2016届高三英语一轮复习讲义：Book 4 Unit 11

　　重点识记词汇 1.affair n.事情，事件

　　2.widespread adj.广泛的

　　3.reform n.&vt.改革，改良

　　4.analyse vt.分析→analysis n.分析

　　5.stand for是……意思，代表；支持

　　6.publish vt.出版，发行

　　7.incident n.事件，事情

　　8.arise vi.发生，出现

　　9.blame vt.责怪，归咎于

　　10.willing adj.愿意的，乐意的

　　11.attempt vt.&n.尝试，试图

　　12.in favour of支持，赞同

　　13.be linked to/with与……相关联

　　14.defend vt.为……辩解；保卫

　　15.consist of由……组成

　　16.stand out突出，显眼

　　17.pretend vt.假装

　　18.respect n.&vt.尊敬，尊重

　　19.disagreement n.意见不一；分歧

　　20.suitable adj.合适的

　　21 approach n.方法，方式

　　22.contemporary adj.当代的

　　23.contribution n.贡献，捐助

　　24.as long as只要

　　25.comment on发表意见；提出看法

　　26.help out帮忙做某事；帮助克服困难

　　27.go ahead with开始做；着手干

　　28.environmental adj.自然环境的

　　29.host n.&vt.主办(国、机构、城市)；主人；主办

　　30.conclude vt.做出结论；结束

　　31.attitude n.态度，看法→attitude to对……的态度

　　32.demand vt.要求，请求→demand...of向……提要求

　　33.application n.申请(书)；应用→apply to适用于

　　34.innocent adj.天真无邪的，单纯的；无罪的

　　35.nation n.国家；民族→national adj.全国(性)的

　　36.explanation n.解释，说明→explain v.解释，说明

　　37.belief n.信仰；信心；信任→believe v.相信，信任；认为

　　38.employ vt.雇用→unemployment n.失业

　　39.evidence n.证明，证据→evident adj.明白的，明显的

　　40.announce vt.宣布，宣告→announcement n.宣告，宣布；通知

　　41.favour n.赞同；恩惠→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的

　　42.encouragement n.鼓励→encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的→encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的

　　43.advertise vt.为……做广告→advertisement n.广告

　　44.consideration n.必须考虑的事→consider vt.考虑；认为

　　45.harmful adj.有害的→harm n.&v.危害，伤害

　　46.faithfully adv.忠实地，真诚地→faith n.信任，信仰

　　47.interrupt

　　vt.&vi.打断；打扰→interruption n.打断；打扰

　　必背经典句式 1.It is likely to be just the name of a company，part of which

　　may be a general location.

　　很可能只是一家公司，其中一部分可能是一个大概的位置。

　　2.AIDS is another problem of great concern so sex education and health care administration are extremely important.

　　艾滋病是另一个深受关注的问题，所以性教育和健康护理机构非常重要。

　　3.However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.

　　然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和服务的。

　　4.According to the research published by Leeds University yesterday，people don’t mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.

　　据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目，人们并不介意。

　　5.No matter what the government says，it is clear that the airport will also affect our health.

　　不管政府说什么，很明显这个飞机场也会对我们的健康有影响。

　　构词记忆 　replace /rIpleIs/vt.1.替换；取代；更换　2.把……放回原处

　　resist /rIzIst/vt.1.抗拒；抵抗；抵御　2.忍住；vi.抵抗；抵制；抗拒

　　restore /rIstɔː/vt.恢复；使复原；使复位

　　return /rItɜːn/vi.返回；恢复；送还；vt.归还；使恢复；回报；n.[C]&[U]返回；归还；回报

　　Ⅰ.词汇与派生

　　A．语境填词

　　1．What’s more，I am willing(乐意的) to tell you that I am to do some part­time jobs in the summer holiday.

　　2．On the other hand，they also suffer from less respect(尊重) and lower pay.

　　3．I guess that was the turning point of my attitude(态度) towards it.

　　4．It’s impossible for us to satisfy everyone’s demands(要求)．

　　5．Smoking is harmful(有害的) to our health.

　　6．His encouragement(鼓励) made me become more confident of myself.

　　7．He has made great contributions(贡献) to our country.

　　8．Students should understand the approach(方法) to communicating with others on packing.

　　9．The sentry(哨兵) defended(守卫) the gate against sudden attack.

