2016届高三英语一轮复习讲义：Book 3 Unit 7

　　重点识记词汇 1.fill out填写

　　2.arrange vt.安排，准备

　　3.sign n.手势；符号

　　4.set sail启航，远航

　　5.according to根据；依照

　　6.get into trouble陷入麻烦

　　7.make it to到达

　　8.in search of搜寻，寻找

　　9.eventually adv.最终，终于

　　10.present­day adj.当今的，现代的

　　11.deed n.行为，行动

　　12.lecture n.讲授，演讲

　　13.ban vt.禁止

　　14.handle vt.对付

　　15.department n.部，系，局，部门

　　16.make a living谋生

　　17.solution n.解决办法；答案

　　18.present vt.演示；讲演；n.礼物

　　19.watch out密切注意；当心，留神

　　20.discount n.折扣，减价

　　21.trick n.戏法，把戏

　　22.length n.长度，长

　　23.escape vi.逃脱，逃跑

　　24.all at once突然

　　25.pick up取，接载

　　26.rather than而不是

　　27.scream vi.(因恐惧、疼痛、兴奋等)尖声大叫

　　28.sink vi.下沉；沉没

　　29.opposite n.对立的人(物)；反义词

　　30.in addition to 除了……之外

　　31.debate n.辩论，争论

　　32.disagree vi.不同意，意见不合

　　33.deal with解决

　　34.in the direction of朝着……的方向

　　35.apologise vi.道歉→apology n.道歉

　　36.pollute vt.使污染→pollution n.污染

　　37.discovery n.发现→discover vt.发现

　　38.participate vi.参加→participation n.参加

　　39.evaluate vt.评估，评价→evaluation n.评估，评价

　　40.collection n.收集，收取→collect vt.收集，收取

　　41.explorer n.探险家→explore vt.探险，探索

　　42.persuade vt.说服，劝服→persuasion n.说服，劝服

　　43.intelligence n.智力，理解力→intelligent adj.有灵性的，聪明的

　　44.energetic adj.有活力的→energy n.活力，精力

　　45.survive vi.幸存，生存下来→survival n.幸存者

　　46.recognise vt.辨认出→recognition n.认出，识别，认可

　　47.recover vi.恢复正常；康复→recovery n.恢复正常；康复

　　48.measure vi.&vt.(长度、数量)为；测量；n.措施，方法

　　49.attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.吸引人的；引人注目的→attraction n.吸引；吸引人的事物

　　50.frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→frightened adj.受到惊吓的，感到害怕的→fright n.恐惧，害怕

　　51.terrify vt.令人感到恐惧→terrifying adj.令人恐惧的→terrified adj.感到恐怖的→terror n.恐怖，恐惧

　　52.actress n.女演员→actor n.演员→act vt.扮演；行动；表现→active adj.积极的，活跃的→activity n.活动→action n.行动，行为；实行

　　必背经典句式 1. What if somebody in my group isn’t doing any work?

　　如果我们团队有人啥活都不干怎么办？

　　2.It’s three times as big underwater.

　　(冰山)水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。

　　3. You certainly won’t find a noisier fish.

　　你肯定不会发现比这更吵的鱼了。

　　4.They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail.

　　在哥伦布启航以前他们早就完成了这些。

　　5.One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands，our boat full of fish.

　　一天，我和我的两个兄弟从海上打鱼归来，船上载满了鱼。

　　构词记忆 　overlook /ˌəʊvəlʊk/vt.1.俯瞰；眺望　2.忽略；遗漏　3.监督；检查

　　overcrowded /ˌəʊvəkraʊdId/adj.过于拥挤的

　　overweight /ˌəʊvəweIt/adj.超重的

　　overseas /əʊvəsiːz/adj.外国的；海外的；adv.在国外；在海外

　　Ⅰ.词汇与派生

　　A．语境填词

　　1．Although she had been ill for a long time，it still came as a shock when she eventually(最后) died.

　　2．The book tells us how Amy Chua educates(教育) her daughters in the traditional Chinese way.

　　3．They spat and even threw rubbish into the lake，totally ignoring the noticeable sign(告示牌) “No Littering” nearby.

　　4．They’re offering a 10% discount(折扣) on all sofas this month.

　　5．Neither the subject nor the title of this lecture(报告) is of my own choice.

　　6．Many are surprised at the length(长) of time it took him to make up his mind.

　　7．The image escaped/disappeared(消失) from her memory.

　　8．We have opposite(对立的) views on this，and we can’t agree with each other.

　　9．They debated(争论) for over an hour on the merits of different systems.

　　10．Venice is one of the greatest tourist attractions(吸引人的地方) of the world.

　　11．This is a yardstick for measuring(衡量) whether a person is really progressive.

　　12．She screamed(大声尖叫) for help from the window of the burning hotel.

　　B．用所给词的适当形式填空

　　13．I am trying to persuade (persuasion) him to give up the attempt.

　　14．It is frightening (frighten) to most children to waken and find a stranger.

　　15．The problem of pollution (pollute) arises along with the rapid development of industry.

　　16．You should apologise (apology) and tell the audience you will try to bring them the story later.

　　17．Mary was talking to a friend at that moment，and she seemed very happy and energetic (energy)．

　　18．As my teacher often puts it，intelligence (intelligent) without ambition is a bird without wings.

　　19．The future of our survival (survive) depends on knowledge and action.

　　20．Researchers in this field have made some important new discoveries (discover)．

　　Ⅱ.短语运用

　　A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空

　　watch out，get into trouble，pick up，make it，make one’s living, deal with, be responsible for, set sail

　　21.If you get into trouble，I’ll help you out.

