原则；原理

　　6．_______adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的_____ n．和平

　　7．_______ adj.法律的；依照法律的______ (反义词)

　　8．_______ adj.怀有希望的；有希望的_______ (反义词)

　　9．_________ n．青年；青年时期

　　10．_______ vt. & vi.投票；选举

　　n．投票；选票；表决

　　11．________ vt.进攻；攻击；抨击

　　12．_______

　　n．暴力；暴行_______

　　adj.猛烈的，凶暴的

　　13．_______

　　adj.相等的，平等的_______adv.相等地→equality n．同等，平等

　　14．_______ adj.乐意的；自愿的

　　15．______ vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露

　　16．_______ vt.教育；训练_______

　　adj.受过教育的；有教养的______

　　n．教育

　　17．________ vi. & vt.请求；乞求

　　18．_______ n．亲戚；亲属_______ n．关系→relationship n．关系

　　19．______ n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖活动terrorism n．恐怖主义terrorist n．恐怖分子

　　20．________ n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏

　　21．_______ n．意见；看法；主张

　　●重点短语

　　1．______

　　失业

　　2．______

　　事实上

　　3．______

　　在危险/受罚/痛苦处境中

　　4．________

　　求助于；致力于

　　5．_______ 丧失信心

　　6．________

　　当权；上台

　　7．______ 设立；建立

　　8．________ 被判处……(徒刑)

　　9．________ 担心

　　10．__________

　　被关进监狱

　　11．________

　　使充气；爆炸

　　12．________

　　对……而战

　　13．_________ 违反法律

　　14．___________

　　乐于干……

　　15．________________ 积极从事……

　　考 点 探 究 互动探究·能力备考

　　Ⅰ.词汇短语过关

　　1．quality n. 质量；品质；性质，特征;

　　quantity n. 数量

　　be of good/bad quality 好/坏的品质

　　be of high/poor quality 优/劣质

　　first－rate quality 一等

　　(1)He has a watch _________________.

　　他有只质量好的手表。

　　(2)One ______ of wood is that it can burn.

　　木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。

　　(3)It's cheaper to buy goods __________________.

　　购物的量大就便宜一些。

　　2．devote vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于;

　　devoted adj. 热爱的；忠诚的

　　devote oneself /time /one's life / money/energy＋tosth./doing sth　把……用在，把……献给

　　.　sb. be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢

　　a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友

　　(1)She devoted her lifetime ____________ homeless children. 她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子。

　　(2)His whole life has been devoted ____________ the origin of cancer.他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究。

　　(3)After he graduated, he continued to ______________ research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。

　　3． vote vt. & vi.投票，选举 n．投票；选票；表决

　　vote for投票赞成vote against投票反对

　　vote on投票表决vote...down投票击败，投票否决

　　vote through投票通过put...to the vote付诸表决，裁决

　　(1)Did you ________________________ her？你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？

　　(2)He ____________ the most promising new director. 他当选为最有前途的新导演。

　　(3)The plan was passed by 6 ____________ 3.

　　这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。

　　提示：vote for表示“投票赞同”；vote against表示“投票反对”，类似结构“be for/against; fight for/against”。

　　4．equal vt. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；胜任的n. 同等/相等的人或物

　　A equals B in...

　　A在……方面比得上B

　　be equal to＋n./doing sth.

　　等于；与……相等；有……的能力 (勇气、力量等)；胜任，能干

　　be without equal/have no equal

　　无与伦比

　　(1)He equals me ______ strength but not ______ intelligence.他和我力气相当，但智力不同。

　　(2)Are men equal ______ women ______ physical strength？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？

　　(3)She did not feel equal ____________ visitors.

　　她觉得自己不适合接待来客。

　　(4)Yao Ming is a basketball player ____________ in China.

　　在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。

　　5．escape vi. 逃脱；逃走vt. 避免；免除

　　n．逃跑；逸出；出口

　　escape from 从……逃脱，逃走

　　escape＋n./doing sth. 避免(做)某事

　　a narrow/near escape死里逃生

　　fire escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口

　　(1)The bird has _____________ its cage.

　　小鸟已从笼中逃掉了。

　　(2)Is the gas ____________ somewhere?

　　是不是有地方漏气？

　　(3)How can we escape ___________/______________？

　　我们怎样才不会被人发现？

　　(4)His name _________ me for the moment.