　　10．The waste water also creates one of environmental(自然环境的) pollution origins.

　　B．用所给词的适当形式填空

　　11．She’s waiting patiently in the belief (believe) that he’ll come back.

　　12．When we faced her with all the evidence (evident)，she admitted the crime.

　　13．The judge didn’t believe his explanation (explain) that he had stolen the money in order to give it to charity.

　　14．There is no doubt that unemployment (employ) has caused damage both to individuals and to communities.

　　15．If you want to sell your old sofa，you can put an advertisement(advertise) in the local newspaper.

　　16．They began shooting immediately after the announcement (announce).

　　17．All attempts (attempt) to control the spread of the disease have failed.

　　18．We considered (consideration) that the young man was not guilty.

　　19．He was honored for his bravery(brave) and honesty as well as his strong support of just causes.

　　20．She made a favorable (favor) impression on us.

　　21．Do you remember him pretending(pretend) to be his father on the phone?

　　22．A number of high buildings have arisen(arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.

　　Ⅱ.短语运用

　　A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空

　　stand for, consist of，stand out，be linked

　　to/with，come down to，demand...of，go ahead with，apply to，comment on ，help...out

　　23.Similarly，you are representing your blog every time you comment on another blog.

　　24．UN stands for the United Nations.

　　25．But，just what does a properly balanced diet consist of?

　　26．While she was away，he went ahead with the work and got a lot done.

　　27．You should pay great attention to the centre who stands out in the French team.

　　28．What it comes down to is whether we stay here or leave.

　　29．He talked to me because he wants his editors to demand so much more of him.

　　30．He was rushing back to help them out of poverty.

　　31．More and more mobiles are likely to be linked to/with the Internet.

　　32．Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial production.

　　B．用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空

　　as long as, attitude to，in favour of，in detail

　　33.I will discuss it in detail later in this article.

　　34．Some are in favour of it；some are against it.

　　35．I will cooperate as long as I am notified on time.

　　36．People’s attitudes to failure，however，vary greatly from person to person.

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　37．It is likely to be cold in November.

　　十一月可能会冷起来。

　　38．You can make it so long as you work hard.

　　只要你努力工作，你会取得成功。

　　39．All my friends do not study well.＝Not all my friends study well.

　　我的朋友并不是个个都学习好。

　　40．No matter what problem it is，I’ll work it out by myself.

　　无论它是什么样的问题，我将自己解决。

　　41．It was after I went abroad that I found English was of great importance.

　　在我出国后我才发现英语很重要。

　　1

　　[应试指导]　(1)虚拟语气的考查　(2)写作经典句式as demanded　(3)写作高级词汇demanding

　　demand of sb. to do...要求某人做……

　　demand doing/to be done需要……

　　demand that...should do...要求……

　　satisfy/meet one’s demands满足某人的需求

　　on demand一经要求,in demand需要

　　make demands of对……提出要求

　　demanding adj.要求高的；需要高技能或耐性等的；苛求的

　　First，science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.

　　首先，在中国对理科毕业生的需求比文科毕业生大。(安徽·书面表达)

　　This check is payable on demand.

　　这是见票即付的支票。

　　[特别提醒]

　　demand作动词时，后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语，但不可跟sb.to do结构；后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)Strike workers demanded to see (see) the manager.

　　(2)My demand is that the information referred to in my report be emailed (email) to Mr.Brown without delay.

　　(3)He found he could no longer cope with his demanding (demand) job.

　　2

　　[应试指导]　口头通知常用词汇

　　It is announced that...据称；据宣布……

　　announce to sb.sth./that...向某人宣布……

　　announcement n.宣布，宣告；声名

　　make an announcement下通知；宣布

　　It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.

　　据宣布，将有新的限速规定出台。

　　She was planning to announce her engagement to Peter.

　　她正计划宣布她和彼得订婚一事。

　　[特别提醒]

　　announce后不跟双宾语，即不能说announce sb.sth.，可以说announce to sb.sth.。类似不接双宾语的动词还有：explain，say，report，describe，suggest，mention，express等。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)Attention，please！I have an announcement to make (make).

　　(2)It has been announced (announce) already that the meeting is put off.

　　3

　　[应试指导]　(1)后跟同位语从句时连接词的考查　(2)写作高分句式：It is evident that...