　　22．Each student should be responsible for their own work.

　　23．It is the only way for me to deal with this，otherwise I would go mental.

　　24．Watch out for the broken glass！You’re easily hurt when you touch it.

　　25．The old couple made their living by fishing on the sea every day.

　　26．We set sail at high tide according to the weather.

　　27．I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain，but he made it at last.

　　28．The boy picked up some English while living in America with his parents.

　　B．用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空

　　according to，all at once，in search of, in the direction of, rather than, in addition to

　　29.Enter their world and stand beside them，rather than in opposition.

　　30．You must constantly move in the direction of that goal.

　　31．The teacher divided the students into small groups according to ability.

　　32．All the people in the village went into the forest in search of the lost boy.

　　33．All at once we heard a shot and the soldier fell to the ground.

　　34．He’s now running his own research company—that’s in addition to his job at the university.

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　35．The house price of Beijing is three times higher than that of

　　Jinan.

　　北京的房价比济南的房价高三倍。

　　36．I have never heard a better voice in the programme The Voice of China.

　　这是我在《中国好声音》节目中听到的最好的声音。

　　37．Mary was sitting near the fire，her back towards the door.

　　玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。

　　38．Many successful people actually daydreamed their successes and achievements long before they realized them.

　　许多成功者实现他们的成功和成就前，实际上早在做白日梦了。

　　39．What if this problem had to be solved in the next half an hour?

　　在接下来的半小时里，如果这个问题必须解决，你会怎样做？

　　1

　　frightened adj.受惊的；感到害怕的

　　be frightened of...害怕……

　　be frightened to do...吓得不敢做……

　　frighten sb./sth.away/off把某人物吓走

　　frighten sb.into/out of doing sth.吓唬某人做/不做某事

　　The bird came to the window，but I moved suddenly and frightened it away.

　　那鸟儿飞到窗前，可我突然一动，把它吓走了。

　　The little girl was frightened that her mother wouldn’t come back.

　　那小女孩害怕妈妈不再回来。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　①He frightened the old lady into signing the paper.

　　②He threatened the intruders with a gun and frightened them off/away.

　　③They’re frightened of losing power.

　　④He often uses that frightening look to frighten them.(frighten)

　　⑤Though badly frightened (frighten)，the girl remained outwardly calm.

　　(2)She wouldn’t come to the zoo because she was frightened of the animals.

　　Frightened of the animals，she wouldn’t come to the zoo.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)

　　2

　　[多词一义]　persuade，reason，talk，convince，argue

　　persuade sb.to do...＝persuade sb.into doing...说服某人做……

　　persuade sb.not to do...＝persuade sb.out of doing...说服某人不做……

　　persuade sb.of sth./that...使某人相信……

　　Finally she persuaded him into going to the hospital.

　　她最终说服他去了医院。

　　We finally persuaded Ben of the wisdom of the decision.

　　我们最终使本相信这个决定是明智的。

　　[特别提醒]

　　表示“试图说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式：try to persuade sb.to do...；advise sb.to do...。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)根据提示语填空

　　The other day，my husband ①tried to persuade me not to buy/out of buying(试图劝我不买) that coat as he thought it was too long.However，the assistant tried hard to persuade me of the good quality(使我相信优质的质量) and fashionable style of it.Therefore，I couldn’t help being persuaded(persuade) into buying it.So you can see how easy it is ④to persuade a woman into buying things/to buy things(说服女人购买东西) that aren’t suitable for her.

　　(2)Tom persuaded his father not to smoke at last.

　　Tom persuaded his father out of smoking at last.(用persuade sb.out of doing...改写句子)

　　3

　　[应试指导]　作为高级词汇替换be sorry

　　apologize to sb.for doing sth.因做某事向某人道歉

　　apology n.道歉；谢罪

　　make an apology to sb.for...因……向某人道歉

　　accept/refuse one’s apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉

　　owe sb.an apology向某人道歉

　　I must apologize for not being able to meet you.

　　我因没能见你而向你道歉。

　　[夯实基础]

　　I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.

　　(1)I made an apology to her for stepping on her foot.(用apology改写句子)

　　(2)I said sorry to her for stepping on her foot.(用sorry改写句子)

　　4

　　[应试指导]　其高级词汇是prohibit，forbid

　　ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事

　　a ban on sth.对……的禁令

　　put/place a ban on sth.宣布禁止…… under a ban受禁止；被查禁

　　There is to be a total ban on smoking in the office.

　　办公室将彻底禁止吸烟。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)After the accident，he was banned from driving.

　　(2)He says the proposals may include a ban on drunk driving.

　　5

　　attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意

　　attract sb.to...把某人吸引到……

　　be attracted by被……吸引

　　attractive adj.有吸引力的

　　attraction n.吸引；魅力；吸引人之事物

　　have no attraction for sb.对某人没有吸引力

　　Equally attractive are the success stories of world­famous people，which help me understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place.

　　同样吸引人的是那些名人的成功故事，它帮我了解了一个人怎样通过努力工作来使这个世界更美好。(大纲全国·书面表达)

　　He is always attracted to women older than him.

　　他总是被年纪比他大的女性迷住。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)用attract的适当形式填空

　　①The Great Wall is such a well­known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.

　　②I thought he was very attractive and obviously very intelligent.

　　(2)He was attracted by the beauty and he didn’t want to leave right now.

　　Attracted by the beauty，he didn’t want to leave right now. (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)

　　6

　　[多词一义]　“采取措施”take measures/steps/action

　　take measures/steps to do...采取措施做……

　　make sth.to one’s measure照某人的尺寸做某物

　　measure...by...用……来衡量……

　　in some measure在某种程度上

　　take one’s measure给某人量尺寸

　　Do you measure the distance between those two development areas?