　　我一时想不起他的名字来。

　　6．reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏

　　rewarding adj. 报答的，有益的，值得的

　　as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏

　　in reward of 为酬谢……；作为奖励

　　reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 为(做)某事而报答某人

　　reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏某人

　　(1)It's __________________ virtue.

　　那是对美德的回报。

　　(2)I don't expect anything ____________； I did it because I enjoyed it.

　　我不指望得到什么报答，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。

　　(3)They ________ the boy ______ ￡5 ______ bringing back the lost dog.

　　他们给了那个男孩五英镑，酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。

　　7．out of work 失业

　　out of business 破产；歇业out of control 失控

　　out of repair 失修out of order 有毛病

　　out of date 过时out of one's reach 够不着

　　out of danger 脱out of mind 心不在焉

　　out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能的

　　out of patience 失去耐心 out of temper 发脾气

　　(1)________________,______________.眼不见，心不念。(离久情疏。)

　　(2)He’s been __________________for six months. 他已经失业六个月了。

　　(3)It is ______________that he will be admitted into key universities.他能考上重点大学是不成问题的。

　　8．in trouble 处在困难/麻烦中(表状态)

　　get (sb.) into/out of trouble

　　使(某人)陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)

　　ask/look for trouble

　　找麻烦 make trouble

　　闹事；捣乱

　　have trouble in doing sth.

　　做某事有麻烦

　　take the trouble to do sth.

　　不辞辛苦地做某事

　　put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.

　　麻烦某人做某事

　　(1)My friends always help me out when I am ____________(有麻烦时)．

　　(2)Don’t mention my name, or you’ll ________________ (给我惹麻烦)．

　　(3)They ________________________(费心地) find the right person.

　　9．lose heart

　　(＝be discouraged)

　　气馁；灰心；泄气

　　lose one's heart to sth.(＝devote oneself to sth.)

　　把身心投入到……

　　lose one's heart to sb. (＝fall in love with sb.)

　　喜欢……

　　(1)It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader ____________.

　　据说这个队比赛输了就是因为队长丧失了信心。

　　(2)Don’t ____________； all will turn out well.

　　不要失去勇气，一切都会好起来的。

　　拓展： put one's heart into 把全部心思放在……

　　have sth. in one's heart 把……放在心上

　　have one's heart in sth. 对某事有兴趣

　　set one's heart on/upon sth. 渴望/热衷于某事　

　　learn...by heart 记住；背诵

　　take heart 振作精神，鼓起勇气

　　10．turn to求助于；致力于

　　turn away拒绝，不准某人入内

　　turn around转身

　　turn down拒绝；调小

　　turn in上交

　　turn off关掉

　　turn on打开

　　turn out赶出；证明是，结果是

　　turn over翻身，翻转

　　turn up露面，出现；开大

　　Nobody seems to understand. I don’t know who to ____________.

　　似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁求助。

　　Paul __________________ alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.

　　保罗借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的问题。

　　(3)The job ______________________

　　than we thought.

　　这份工作结果比我们想像的更难。

　　(4)Why did she ____________ your invitation?

　　她为什么拒绝你的邀请？

　　11．set up 设立；建立

　　　写出下列各句中set up的意思。

　　(1)They set up a notice on the wall._________

　　(2)They set up a committee to investigate the matter.

　　__________

　　(3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games.____________

　　拓展：set about 开始做，着手

　　set out 动身出发；开始；陈述；陈列

　　set aside 使分离；留出；拔出；不理会

　　set back 推迟，阻碍

　　set down 记下；写下；规定

　　set off 引起爆炸；动身出发；引起

　　Ⅱ.重点句型详解

　　1．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那时我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。

　　only 修饰的时间、条件和方式状语，为了强调而提到句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。only 如修饰从句而提到句首，主句要部分倒装。

　　①Only at that time did he realize that he had made a mistake.

　　直到那时他才意识到自己犯的错误。

　　②Only by practising a few hours every day will you be able to master English.

　　只有通过每天练习几个小时你才能掌握英语。

　　③Only with all your time and energy can you do the job well.

　　只有用上你全部的时间和精力你才能把这项工作做好。

　　④Only when I came back was I informed of the news.

　　直到我回来，我才被通知这个消息。

　　⑤Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to college.我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上大学。

　　提示：(1)在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：

　　×Only after the war learned he the sad news.√Only after the war did he learn the sad news.

　　(2)only 修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：

　　×Only when did he return did we find out the truth.√Only when he returned did we find out the truth.