　　[多词一义]　evident，obvious，clear

　　gather evidence收集证据

　　evident adj.清楚的；明显的

　　It is evident that...很显然……

　　Before making his decision，the judge heard the evidence.

　　法官听取证词后才作决定。

　　It has now become evident to us that a mistake has been made.

　　我们已经清楚出了差错。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　①Many people see the use of “dama” as evidence that the more advanced a country becomes, the more influential its language is.

　　②His intention was not evident to me.

　　③Evidently(evident)，you are wrong.

　　(2)Evidently，practice is important for everybody.

　　It is evident that practice is important for everybody.(改为含有主语从句的复合句)

　　4 blame v.把……归咎于，责怪，指责say or think sb.is responsible for；n.过失；责任responsibility；责备，指责

　　[应试指导]　be to blame主动表被动的用法

　　blame sb.for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人

　　blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人

　　be to blame (for sth.)应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)

　　accept/bear/take the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任

　　put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上

　　Everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.

　　人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。

　　The president put the blame completely on his opponent.

　　总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。

　　[词义辨析]　blame，charge，accuse

　　(1)blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于。常用于blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人；blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人。

　　(2)charge控告；谴责。常用于charge sb.with (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。

　　(3)accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　①It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.

　　②She was said to have been charged with drunken driving.

　　③I was told that he was accused of murder.

　　(2)他把考试失败归咎于老师。(一句多译)

　　①He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame...on)

　　②He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam. (blame...for)

　　③He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame n.)

　　5

　　[应试指导]　作为高级词汇替换try

　　attempt to do/at doing...尝试试图做……

　　make an attempt to do/at doing...尝试做……

　　make an attempt on one’s life企图谋杀某人

　　at one’s first attempt第一次尝试

　　in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事；希望做某事

　　The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia.

　　只有在费城那次我们曾试着做那样的事。

　　It was one of his rare attempts at humor.

　　那是他极不常见的想要表现幽默的一次。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　①I passed my driving test at the first attempt.

　　②Someone has made an attempt on the president’s life.

　　③He attempted to escape(escape) from the prison，but he couldn’t find anybody to help him.

　　(2)他们试图攀登那座小山。(一句多译)

　　①They made an attempt to climb that hill. (attempt n.)

　　②They attempted to climb that hill. (attempt v.)

　　6

　　[多词一义]　defend，guard，protect，in defence of

　　defend sb./sth.from/against sb./sth.保护某人物免受伤害；保卫某人物

　　defend oneself against sth.为自己辩护

　　defence n.防卫，保卫；辩护

　　in defence of保卫……；为……辩护

　　Every man who could fight was now committed to defend the ridge.

　　每个能够参加战斗的男子现在都决心要保卫这条山脊。

　　Police chiefs strongly defended police conduct against a wave of criticism.

　　针对批评的浪潮，警察局长们极力为警方的行为进行辩护。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　①He made a long speech defending (defend)his views from objections.

　　②They defended themselves against being attacked (attack).

　　③The best defence (defend)is a good offense.

　　(2)He has hired a lawyer to defend him against his action.

　　He has hired a lawyer in his defence against his action.(用defence改写句子)

　　7

　　in the process of在……过程中

　　in the process在进行中

　　speed up the process加速进程

　　The house is still in the process of being built.

　　房子还在建设中。

　　Will you describe the process of building a boat?

　　你能描绘一下造船的步骤吗？

　　[特别提醒]

　　process表示做某事的方法或程序，其后可接of/for doing sth.，但一般不接不定式。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)Actually you can make learning English a process，where you can not only learn much knowledge but also interesting cultures.

　　(2)The museum is in the process of being restored(restore) these days.

　　8

　　[应试指导]　后跟非谓语动词不同时态的考查

　　pretend to do/to be doing/to have done假装要/正在/已经做了某事

　　pretend to be＋adj./n.假装是……

　　pretend that...假装……

　　I pretend that things are really okay when they’re not.

　　当情况不好的时候我假装一切顺利。

　　He pretended to be friendly to us.

　　他假装对我们友好。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　①Don’t pretend to understand(understand) when you don’t.

　　②When his mother came in，he pretended to be studying(study).

　　③He pretended to have known(know) the answer to the problem already.

　　④She would open a book，pretending(pretend) to read，with tears dropping on the open page.