　　你们测量了那两个开发区之间的距离了吗？

　　We must take measures to reduce crime in the area.

　　我们必须采取措施减少这个地区的犯罪。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)Please make a suit to my measure(按我的尺寸).

　　(2)His success was in some measure(在某种程度上) due to his being in the right place at the right time.

　　7 escape v.逃跑，逃离，逃脱get away from；避免，避开avoid；被遗忘to be forgotten，被忽视；n.逃离，逃脱

　　[应试指导]　(1)后跟非谓语形式的考查　(2)熟词新义的考查

　　escape＋n./doing sth.逃脱了/避免了……

　　escape from/out of...从……逃脱

　　sth.escapes/escaped sb.……被某人遗忘；未被注意

　　a narrow escape九死一生

　　He escaped from the enemy’s prison.

　　他从敌人的监狱逃了出来。

　　He had a narrow escape.

　　他九死一生。

　　[特别提醒]

　　escape用作及物动词时，表示逃避或躲避不愉快的事(监禁、管制、处罚等不幸或灾难)，也就是说没有经历这些不愉快的事情；但用作不及物动词时，则是指从监禁、管制或受罚等状态中逃脱或逃走，其后接介词from，是说正在经历不愉快的事情时，从中逃离了。

　　注意下面两个短语的区别：

　　escape from prison越狱(指的是一直在监狱中服刑，但是从服刑中逃跑了)

　　escape prison逃过牢狱之灾(指的是根本就没有进监狱，幸运逃脱了)

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)写出下列句中escape的汉语意思

　　①A prisoner has escaped from a jail in northern England.逃离

　　②The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury.避开

　　③It was an actor whose name escaped me for the moment.被忘记

　　④Leave a vent open to let some moist air escape.泄露

　　(2)语法填空

　　You were fortunate enough to escape being fined(fine) for drunken driving，but don’t drink again.

　　(3)You are lucky to escape punishment.

　　You are lucky to escape being punished.(用escape后跟非谓语动词作宾语改写句子)

　　8 survive vt.幸存；幸免于难(to continue to live)；比……活的时间长(to live longer than)；vi.幸存；存活

　　survive on靠……存活下来A survives B　A比B活得长

　　survive sth.幸免于；从……中活过来survivor n.幸存者

　　survival n.幸存；残存

　　Just eight passengers survived the plane crash.

　　在这次飞机失事中仅有8名乘客幸免于难。

　　There are concerns that the refugees may not survive the winter.

　　有人担心这些难民活不过冬天。

　　[特别提醒]

　　(1)survive本身已表示“幸存；幸免于”，因而不要再加多余的in或from。

　　(2)当survive意为“比……多活多长时间”时，用“A survive(s) B by＋时间”结构表示。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　①Mr.White survived his wife by 9 years.

　　②Many of the peasants survive on tiny plots of corn and beans.

　　(2)单句改错

　　①This drug can help people survive from heart attacks.去掉from

　　②Plants can’t survive in the fire.去掉in

　　9

　　recover from从……中恢复

　　recover oneself恢复正常；使清醒

　　recover losses弥补损失

　　recovery n.康复，恢复

　　Seeing her lying in bed with her leg wrapped in bandages，we felt sorry for her and hoped that she would recover soon.

　　看到她腿缠绷带躺在床上我们都很难过并希望她能尽快康复。(北京·情景作文)

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)She soon recovered herself(she) and went on with her lecture.

　　(2)The boy made a quick recovery (recover) from his cold.

　　(3)He is fully recovered from the virus.

　　10

　　recognize v.认识；辨认出make out；意识到；承认admit；赏识，表彰；向……打招呼salute to

　　[应试指导]　在语境中时态的考查

　　be recognized as被公认为……

　　It is recognized that...人们公认……

　　recognition n.识别；承认

　　out of/beyond recognition认不出来

　　We all recognized her talent for dancing.

　　我们都肯定她在舞蹈方面的才华。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　①Being recognized in public has brought her much trouble，so she is always wearing dark glasses to avoid recognition/being recognized.(recognize)

　　②The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without being recognized(recognize).

　　(2)It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.

　　Environmental pollution is recognized to have become one of the most serious problems that people face.(用sth.be recognized to...改写句子)

　　11

　　[应试指导]　场所介绍类写作高频词汇

　　oppose vt.反对；反抗；与某人较量

　　oppose A against/to B 使A与B相对抗

　　oppose...doing sth.反对……做某事

　　be opposed to反对

　　as opposed to与……相对照

　　opposition n.反对；反抗

　　in opposition to强烈反对……

　　The king couldn’t bear anyone to oppose him.

　　国王不能忍受任何人反抗他。

　　The father is opposed to his son’s marriage.

　　爸爸反对儿子的婚事。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)Many people hold the opposite view(持相反的观点) about the matter.

　　(2)There is a garden on the opposite side of the street(在街道的对面).

　　(3)She is strongly opposed to(强烈反对) their plan.

　　(4)In China people believe in the saying “out of debt, out of pressure”； however, in the west, it is just the opposite(正好相反)—when you are in debt, you are trustworthy and financially capable.

　　1

　　get into陷入；养成，染上某种习惯；开始某事；参与

　　get into the habit of养成……的习惯

　　get into debt欠债

　　He was eager to get into politics.

　　他渴望进入政界。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)He has got into the habit of(染上……习惯) smoking.

　　(2)Be quiet unless you want to get into trouble(陷入麻烦).

　　(3)Never get into debt(欠债) if you can avoid it.

