2017届高考英语复习冲刺阶段经典讲义系列突破阅读理解及书面表达 (4)

　　美文赏析

　　Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients.But researchers say a combination of farming methods may help.

　　Researchers wonder how to increase production without necessarily clearing more land to grow additional① crops.American researchers say that can happen with greater use of an agricultural system called perenniation.It mixes food crops with trees and perennial② plants—those that return year after year.

　　Soil scientist John Reganold says，“One of the major problems is that the soils are fairly poor in most of the regions.So how do you grow food on poor soils？There have to be food production systems that can build the soil and improve the yield③.”

　　Mr.Reganold says poor soil may have resulted from years of weathering that washed away many nutrients.He says some farmers may have done more harm than good.

　　“They have been actually using farming practices④ where they're not putting in organic⑤ matter.They're not putting in fertilizers.They can't afford those things.And it just runs the soil down.So they're worsening the situation.”

　　The scientist says the word perenniation defines three systems that are already used in Africa.The oldest of the three is called evergreen agriculture.This is where farmers plant trees with their crops.Farmers in Africa have been doing this for sixty years，but it seems to be growing in popularity.

　　The method is gaining widespread use in countries such as Niger，Burkina Faso，Malawi and Zambia.The trees are planted among maize(玉米)，millet or sorghum crops.They not only add nitrogen(氮)to the soil through their roots，but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down.At other times of the year，the trees can protect plants from strong sunlight.

　　John Reganold says he knows of one woman who has had great success with perenniation.

　　“She's a grandmother in her fifties.Her_name_is_Rhoda_Mang'yana_and_she_started_using_this_system_about_twenty_years_ago.And her yields initially were about a ton of maize.Now with a good year she gets four tons per hectare，four times what she was getting.”

　　【解题导语】　如何在非洲土地有限、地力贫瘠的情况下，有效地改善土地状况，提高农作物产量呢？本文介绍了一种能有效提高土地的肥力，促进生产的耕作方式。

　　一、阅读与积累

　　1．攻克疑难词汇

　　①additional adj.另外的，额外的

　　②perennial adj.长久的、持续的

　　③yield n．产量，产出

　　④practice n．通常做法

　　⑤organic adj.有机的

　　2.攻克疑难句

　　(1)They have been actually using farming practices where they're not putting in organic matter.

　　结构分析　where引导的定语从句修饰farming practices。

　　尝试翻译　事实上他们一直在使用不投入任何有机物质的农耕方式。

　　(2)They not only add nitrogen(氮)to the soil through their roots，but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down.

　　结构分析　句子使用了not only...but also句式，表示“不但……而且……”，when引导时间状语从句。

　　尝试翻译　它们不仅通过根系向土壤里添加氮，而且在它们的叶子落下并分解后也向土壤里添加氮。

　　二、理解与书面表达

　　1．理解文章主旨

　　The passage mainly tells us how_to_increase_producion.

　　2．理解与书面表达

　　文中画线的句子是属于________句。

　　答案　并列

　　(1)说明：并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。

　　(2)例句感悟

　　①He told me to do it，so I did it.

　　②Work hard and you will succeed sooner or later.

　　③Tom became a judge while he remained a fisherman.

　　④Either you didn't understand this problem，or you were not careful enough.

　　(3)用并列句翻译下面的句子

　　①前门大街是一条步行街，但是你可以乘电车去剧院看电影。

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　　②这条著名大街的历史可以上溯到600年前，它共约800米长。

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　　③另外，它也是一条商业街，街道两边分布着300多家商店。

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　　答案　①Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street，but you can enjoy the trolley cars to go to see a movie in the theatres.

　　②The famous street dates back to six hundred years and has a length of about 800 meters.

　　③It is also a commercial street，and lined with more than 300 shops.

　　(4)加入适当的连词或句子将上面的句子改写成一篇优秀的小短文。

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　　【参考范文】

　　Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street，but you can enjoy the trolley cars to go to see a movie in the theatres.First of all，the famous street dates back to six hundred years and has a length of about 800 meters.It is also a commercial street，which is lined with more than 300 shops.