　　(2)将下列复合句改为简单句

　　①She pretended that she was reading a book.

　　She pretended to be reading a book.

　　②He pretended that he had known the news.

　　He pretended to have known the news.

　　9

　　[应试指导]　人物类写作高频词汇

　　have/show respect for＝pay respect to尊敬；尊重

　　give/send respect to sb.向某人问候

　　in some respects在某些方面

　　in respect of＝with respect to关于，就……来说

　　respectable adj.值得尊敬的

　　respectful adj.表示敬意的

　　Consequently，those who do those most insignificant jobs should get respect as much as those being engineers or teachers.

　　所以，那些从事最微不足道工作的人应该得到同工程师和教师一样的尊重。(广东·读写任务)

　　His work is good in respect of quality but bad in respect of quantity.他的工作质量好但数量不够。

　　[夯实基础]

　　用respect的短语填空

　　(1)We often show respect for our leader，who is always showing a great deal of concern for us.

　　(2)I am writing in respect of the complaint you made last week.

　　(3)In some respects I don’t agree with you completely.

　　10 approach v.靠近，接近draw near；走近；接洽；n.方法means；接近；通道；路径path，road；接洽；建议

　　[应试指导]　作为高级词汇替换come near

　　an approach to...做某事的方法/途径；接近，靠近

　　at the approach of在快到……的时候

　　be approaching ……快到了

　　just around/round the corner时间上临近地，马上，快要；距离上紧邻地，很近地

　　When I approached，they grew silent.

　　当我走近时，他们就不说话了。

　　I like her approach to the problem.

　　我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)With the time for graduation approaching，we are busy with our papers.

　　①With the time for graduation just around the corner，we are busy with our papers.(用corner短语改写句子)

　　②As the time for graduation is approaching/drawing near，we are busy with our papers. (用as引导时间状语从句改写句子)

　　(2)When we approached the city center，we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.

　　Approaching the city center，we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.(用现在分词短语作时间状语改写句子)

　　11

　　interrupt sb./sth.打断某人事

　　interruption n.妨碍，打断，中断

　　without interruption不间断地

　　Don’t interrupt us；it’s rude.

　　别打断我们的谈话，这是很不礼貌的。

　　I’m sorry to interrupt you，but could you tell me the way to the hospital?

　　对不起，打扰了，你能告诉我去医院怎么走吗？

　　[夯实基础]

　　The telephone rang and interrupted her train of thought.

　　The telephone rang，interrupting her train of thought.(用现在分词短语作结果状语改写句子)

　　1

　　[多词一义]　(1)represent，stand for，be on behalf of

　　(2)stand，put up with，bear，tolerate

　　stand by站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持

　　stand out突出

　　stand doing/to do容忍做……

　　as it stands照此情况，照这个样子

　　from where I stand以我的观点立场

　　In China，these knots stand for friendship，love and good luck.

　　在中国，这些结代表着友谊、爱情和好运。(新课标全国Ⅱ·书面表达)

　　Please remember I’ll stand by you whatever happens.

　　请记住，无论如何，我都会支持你。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)选择方框内的短语填空

　　①How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn’t do?

　　②The new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out well.

　　③I disagreed fundamentally with what the party stood for.

　　(2)语法填空

　　①As it stands，it will be in our favor.

　　②You don’t seem to know where you stand.

　　③From where I stand，his career seems to take off soon.

　　2

　　[多词一义]　in favor of，be for，argue for，vote for，support，stand by

　　ask a favor of sb.求人帮一个忙

　　do a favor for sb.＝do sb.a favor帮某人一个忙

　　in one’s favor对某人有利

　　out of favor失宠的；不流行的

　　The exchange rate is in our favor for the time being.

　　汇率暂时对我们有利。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)Fortunately，the situation is in our favor(形势对我们有利) at the moment，so we are sitting on top of the world.

　　(2)Was he in favor of or against the plan(支持还是反对这个计划)?

　　3

　　[多词一义]　consist of，be composed of，be made up of

　　consist in＝lie in在于……；存在于……

　　consistent adj.前后一致的，始终如一的

　　be consistent with与……一致的；符合的

　　His breakfast consists of dry bread and a cup of tea.

　　他的早餐由不涂黄油的面包和一杯茶组成。

　　Good service consists in punctuality and dependability.