　　2

　　make it＋时间　就定为……时间吧

　　make it 及时到达；能够出席或到场；获得成功；幸免于难

　　I’m sorry I didn’t make it to your party last night.

　　对不起，昨晚我没能去参加你的晚会。

　　I never thought you would make it as an actress.

　　我从来没想过，你会成为一名成功的女演员。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)—When shall we start?

　　—Let’s make it 8：30.Is that all right?

　　(2)Times are different，and either man or woman can make it.

　　3

　　in one’s search for寻找

　　make a search for寻找

　　search sth./sb.搜查某物/搜身

　　search for寻找……

　　I went off in search of a garage where I could buy some petrol.

　　我离开去寻找加油站买汽油。

　　[特别提醒]

　　in search of寻找，搜寻，在句中常作表语或目的状语，名词search前不加限定词。若search前加a/the/one’s等限定词时，of要换成for。

　　[夯实基础]

　　用search及其短语的适当形式填空

　　(1)The police searched him but nothing was found on him.

　　(2)She searched for him everywhere，but in vain.

　　(3)We are in search of/making a search for an experienced and reliable producer of jewellery.

　　4 pick up捡起，拿起某物；收听；接送某人；收拾；获得；学会；好转；逮捕，抓捕；取回；感染

　　[应试指导]　熟词新义的考查

　　pick out挑出

　　pick and choose东挑西拣

　　He picked his cap up from the floor and stuck it back on his head.

　　他从地板上拾起帽子，重新戴在头上。

　　We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.

　　我们第二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。

　　[图解助记]

　　[夯实基础]

　　写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思

　　(1)Ridley picked up a pencil and fiddled(不停摆弄) with it.拿起

　　(2)She went over to her parents’ house to pick up some clean clothes.取回

　　(3)Where did you pick up your English？学会

　　(4)They’ve picked up a really nasty infection from something they’ve eaten.染上

　　(5)We can pick up Italian television.接收

　　(6)Chinese officials hope that trade will pick up when the two countries switch to hard currency.好转

　　1

　　every four years＝every fourth year每四年；每隔三年；每第四年

　　every othersecond＋单数名词　每隔一……

　　every few＋复数名词　每隔几……

　　Write on every other line.请隔行写。

　　He comes to see his uncle every third week.

　　他每三个星期来看望他叔叔一次。

　　[夯实基础]

　　Take the medicine every six hours.

　　Take the medicine every sixth hour.(用序数词改写句子)

　　2 Some fish can produce sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice！有些鱼发出的声音几乎是你讲话声音的两倍！

　　倍数的表达方式：

　　1倍数＋as...as...

　　2倍数＋比较级＋than

　　3倍数＋the size/height/length/width...＋of...4倍数＋what从句

　　5倍数＋that of...

　　Beijing is ten times the size of my hometown.

　　北京有我家乡的十倍大。

　　In our county now the grain output is six times that of before liberation.

　　现在我们县的粮食产量相当于解放前的六倍。

　　[夯实基础]

　　The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.

　　(1)The red ruler is twice longer than the yellow one.(用“倍数＋比较级”改写句子)

　　(2)The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.(用“倍数＋the＋n.＋of...”改写句子)

　　(3)It’s said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was(以前的两倍大).

　　3单元语法

　　——语法填空

　　(1)I still remember the day when I first came to Jinan.

　　(2)Can you tell me the office where he works?

　　(3)Do you know the reason why he came late for class?

　　(4)I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.

　　(5)The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner.

　　　高考题组

　　Ⅰ.语法填空(2017·广东)

　　Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said 16.it was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，we had planned for months.When the day came，we were ready.

　　After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months 17.earlier(early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We 18.were told(tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week,19.but for the week after.I didn’t understand 20.why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 21.for the reservation.What’s worse，the hotel had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was 22.surprisingly(surprise) helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23.the top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room，and we weren’t charged extra.

　　The next day，my brother and I went to the beach 24.where we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little 25.sunburned/sunburnt(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.

　　Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译

　　1.我写信为没有及时给你回信表示道歉。(apology)(2017·山东·写作)

　　I’m writing this letter to express my apology to you for not writing back to you in time.

　　2.我们是敷衍了事呢还是采取实际措施保护它呢？(measure)(2017·江苏·书面表达)

　　Should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to protect it?

　　3.在我的细心照料下，母亲很快就康复了。(recover)(2017·北京·情景作文)

　　With my special care，my mother recovered quickly.

　　4.因此我开始认识到同学们的力量，然后让他们在班级里发挥各自的作用。(recognize)(2011·湖北·短文写作)

　　Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.

　　5.中国政府已经决定在全国范围内的公共场合禁止吸烟。(ban)(2010·广东·基础写作)

　　The Chinese government has decided to ban smoking in public places across the country.

　　模拟题组

　　Ⅰ.语法填空

　　1.I’ve got into the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.(2017·江西，24)

　　2.During the discussion，many members were opposed to my proposal，which upset me greatly.

　　3.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when the audience can buy ice cream.

　　4.—Have you made an apology to him for breaking his MP5?

　　—Yes.I did yesterday.

　　5.Attracted (attract) by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

　　6.—What a frightening scene on the stage!

　　—Yeah，we girls were really frightened.(frighten)

　　7.After the traffic accident，no one survived (survive) except a few people who were badly injured.

　　8.In spite of the heavy traffic，we made it to our office.

　　9.We will be shown around the city：schools，museums，and some other places，where other visitors seldom go.

　　10.—I wonder how often you’ll water this kind of flower.

　　—Every other day.

