走向高考 · 英语 人教版(课标卷地区) · 高考总复习
写作素能培养
第三部分 第二讲 写好五种基本句型, 简单句变得更简单 第三部分 一、主语(S)+谓语(不及物动词V) 此句型中的谓语动词要用不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的动词短语。本身句意完整,后面不需要宾语,但可以跟作句子状语的副词、介词短语、状语从句。 ①The sun rises. 太阳升起来了。 ②He has been standing there. 他一直站在那里。
二、主语(S)+谓语(及物动词V)+宾语(O) 此句型中的谓语动词需要用及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。本身句意不完整,后面必须要跟宾语,即动作的承受者,句子意思才完整。 ①During holidays,he enjoys music every day. 假期的每天他都在享受音乐。 ②Some of the students are always longing for holidays. 有些学生总是渴望着放假。
三、主语(S)+系动词(V)+表语(P) 此句型也可以称为主系表结构。侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,谓语动词常用系动词be,表语必须用可以表示主语身份、状态的形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式或分词等来构成复合谓语。 ①It's getting cool,so I feel a bit cold. 天变得凉爽了,所以我感觉有点冷。 ②She is much younger than I. 她比我年轻多了。
四、主语(S)+谓语(及物动词V)十间接宾语(IO)十直接宾语(DO) (1)此句型中的谓语动词比较特殊,必须跟两个宾语,即指物的直接宾语和指人的间接宾语,句子意思才能表达完整。后跟双宾语的动词有:do,give,hand,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,send,show,tell,wish,write,buy,choose,fetch,bring,get,leave,make,order,play,save,sing,spare等。 Mother sent me an email about her coming yesterday. 昨天我妈妈给我发了一封她要来的电子邮件。
(2)通常情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后;有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后,此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy,make,cook,get,choose,sing,find等。间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give,lend,teach,take,return,send,pass等。 Finally she lent her book to me. 最后她把书借给了我。 五、主语(S)十谓语(及物动词V)十宾语(O)十宾语补足语(OC) 此句型中的动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语,才能使句子意思完整。能作宾语补足语成分的有:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式,现在分词、过去分词等。 ①When I saw him sleeping during class,I became very angry. 当我发现他在课上睡觉时,我非常生气。 ②Please keep the window open,or the room is too hot. 请开着窗,否则屋里太热了。 Ⅰ.判断下列句子所属的类型 1.In other words,we are the master of our own future. _________________________________________________ 2.This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class. _________________________________________________ 3. A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand. _________________________________________________ 4.Should we sacrifice our children's future for our own interests? _________________________________________________ 5.Friends made my life full of excitement,imagination and romance. _________________________________________________ 答案:1.主语+系动词+表语 2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 3.主语+谓语(不及物动词) 4.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 Ⅱ.高考单句翻译 1.我真诚地希望你给我一次机会,我确信我会成为一个好主席。(主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语) _________________________________________________ 2.那之后,我扫地擦地板。(主语+谓语+宾语) _________________________________________________ 3.这学期末,我成为我们班最好的选手之一。(主语+系动词+表语结构) _________________________________________________
4.在中国,理科生要比文科生需求量大得多。(主系表结构) _________________________________________________ 5.这种行为让我陷入了深深的思考。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) _________________________________________________ 6.高中生面临着文理科的选择。(主系表结构,be faced with) _________________________________________________
答案:1.I sincerely hope you can give me a chance and I'm sure I will be a good president. 2.After that,I swept and mopped the floor. 3.At the end of the term,I became one of the best players in my class. 4.Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China. 5.Such behavior left me deep in thought. 6.High school students are faced with a choice between arts and science.
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