　　良好的服务在于守时与可靠。

　　[特别提醒]

　　consist of不使用被动语态和进行时。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)This club consists of eight members.

　　①This club is made up of eight members.(用be made up of改写句子)

　　②This club is composed of eight members.(用be composed of改写句子)

　　(2)Chang’e 3 consists of a lander and a moon rover called “Yutu” and now has landed on the moon in mid­December 2017.

　　Chang’e 3，consisting of a lander and a moon rover called “Yutu”，has landed on the moon in mid­December 2017.(用现在分词短语作定语改写句子)

　　4

　　ahead adv.在前方，向前方；领先，在……之前

　　ahead of在……前面；领先；早于

　　ahead of time提前,ahead of one’s time超越某人那个时代

　　go ahead前进；着手；进行；去做吧；开始吧

　　get ahead成功；出人头地

　　You are already ahead of schedule.

　　你已经比进度表提前很多了。

　　If so，you are ahead of the game.

　　如果是的话，你已经领先这个游戏。

　　[夯实基础]

　　翻译句子

　　(1)我们前面有一条河。(用倒装句)

　　Ahead of us lies a river.

　　(2)他在班上总是遥遥领先。

　　He is always well ahead of the rest of the class.

　　1 However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和服务的。

　　not all...＝all...not表示部分否定，也称半否定。,具有总括意义的代词each，everybody，everything，all，both等、形容词complete，whole等和副词completely，always，wholly，altogether等与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”的意思。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。

　　All my friends do not study well.＝Not all my friends study well.

　　我的朋友并不是个个都学习好。

　　Everything is not right.并非什么都好。

　　[夯实基础]

　　把下列半否定的句子改为全否定

　　(1)Not everything she did pleased him.

　　Nothing she did pleased him.

　　(2)Both of them are not my brothers.

　　Neither of them is my brother.

　　(3)I do not remember all the formulas.

　　I remember none of the formulas.

　　(4)She is not always excited.

　　She is never excited.

　　2 According to the research published by Leeds University yesterday，people don’t mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目，人们并不介意。

　　as/so long as只要，引导条件状语从句。

　　as long as还可译为“长达，和……一样长久”。

　　as far as远至；就……来说

　　as well as和……一样好；不但……而且；也……

　　as soon as一……就……

　　In our life we may meet many failures；as long as we try our best，there’s no need feeling regret for these failures.

　　生活中我们可能遇到许多失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。(湖南·书面表达)

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)—What are you going to do this afternoon?

　　—I’ll probably go for a walk later on so/as long as it stays fine(只要天一直好的话).

　　(2)I’ll tell him the news as soon as he comes back(他一回来).

　　(3)As far as I know(据我所知)，he is a man to be depended on.

　　(4)He makes films as well as he acts(他不仅演电影).

　　3At the last minute，he jumped out of the truck，hurting his ankle...最后时刻，他从卡车上跳了出来，伤着了脚踝……

　　现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中”，这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子；逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。

　　The child fell，striking his head against the door.

　　小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。

　　He hurried to the bus stop，only to find the bus had left.

　　他匆匆地去了车站，结果发现车已离开。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　①A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，resulting in an increase in production.

　　②Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find(find) it didn’t fit.

　　(2)A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，which resulted in an increase in production.(将上题句①改为复合句)

　　4单元语法

　　——语法填空

　　(1)The church tower which is being restored (restore) will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.

　　(2)In the spoken English of some areas in the US，the “r” sound at the end of the words is dropped (drop).

　　(3)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they have been promised (promise) before leaving their hometowns.

　　(4)It’s no use crying (cry) over spilt milk.

　　(5)Reading (read) English every day is a good way to improve English.

　　(6)My favorite sport is skiing (ski).

　　(7)The little boy admitted breaking (break) the window.

　　(8)He is invited to give an opening (open) speech for the conference.

　　高考题组

　　Ⅰ.语法填空(2017·广东)

　　Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day，16.wearing(wear) sunglasses.He walked in as if he17.had bought(buy) the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.

　　For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt18.pleased(please)，because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her，it was probably the fact that she sat in19.the last row.

　　20.Although/Though he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back，he was wrong.It might have made it a little21.harder (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around，but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.Of course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary，22.which made her feel like a star.

　　“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons？” the teacher asked.The new boy shook his head.“Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class.I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.”The new boy looked at the teacher23.for a few seconds and all the other students wondered24.what the boy would do.Then he took25.them off，gave a big smile and said，“That’s cool.”