　　Ⅱ.单句改错

　　1.Being a student，you are supposed to participate more out­of­class activities.participate后加上in

　　2.You’d better make an apology to your teacher for your late.your后加上being

　　3.We all didn’t know what to deal with the matter.what→how或deal→do

　　4.We bought a TV set on a 40% discount.on→at

　　5.Be careful! He is tricking you to doing it.to→into

　　6.Only one car survived from the terrible car crash.去掉from

　　7.Read this sentence and tell me if it makes a sense.去掉a

　　8.To our delight，everything goes on smoothly according the plan.according后加上to

　　9.Scientists are in search for a cure for the disease.for→of或在search前加their

　　10.I still remember the day when we spent together in Jinan.去掉when或把when→that

　　Ⅲ.写作句式升级训练

　　1.I think it is also important to develop a good habit.(素材来源于2017·江西·书面表达)

　　Personally，developing a good habit is also of importance.(用适当的高级词汇及结构改为简单句)

　　2.We created a harmonious atmosphere sincerely and faithfully.(素材来源于2017·江西·书面表达)

　　It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.(用含有with＋n.的强调句改写句子)

　　(一)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　One day，when I was a freshman in high school，I saw Kyle from my class walking home from school.It looked like he was carrying all of his books.I thought to myself，“Why would anyone bring home all his books on Friday？He must really be a nerd(a foolish person)．”I had quite a weekend planned，so I shrugged my shoulders and went on.

　　As I was walking，I saw a bunch of kids running towards him.They knocked all his books out of his arms and tripped(绊倒) him so he landed in the dirt.His glasses went flying，and I saw them land in the grass about ten feet from him.He looked up and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes.So，I jogged over to him and as he crawled around looking for his glasses，I saw a tear in his eye.

　　As I handed him his glasses，I said，“Those guys are jerks.They really should go to hell.”He looked at me and said，“Hey，thanks！” There was a big smile on his face.It was one of those smiles that showed real thankfulness.I asked him where he lived.As it turned out，he lived near me.

　　Over the next four years，Kyle and I became best friends.I teased him all the time about being a nerd.He had to prepare a speech for graduation.As he started his speech，he cleared his throat，and began.“Graduation is a time to thank those who helped you make it through those tough years.I am here to tell you a story.”

　　I just looked at my friend in disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met.He had planned to kill himself over the weekend.He talked of how he had cleaned out his locker so his mom wouldn’t have to do it later and was carrying his stuff home.He looked hard at me and gave me a little smile.“Thankfully，I was saved.My friend saved me from doing the unspeakable.”

　　I heard the gasp(倒吸气) go through the crowd as this handsome，popular boy told us all about his weakest moment.I saw his mom and dad looking at me and smiling that same grateful smile.Not until that moment did I realize its depth.

　　1．Why did Kyle carry all of his books home?

　　A．Because it was Friday.

　　B．Because he was a nerd.

　　C．Because he wanted to kill himself.

　　D．Because he liked doing things for his mother.

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段尤其是第二句“He had planned to kill himself over the weekend.”可知，Kyle之所以把所有的书搬回家是因为他想自杀。故选C。

　　2．Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．The bunch of kids attacked Kyle to have his glasses and books.

　　B．The author planned to study all weekend after he met Kyle.

　　C．The author was a freshman when Kyle gave the speech.

　　D．Kyle felt grateful to the author for his help.

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Thankfully，I was saved.My friend saved me from doing the unspeakable.”可知，Kyle对作者的帮助十分感激。故选D。

　　3．What can we infer from the passage?

　　A．When Kyle couldn’t find the glasses，he turned to the author for help.

　　B．The author teased Kyle a lot about being a nerd.

　　C．The author didn’t expect Kyle to tell the story.

　　D．Kyle thanked his parents first for saving his life.

　　答案　C

　　解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“I just looked at my friend in disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met.”可知，作者难以置信地看着Kyle讲着他们第一天见面的故事，由此推断作者没有料到Kyle会讲这个故事。故选C。

　　4．What does the underlined word “them” in the 2nd paragraph refer to?

　　A．The kids.

　　B．Kyle’s books.

　　C．Kyle’s glasses.

　　D．Kyle’s arms.

　　答案　C

　　解析　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句“His glasses went flying，and I saw them land in the grass about ten feet from him.”可知，them指代的是前面提到的his glasses。故选C。

　　B

　　A New Jersey woman is waging a campaign to become the world’s heaviest living woman.Donna Simpson,42，weighs more than 600 pounds and aims to reach 1,000 pounds.

　　The mother of two children，ages three and fourteen，models on a website called supersizebombshells.com.where admirers and the curious can pay to watch videos of her eating junk foods or walking to the car.She has appeared in television interviews and said she welcomed media coverage.

　　A Guinness World Records spokeswoman said Donna Simpson has submitted a claim for the title of world’s heaviest woman to give birth，a claim that is being reviewed.Among the heaviest women ever recorded were one who reportedly weighed 1,800 pounds and another who reportedly weighed 1,200 pounds at the time of their deaths.

　　Donna Simpson said she had received a book offer and wanted her own reality show，partly to give plus­size women more confidence.She wears size XXXXXL clothes，which she buys mostly online.

　　Donna Simpson has found a man who says he appreciates her size，and they plan to marry in Hawaii this year.She says airlines are being accommodating of her needs.Her fiancé (未婚夫) 49­year­old Philippe and the father of her 3­year­old daughter，said he not only finds Donna attractive but is also one of Donna Simpson’s biggest fan in her quest to expand her waist.

　　5．How many pounds does Donna Simpson aim to gain?

　　A．400 pounds.

　　B．600 pounds.

　　C．1,000 pounds.

　　D．1,800 pounds.

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...weighs more than 600 pounds and aims to reach 1,000 pounds”可推知，Donna Simpson需要增加400磅。

　　6．What do we know about Donna’s clothes from the text?