　　(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：

　　×Only can he answer the question.√Only he can answer the question.

　　(2008·江苏)______ you eat the correct food ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.

　　A．Only if; will you　 B．Only if; you willC．Unless; will you

　　D．Unless; you will

　　2．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的感觉很不好。

　　the first time 相当于连词，引导一个状语从句，意为“第一次”。这类特殊短语还有：

　　(1) each time, every time, next time, last time, any time 等也可以做连词用，表示“无论何时”“每当”“每次”等，引导一个时间状语从句。

　　Every time we come to Beijing, we go to visit the Forbidden City. 每次我们去北京，我们都去参观故宫。

　　I didn’t have any penny last time I saw you.

　　上次我看见你时，我身无分文。

　　(2)

　　immediately, directly, instantly 可活用为连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，相当于 as soon as。

　　The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound.那个年轻人一听到声响就冲出了大厅。

　　(3)

　　the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等名词短语也可用做连词，也相当于 as soon as，表示“一……就……”。

　　The moment Professor Wang appeared on the platform, the audience all stood up and clapped warmly.

　　王教授一出现在讲台上，听众就站起来热烈鼓掌。

　　(4) the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the week, the year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter 等一些表示时间段的名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句。

　　The morning Mr Smith was walking along the lake, he met an old friend.

　　那天早晨史密斯先生在湖边散步时遇到了一位老朋友。

　　______I toured Zhangjiajie, I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.

　　A．For the first time

　　B．At firstC．It was the first time

　　D．The first time

　　易 错 点 拨 自我完善·误区备考

　　1. reward/award/prize

　　(1)reward 指对某人的服务或工作等的报答，也指因帮助警察抓住罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的奖金、酬金。

　　(2)award 指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的多少。

　　(3)prize多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的“奖，奖品”。

　　(1)She received a medal as a ______ for her courage.她得到一枚奖章，作为对她勇敢的奖赏。

　　(2)A ______ was given to the person who had the winning number.奖品给了那个获得中奖号码的人。

　　(3)He won the ______ for the best student of the year.

　　他获得本年度优秀学生奖。

　　2. 名词短语或副词做连词，引导时间状语从句

　　　(1)Betty shows great interest in this poem now, but she thought it boring ______ she read it.

　　A．at the first time B．the first time

　　C．for the first time

　　D．at first

　　(2)My sister came ______ she got my short message.

　　A．exactly

　　B．Especially

　　C．Directly

　　D．simply

　　(3)He left Europe ______ World War Ⅱ broke out.

　　A．the year

　　B．in the year

　　C．during the year

　　D．for the year

　　单元过关检测

　　单项选择

　　1．As ______ matter of fact, ______ beauty of ______ nature there made an excellent impression on me.

　　A．a; the; /　B．a; the; the

　　C．the; the; /

　　D．a; /; the

　　2．The police ______ roadblocks on routes out of the city to prevent the criminal from escaping.

　　A．set up

　　B．set back

　　C．set down

　　D．set aside

　　3．(2010·临川一中)Although ______ my opinion, the old professor didn't come up with his own.

　　A．in

　　B．against

　　C．for

　　D．on

　　4．—Did you give the book to him?

　　—Yes. I gave it to him ______ I saw him.

　　A．once

　　B．the moment

　　C．while

　　D．suddenly

　　5．They agreed to the plan ______， but there were some details they didn't like.

　　A．in danger

　　B．in peace

　　C．in principle

　　D．in common

　　6．We all know that hard working and plain living are fine ____ of our Chinese people.

　　A．qualities

　　B．quantity

　　C．qualification

　　D．manners

　　7．Mr. Read made up his mind to devote all he had to ______ some schools for poor children.

　　A．set up

　　B．have set up

　　C．setting up

　　D．having set up

　　8．Fitness is important in sport, but of at least ______ importance are skills.

　　A．fair

　　B．reasonable

　　C．equal

　　D．proper

　　9．---do you think the drunken driver will escape ______ by the law?—I don’t think so..

　　A．to be punished

　　B． punishing

　　C．being punished

　　D．to punish

　　10. I don’t expect any________；I did it simply because I enjoy it.

　　A．award　B．reward

　　C．prizeD．praise

　　11．Believe it or not，my sister and I are twins.

　　—Oh，you must have had the case

　　you were taken for your sister.