　　Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译

　　1.而且，我想让你帮我一个忙。(favor)(2017·新课标全国Ⅰ·书面表达)

　　Also，I’d like you to do me a favor.

　　2.我们才能理解或记住老师要求我们掌握的知识。(demand)(2017·四川·书面表达)

　　We can understand or remember the knowledge which the teachers demand of us to master.

　　3.随着教师节的临近，我们班今年要变化一下庆祝的方式，通过举办一次晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。(approach)(2017·陕西·书面表达)

　　As Teachers’ Day was approaching，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.

　　4.图画中，小河的一边立着一棵结满果实的树。(stand)(2011·北京·开放作文)

　　In the picture，there stands a tree full of fruits on one side of the stream.

　　5.他们相信下次只要我更加努力学习我就能成功。(as long as)(2010·广东·读写任务)

　　They believe I can succeed next time as long as I work harder.

　　模拟题组

　　Ⅰ.语法填空

　　1.Good families are much to all their members，but everything to none.

　　2.Understanding (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.

　　3.He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving (leave) the breakfast untouched.

　　4.Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.

　　5.George returned after the war，only to be told (tell) that his wife had left him.

　　6.One’s life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.

　　7.At the meeting they discussed three different approaches to the study of mathematics.

　　8.Mum，I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I get paid (pay) on Friday.

　　9.Actually you can make learning English a process，where you can not only learn much knowledge but also interesting cultures.

　　10.—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?

　　—Actually I didn’t like either of them.

　　Ⅱ.单句改错

　　1.He managed to climb over the wall，but failed.managed→attempted或tried

　　2.The accused employed a lawyer in defence for him.for→of

　　3.Frankly speaking，I am not in favor to your plan.to→of

　　4.We are very grateful to the scientist，who has made great contributions for the space development program.for→to

　　5.They were very happy that they finished the task ahead time.ahead后加上of

　　6.It delighted us most was that we still had a lot of time left.It→What

　　7.He explained us why he was late for the meeting.explained后加上to

　　8.To our delight，the result is encouraged.encouraged→encouraging

　　9.London’s name had announced twice before，in 1908 and 1948，so it now has the distinction of being the first city to host the event three times.announced前加上been

　　10.The church tower which is restored will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.第一个is后加上being

　　Ⅲ.写作句式升级训练

　　1.I will do well in whatever I do.(素材来源于2017·新课标全国Ⅱ·书面表达)

　　No matter what I do，I will do a good job.(用让步状语从句及相关高级词汇改写句子)

　　2.Today，more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language.(素材来源于2017·江苏·书面表达)

　　Nowadays，an increasing number of English words find their way into the Chinese language.(用相关的高级词汇改写句子)

　　(一)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　For Canadians，backpacking Europe is a special ceremony signifying a new life stage.Unlike package tours，backpacking is a struggle，full of discovery and chance connections.It is about focusing on something different from our own lives and losing ourselves in a new world，if only for a moment.

　　Well，that’s what backpacking Europe is supposed to do.That’s what it used to do before modern communications，social media，and commercial hostelling(旅社)．Older Canadians would not recognize the Europe that they backpacked in the 1960s,1970s and even the 1980s.Far from a rough adventure into foreign cultures，the European experience has been shattered in part by today’s technology.

　　A few years ago，I took my then 60­year­old father on a backpacking trip across part of Europe and Turkey.As he is an experienced traveler and someone who possesses a strong sense of adventure，I decided that we’d travel on a budget，staying in hostel dorms.For him，backpacking through Europe in 1969 was about independence and struggle.But two things surprised him at the end of our journey.First was how technology­based backpacking had become：Young people were so directly connected to home that they were hardly away in any meaningful sense.Second，the lack of connections we made with locals.Instead of making us feel closer to a place，he found commercial hostelling actually made us more alienated.

　　But there was some room for hope.While technology takes our attention away from the beauty and history before us，there were also ways in which it helped us to connect with our surroundings.Websites like Airbnb have made it easier to stay with enthusiastic locals.CouchSurfing helps organize meet­ups between locals and travelers.The online marketplace Dopios offers a chance to meet locals through enjoyable experiences like a personalized city tour.