　　A．Donna makes them on her own.

　　B．Donna purchases them online.

　　C．Some people offer them to her.

　　D．Their size is the largest.

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“which she buys mostly online”可知答案为B项。size XXXXXL不一定就是最大的号，排除D项。A、C两项文中并未提及。

　　7．Which statement is TRUE according to the text?

　　A．Guinness World Records has received Donna’s claim.

　　B．Donna Simpson doesn’t like media coverage at all.

　　C．The heaviest living woman weighs 1,800 pounds.

　　D．Donna Simpson and Philippe have married recently.

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A Guinness World Records spokeswoman said Donna Simpson has submitted a claim for the title of world’s heaviest woman to give birth，a claim that is being reviewed.”可知Guinness World Records已经收到申请。根据第二段中的“she welcomed media coverage”排除B项；根据第三段最后一句排除C项；根据最后一段中的“they plan to marry in Hawaii this year”排除D项。

　　8．What is Philippe’s attitude to Donna’s campaign?

　　A．Indifferent.

　　B．Doubtful.

　　C．Critical.

　　D．Supportive.

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he not only finds Donna attractive but is also one of Donna Simpson’s biggest fan in her quest to expand her waist”可知，Philippe的态度是支持的，故选D。indifferent冷淡的；doubtful怀疑的；critical批评的。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　His Final Lesson

　　When my father was diagnosed with a brain tumor，I thought to myself，“No biggie for Dad.

　　9

　　Mom can beat cancer，he can beat this.”

　　It was the second half of my senior year，a time when all the big

　　10

　　events were happening.My final play performance，my eighteenth birthday and graduation were all scattered about in just two months.My parents were in and out of

　　11

　　.Sure I went to see him—about five times—but I was

　　12

　　and I had all my events to go to.

　　Dad was bald；he couldn’t really

　　13

　　my final performance，but he was there.He

　　14

　　to get out of the hospital for my graduation.His doctor said that focusing on all my

　　15

　　events could keep him alive longer.I guess the doctor was

　　16

　　because nine days after my graduation，my father died.

　　After his funeral，I didn’t leave my room，not

　　17

　　take a shower.Finally，my mom stormed in and said，“Enough is enough，Megan.Get up，I have something for you to

　　18

　　.” My father’s doctor had sent my mother a

　　19

　　，in which he wrote about how my father had

　　20

　　him to change his life and the way he worked.

　　“He

　　21

　　more about the people around him.I have never met someone who put everyone else first.He

　　22

　　everyone that worked with him.”

　　Several days later，I got a job

　　23

　　a summer camp counselor.I was

　　24

　　everything I had to these little kids，and slowly they helped to heal me

　　25

　　even realizing what they were doing.

　　My

　　26

　　mirrored parts of the life my father led in his last few days.I have learned the final

　　27

　　my father was teaching me，that in order to lead a fulfilling and happy life，you must

　　28

　　how to give yourself to others.

　　9．A.Although

　　B．If

　　C．Unless

　　D．When

　　答案　B

　　解析　父亲被诊断患上了脑瘤。但“我”不认为这是多么严重的事情，心想：“如果妈妈能战胜癌症，爸爸也能战胜脑瘤。”