　　A．which

　　B．whose

　　C．where

　　D．whom

　　12．When ______ great trouble, you should learn to make the quick choice without someone to turn ______ for advice.

　　A．in; down

　　B．in; to

　　C．into; up

　　D．under; to

　　13．Only ______ as an interpreter ______ how important it was to practise speaking English.

　　A．when I worked; I realized

　　B．when did I work; did I realize

　　C．when I work; did I realize

　　D．when I worked; did I realize

　　14. —I’m going to vote

　　Jackson in the next election. How about you?

　　—Me，too. He’s the best man for the position.

　　A．for

　　B．on

　　C．against

　　D．in

　　15．My grandfather is fond of talking about the good old days，

　　is often the case with old people.

　　A．when

　　B．as

　　C．that

　　D．what

　　Ⅲ .完形填空

　　When I was young, I really doubted whether there was love between my parents. Every day they were busy earning money so that they could __1__

　　the high tuition my brother and I needed. They didn't __2__ in the romantic ways that I read in books or saw on TV.

　　One day, Mom was sewing a quilt(被子). I __3__sat down beside her. “Mom, I have a __4__

　　here，” I said after a while. “Is there love between you and Dad？” I asked her in a very __5__ voice. Mom stopped her work and raised her head with __6__

　　in her eyes. She didn't answer immediately. She bent her head and continued to sew the quilt. I was __7__

　　if I had hurt her. I was in great embarrassment and I was at a loss what to do. But at last she said, very __8__ , “Susan, look at this __9__. Sometimes it appears, but most of it disappears in the quilt. The thread really makes the quilt strong and lasting. If

　　__10__ is a quilt, then love should be a thread. It can hardly be seen, but it's really there. __11__

　　is inside.” I listened carefully but I couldn't understand her until years later.

　　One day, Dad accidentally got__12__ while on duty. Ever since then he could no longer__13__

　　properly. Every morning and dusk Mom would help Dad walk slowly on the country road. Along the country road, there were beautiful flowers, green grass and trees. The leaves were gently glistening __14__

　　the sun shining upon them. All of these made up the most beautiful

　　__15__

　　in the world. “Dad, how are you feeling now？” I asked him one day. “Susan, don't worry about me，” he said gently. “I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life.” Looking into his eyes, I__16__

　　what they meant. The doctor had said Dad would __17__in two months. But that day never came. He __18__ away in peace. __19__ I thought love meant flowers, gifts and sweet kisses. But from this

　　__20__ , I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life, which makes life strong and warm...

　　1．A. afford

　　B．cost C．spend

　　D．offer

　　2．A. go

　　B．live C．act

　　D．walk

　　3．A. happily

　　B．silently C．secretly

　　D．nervously

　　4．A. request

　　B．problem C．message

　　D．question

　　5．A. loud

　　B．light C．low

　　D．clear

　　6．A. surprise

　　B．anger C．stress

　　D．horror

　　7．A. amazed

　　B．confused C．shocked

　　D．ashamed

　　8．A. quickly

　　B．excitedly C．bitterly

　　D．gently

　　9．A. quilt

　　B．needle C．thread

　　D．sewing

　　10．A. belief

　　B．work C．experience

　　D．life

　　11．A. Warmth

　　B．Thread C．Cotton

　　D．Love

　　12．A. tired

　　B．drunk C．ill

　　D．injured

　　13．A. talk

　　B．walk C．work

　　D．think

　　14．A. with

　　B．as C．for

　　D．by

　　15．A. signs

　　B．symbols C．pictures

　　D．reflections

　　16．A. read

　　B．doubted C．translated

　　D．recognized

　　17．A. retire

　　B．recover C．regain

　　D．remove

　　18．A. passed

　　B．escaped C．faded

　　D．turned

　　19．A. Again

　　B．Once C．Then

　　D．Later

　　20．A. lesson

　　B．account C．experience

　　D．accident

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　Last Sunday I saw the worst storm in years. It came sudden and went on for over three hours.

　　After lunch, I went into my room to have a rest. The air was hotter, and all is quiet. Then a strong

　　wind started to blow into my room. Pieces of paper on my desk flew high into the air and some flew out the open window. As I ran out to catch them, big drop of rain began to fall. When I came back into house, it was raining harder and harder. I tried very hard to close the window. Then I heard a loudly crashing(碰撞的)sound from the back of the house. When I ran out to find that a big tree had fallen down and broke the top of the back room.