　　Backpacking can never be the way it was for our parents’ generation.But doing a little study of history and culture before leaving，and bravely getting rid of any electronic devices while traveling，will help give young travelers a taste of the glory days.

　　1．The underlined word “shattered” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “

　　”．

　　A．broadened

　　B．relived

　　C．ruined

　　D．acquired

　　答案　C

　　解析　词义猜测题。根据下一段中描述的科技对欧洲背包旅行的负面影响可以推断shattered为“破坏”之意。

　　2．After the recent backpacking trip in Europe，the author’s father finds

　　.

　　A．backpackers connect less with locals than before

　　B．young people dislike getting in touch with their family

　　C．a hostel is a nice place for travelers to meet each other

　　D．backpacking in Europe becomes more difficult than before

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。由第三段倒数第二句“Second，the lack of connections we made with locals.”可知，作者的父亲发现，与过去相比，如今，背包旅行者和当地人之间的联系变少了。

　　3．What’s the author’s attitude towards technology?

　　A．Negative.

　　B．Objective.

　　C．Uncertain.

　　D．Uninterested.

　　答案　B

　　解析　作者态度题。作者在第二段和第三段叙述了科技对背包旅行的不良影响，但是在第四段，笔峰一转，提出“But there was some room for hope.”，接着谈了科技对旅行有利的一面。综合来看，作者对科技的态度是比较客观的。

　　4．The text mainly discusses the relationship between

　　.

　　A．adventures and cultures

　　B．technology and traveling

　　C．young people and their family

　　D．Canadian travelers and Europeans

　　答案　B

　　解析　主旨大意题。综览全文，作者主要谈论的是科技对旅行的影响。文中的the European experience...by today’s technology及technology­based backpacking是解题的线索。

　　Ⅱ.阅读填空

　　Summer safety tips for children

　　Summer is a time for having fun in the sun！Children should be able to have fun but they should also be safe.Here are some helpful tips all parents should discuss with their children.

　　Never talk to strangers

　　5

　　If someone suspicious(可疑的) that they don’t know comes up to them，they should immediately either run away if they are alone or go somewhere where there are other people.

　　Keep cool in the heat

　　If your children must be outdoors in extreme heat，make sure that activities should be limited to 15 minutes.

　　6

　　Remember to ask them to drink some every 20 minutes even if they do not feel thirsty.

　　Water safety

　　For children who cannot swim，they should not go into the deep area of the water.And they should also play at places where there are lifeguards.This way if something were to happen，they would have someone there to help them.

　　7

　　Bike safety

　　8

　　Remember to ask your children to be careful in the street，sidewalk and even the driveway of your home.They need to be taught never to ride a bike out into the street without first looking for cars，and never into the street from behind a parked car，or from in the between two parked cars.

　　9

　　Children can be easily persuaded into experimenting with drugs and alcohol(酒)at a young age.Summer time gives them more time to stay with their friends who may offer them drugs or alcohol.Remember to tell your children the terrible health effects they have on their body.

　　A．Learn to read people

　　B．Stay away from them

　　C．Riding can be fun but also dangerous.

　　D．Of course，water is necessary for them.

　　E．Children should never be in a pool alone，anyway.

　　F．The Internet will be an educational tool for children.

　　G．Tell your children not to talk to anyone they don’t know.

　　答案　5.G　6.D　7.E　8.C　9.B

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　I can never forget the day then I went to have a piano test.Unluckily，an examiner who appeared rather serious and strict was sitting in the room.Known that many students had failed the test，I felt too nervous that I wondered whether I could pass it.Then it was my turns and my heart almost skipped a beat.However，when entering the room，it suddenly occurs to me that I could take this as a rare and precious chance to challenge me.Very to my surprise，the teacher，satisfying with my performance，gave me high marks.Whatever we face with，we should try our best to handle it.Only doing this can we succeed in the end.

　　答案　

　　I can never forget the day 或 then I went to have a piano test.Unluckily，an examiner who appeared rather serious and strict was sitting in the room. that many students had failed the test，I felt

　　nervous that I wondered whether I could pass it.Then it was my

　　and my heart almost skipped a beat.However，when entering the room，it suddenly

　　to me that I could take this as a rare and precious chance to challenge . to my surprise，the teacher， with my performance，gave me high marks.Whatever we face with，we should try our best to handle it.Only doing this can we succeed in the end.