　　10．A.tough

　　B．stressful

　　C．dull

　　D．exciting

　　答案　D

　　解析　根据下文可知：临近毕业时，会有很多激动人心的事情发生，比如：“我”的最后一场演出，“我”的18岁生日，还有“我”的毕业典礼等。

　　11．A.room

　　B．school

　　C．hospital

　　D．house

　　答案　C

　　解析　根据语境可知，“我”的父母经常出入医院。

　　12．A.busy

　　B．lazy

　　C．tired

　　D．bored

　　答案　A

　　解析　但“我”却忙于自己的各种事情。

　　13．A.comment on B．concentrate on

　　C．listen to

　　D．talk about

　　答案　B

　　解析　父亲虽然不能全神贯注地欣赏“我”的最后一场演出，但他还是来了。

　　14．A.agreed

　　B．started

　　C．struggled D．intended

　　答案　C

　　解析　他尽力从医院赶来参加“我”的毕业典礼。

　　15．A.future

　　B．difficult

　　C．interesting

　　D．possible

　　答案　A

　　解析　医生说，父亲一直关心着“我”未来的事情，这样会让他坚持得更久一些。

　　16．A.certain

　　B．silly

　　C．clever

　　D．right

　　答案　D

　　解析　“我”想医生的话是对的。因为在“我”毕业后不久，父亲就去世了。确实是“我”的事情让他坚持到了最后。

　　17．A.even

　　B．still

　　C．later

　　D．somehow

　　答案　A

　　解析　参加完父亲的葬礼后，“我”把自己关在房间里面，甚至连澡都不洗。

　　18．A.watch

　　B．enjoy

　　C．read

　　D．share

　　答案　C

　　解析　根据下文可知，妈妈是让“我”读一封医生送来的信。

　　19．A.book

　　B．letter

　　C．card

　　D．message

　　答案　B

　　解析　参考上题解析。

　　20．A.told

　　B．inspired

　　C．asked

　　D．persuaded

　　答案　B

　　解析　他在信中写道父亲是如何激励他改变生活和工作方式的。inspire激励；鼓舞。

　　21．A.cared

　　B．argued

　　C．discussed

　　D．thought

　　答案　A

　　解析　根据下文可知，父亲总是把别人的事情放在第一位。所以，比起自己，他更关心身边的人。

　　22．A.thanked

　　B．left

　　C．touched

　　D．provided

　　答案　C

　　解析　他的这种品行感动了和他在一起工作的每一个人。

　　23．A.like

　　B．with

　　C．except

　　D．as

　　答案　D

　　解析　“我”得到了一份夏令营辅导员的工作。

　　24．A.making

　　B．giving

　　C．sending

　　D．taking

　　答案　B

　　解析　“我”把所有的一切都奉献给了这些孩子。

　　25．A.without

　　B．beyond

　　C．within

　　D．despite

　　答案　A

　　解析　慢慢地，孩子们也在不知不觉中治愈了“我”内心的伤。

　　26．A.hope

　　B．life

　　C．experience

　　D．duty

　　答案　C

　　解析　“我”的这段经历反映了父亲在生命的最后几天所度过的生活。

　　27．A.skill

　　B．word

　　C．class

　　D．lesson

　　答案　D

　　解析　“我”学会了父亲传授给“我”的最后一课：若要生活充实而幸福，必须学会奉献自己。

　　28．A.try

　　B．learn

　　C．master

　　D．consider

　　答案　B

　　解析　参考上题解析。

　　(二)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　Back in old times，people had little knowledge about the universe and nature.Things we now consider to be common sense were mysteries to our ancestors.

　　Over the years，major breakthroughs have been made in science and many phenomena have been explained.But still，there are always questions we can’t yet answer，and The Guardian has listed some of them.

　　1．What makes us human?

　　Just looking at your DNA won’t tell you—human DNA is 99 percent identical to that of the chimpanzee and，believe it or not,50 percent identical to a banana’s！A lot of the things that we once thought were unique about us—language and tool use，recognizing ourselves in the mirror and so on—have since been seen in other animals.Perhaps it’s our culture that makes the difference or maybe our ability to use fire.It’s also possible that our capacity(能力) for co­operation and our trading skills are what make us unique.

　　2．Why do we dream?

　　Given the fact that we spend around a third of our lives sleeping，shouldn’t we know everything about it？Unfortunately，scientists are still searching for a complete explanation of what happens when we sleep and why we dream.

　　Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud believed dreams were the expressions of wishes that we can’t fulfill in our real lives.Others have wondered whether dreams are just random“noise” coming from a sleeping brain.

　　3．Could we someday live forever?

　　Apart from accidents，most people die because of diseases that can be treated and aging.And since many diseases，such as diabetes(糖尿病) and cancer，are diseases of aging，treating aging itself could be the key to extending our lives.

　　Our knowledge of what causes us to age—and what allows some animals to live longer than others—is expanding rapidly.And though we haven’t quite worked out all the details，we’ve worked out some pieces of the puzzles such as DNA damage and metabolism(新陈代谢) which are all leading to the invention of drugs that can slow down the aging process.

　　If we’re lucky enough to lengthen our lives，we might even get to see the day when all of these questions are answered.

　　1．The main point of the passage is

　　.

　　A．to inform people of the knowledge about the universe and nature

　　B．to introduce major breakthroughs that have been made in science

　　C．to present some questions we can’t yet answer

　　D．to explain what were once mysteries to our ancestors

　　答案　C

　　解析　主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第二段第二句“But still，there are always questions we can’t yet answer，and The Guardian has listed some of them.”可知答案为C。

　　2．Chimpanzees and bananas are mentioned as examples to prove that

　　.

　　A．human beings are actually not different from other animals

　　B．animals have completely different DNA from that of plants

　　C．both animals and plants share the same amount of DNA

　　D．DNA alone is not good enough to make humans different

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判断题。对于“What makes us human？”这个问题，文章说仅看你的DNA是无法辨别出你的，接下来以黑猩猩和香蕉为例是为了说明仅凭DNA是不能很好地说明人的独特性的。故选D。

　　3．The underlined word “identical” is closest in meaning to “

　　”．

　　A．mysterious

　　B．unique

　　C．advanced

　　D．same

　　答案　D

　　解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前后内容可知，仅看你的DNA是无法辨别出你的，原因是人的DNA有99%与黑猩猩的相同，有50%和香蕉的相同。由此可知identical与same同义，故选D。

　　4．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．What were mysteries to our ancestors are considered to be common sense now.

　　B．Now we know much more about dreams than our ancestors did in the past.

　　C．With the invention of new drugs people can possibly live even longer.

　　D．If all the diseases can be treated，people can theoretically live forever.

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“...which are all leading to the invention of drugs that can slow down the aging process.”可知C项说法正确。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　Having a great collection of books at home doesn’t really mean that you are a person who loves reading.It can be a family inheritance(继承)or it can be used just to

　　5

　　people around you with the fact that you are a person of

　　6

　　.On the other hand，there are many people who cannot

　　7

　　books，because some of them are quite expensive，but go to libraries and spend hours reading something that

　　8

　　them a lot，or just

　　9

　　books to read at home.

　　From my point of view，reading is very

　　10

　　in our lives.For example，reading is a means of

　　11

　　our knowledge in different areas.It can help us have a great imagination and it makes things

　　12

　　when it comes to make compositions on different themes.It gives us the possibility to

　　13

　　science，even if we don’t work in this domain，or we can

　　14

　　our constructive remarks about a political topic just because we have read something connected to that.

　　Secondly，reading also gives us the possibility to enter the world of imagination，and to leave apart the

　　15

　　one for a couple of hours.It gives us the possibility to be a different

　　16

　　in the story we read，to judge it from our perspective，to imagine the ending of it.

　　Sometimes，we

　　17

　　ourselves with the characters in the stories we read and they can give us some clues to

　　18

　　our problems and tell us how to react in certain circumstances.Books are inspired from reality

　　19

　　even if authors are considered to be somehow

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　　from common people，they are

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　　preoccupied by the same problems as we all are and

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　　like us，too.

　　To conclude with，I would like to say that reading is the perfect means of enriching our culture，expressing

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　　and having a rich vocabulary，being able to

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　　in conversations in different fields of interest and really being considered a learned person.

　　5．A.surprise

　　B．attract

　　C．impress D．please

　　答案　C

　　解析　有很多藏书并不意味着你是个爱读书的人，这些书可能是继承来的，也可能是仅仅想给人一种自己是文化人的印象。

　　6．A.culture

　　B．hobby

　　C．power

　　D．wealth

　　答案　A

　　解析　参考上题解析。

　　7．A.publish

　　B．afford

　　C．write

　　D．finish

　　答案　B

　　解析　由后面说有的书很贵，可知这里是说有很多人买不起书。

　　8．A.thanks

　　B．confuses

　　C．encourages

　　D．interests

　　答案　D

　　解析　有些买不起书的人会去图书馆，一待就是几小时，读一些他们感兴趣的书。

　　9．A.note

　　B．search

　　C．borrow

　　D．copy

　　答案　C

　　解析　有些人则会借书(borrow)，带回家看。

　　10．A.practical

　　B．significant

　　C．hopeful

　　D．challenging

　　答案　B

　　解析　从下文的内容来看，这里是说读书在作者看来是很重要的(significant)。

　　11．A.listing

　　B．combining

　　C．enriching

　　D．grabbing

　　答案　C

　　解析　读书可以丰富(enrich)我们各领域的知识。

　　12．A.easy

　　B．hard

　　C．ready

　　D．kind

　　答案　A

　　解析　读书可以让我们有非常丰富的想象力，也会使得就各个话题的写作变得容易。

　　13．A.build up

　　B．put up

　　C．care about

　　D．talk about

　　答案　D

　　解析　读书可以让我们有可能讨论(talk about)科学，即使我们不在这个领域工作。

　　14．A.accept

　　B．make

　　C．change

　　D．correct

　　答案　B

　　解析　因为读过一些相关的书籍，我们可以就某个政治话题表达自己一些很有建设性的评论。

　　15．A.real

　　B．fake

　　C．typical

　　D．similar

　　答案　A

　　解析　读书能让我们进入一个想象的世界，暂时远离真实的(real)世界。

　　16．A.actor

　　B．author

　　C．character

　　D．reader

　　答案　C

　　解析　读书也可以让我们有可能成为我们所读故事中的人物(character)。

　　17．A.agree

　　B．compare

　　C．charge

　　D．exchange

　　答案　B

　　解析　在读书的过程中，我们会把自己和书中人物做比较(compare)。

　　18．A.solve

　　B．simplify

　　C．complicate

　　D．discuss

　　答案　A

　　解析　书中会提供一些线索帮助我们解决(solve)我们现实中遇到的问题。

　　19．A.unless

　　B．because

　　C．although

　　D．while

　　答案　B

　　解析　书的创作源于现实，因为(because)即使作家从某种角度上看和常人是不一样的(different)，但是事实上(in fact)他们和我们常人一样也要经历(suffer)生活中的各种问题。

　　20．A.distant

　　B．free

　　C．different

　　D．absent

　　答案　C

　　解析　参考上题解析。

　　21．A.in future

　　B．in time

　　C．in case

　　D．in fact

　　答案　D

　　解析　参考倒数第六个题的解析。

　　22．A.happen

　　B．suffer

　　C．appear

　　D．fall

　　答案　B

　　解析　参考倒数第六个题的解析。

　　23．A.correctly

　　B．quickly

　　C．casually

　　D．commonly

　　答案　A

　　解析　全文都在论证读书的意义，所以在文章结尾作者得出的结论也是在说读书是一种非常好的丰富知识的途径，能使我们正确地(correctly)表达自己。

　　24．A.end

　　B．result

　　C．interfere

　　D．take

　　答案　C

　　解析　读书也能让我们参与各种话题的谈话中。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　“What shall I do，”said a very little dog one day to his mother，“to show my thanks to our master？I cannot draw or carry burdens like the horse；25.nor give him milk like the cow...I am a poor unimportant creature，not worth of keeping.”So saying，the poor little dog hung down his head 26.disappointedly(disappointed)．

　　“My dear child，Fido，”replied his mother，“although your abilities are small，yet 27.a hearty good will is enough to cover all faults.Just love him dearly，and prove your love 28.by all the means in your power，and you will not fail to please him.”

　　The little dog was comforted.From then on，he tried his best to help 29.his master do all kinds of things.

　　One hot day，after dinner，his master 30.was sleeping(sleep) in an old summerhouse，with Fido by his side.Suddenly，Fido saw the walls 31.shaking(shake). He realized the danger and began barking to awaken his master.Upon this the master woke 32.up and had just time to get out of the door before the whole building fell down.Fido，33.who was behind，got hurt by some rubbish which fell upon him.His master took care of him with the 34.greatest(great) tenderness.Thus his love and loyalty(忠诚) had the full reward.

　　Ⅳ.写作素材(关于南极探险及研究)

　　提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句。

　　35．几位探险家启程去南极参与科学研究。他们想寻找那里的一些未知野生生物。

　　Several explorers，who wanted to search for some unknown wildlife，set sail for the Antarctic to participate in scientific research.

　　36．一路上，他们经历了许多困难，甚至经常陷入困境。

　　Along the way，they went through many difficulties and often got into trouble.

　　37．他们设法处理了很多难题。

　　They managed to handle lots of problems.

　　38．最终他们抵达了目的地，成功地完成了任务。

　　Eventually they arrived at the destination and successfully finished their task.