　　Ⅳ.书面表达

　　假设你是李华，是伦敦一所学校的交换生，上周你去当地一家商店准备买一款新相机，但在询问该相机的情况时，售货员的服务态度很差，这与电视广告的宣传相差甚远，请你就此事给店主写一封投诉信。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3．信的开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。

　　Dear Sir or Madam，

　　I want to inform you of the terrible service I received in your store.

　　Yours faithfully，

　　Li Hua

　　参考范文

　　Dear Sir or Madam，

　　I want to inform you of the terrible service I received in your store.

　　I visited your store last week to purchase a new camera.The salesman was very rude and refused to answer my questions about the camera I chose.I do not consider it unreasonable to ask for information about something I want to buy.

　　Your advertisements on television state that you always provide quality customer service.However，the salesman is not a good example.Of course，I did not buy the camera in the end.

　　I look forward to receiving your explanation for your employee’s behavior.I hope you will prevent this from happening again.

　　Yours faithfully，

　　Li Hua

　　(二)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　Some people view a bad situation as a disaster.It’s not.It’s an opportunity.Once your old world collapses，you can recover and rebuild.Now you have the chance to start fresh and do things more intelligently.

　　I built my first business on an unstable structure.I kept it going for years，but the business collapsed last year.I had to leave my office，selling off all the furniture and equipment.I got kicked out of my apartment because I couldn’t pay the rent.I couldn’t pay my bills or debt.I declared bankruptcy.

　　For years there was the worry that this might happen if I didn’t keep straining to keep the business going.And my worries were right.What I worried would happen did happen.

　　But you know what？Going through that experience wasn’t really so bad.It was interesting.Some of it was actually pretty easy.Throughout most of it，I felt increasing relief and a renewed sense of freedom and possibility.All the old baggage was gone.No more office.Fewer possessions.Fewer obligations.No more debt.Most of all，no more straining.Life became a lot easier.

　　I got a cheaper and smaller apartment.I became debt­free.I learned to live within my means.Those were actually good things.The others were just feelings.The reality wasn’t actually painful.

　　After that，I kept going with the same business but completely changed the business model.I avoided the earlier mistakes，and that business recovered just fine and worked great.It was profitable every year from then on.But I had to go through the collapse first to reach that point.

　　If you’ve been feeling out of control with your current work or lifestyle，and you’re currently straining to keep it going，consider letting go.Try allowing the old world to collapse.Many or all of your fears and worries might actually come to pass，but that’s okay.You don’t have to keep the old world alive.If it keeps falling apart on you，let it collapse.Experiencing the collapse isn’t as bad as fearing the collapse.

　　1．The author regards the collapse of the old world as an opportunity to

　　.

　　A．bury ourselves in the disasters and then recover ourselves

　　B．sum up the failures and make up for the mistakes

　　C．turn to others for help to save ourselves

　　D．get a new world started in better ways

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Now you have the chance to start fresh and do things more intelligently.”可知，在作者看来，旧世界的崩溃意味着新世界的重建，也是更明智地做事的开始。

　　2．In the author’s opinion，the old baggage included

　　.

　　A．the unstable structure of his former business

　　B．the furniture and the equipment of his office

　　C．his real possessions and the invisible pressures

　　D．the freedom and possibility of refreshing himself

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“No more office...Most of all，no more straining.”可知，作者心中的旧包袱不仅仅包括了现实中看得见的一些东西，还包括了自己心中的无形压力。

　　3．What did the author do after his business failed last year?

　　A．He cleverly transformed his business model.

　　B．He started another completely different business.

　　C．He stayed at home to recover.

　　D．He paid off the debts and lived a simple life.

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“After that，I kept going with the same business...and that business recovered just fine and worked great.”可知，作者在去年生意失败之后，还是从事老本行，只是完全改变了生意模式，避免了以往的错误。

　　4．According to the author，when our work or life is out of our control，we can

　　.

　　A．keep straining and go on with determination

　　B．set it free or just let it completely break down

　　C．keep it alive with the courage to change it again

　　D．prevent it from falling apart on us

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的前两句话可知，作者建议大家，如果生活和工作实在无法掌控，就不要强求，要学会从容放弃。

　　B

　　You don’t need to be a social scientist to know there is a gender diversity problem in technology.The tech industry in Silicon Valley and across the nation is greatly male­dominated.

　　The conventional wisdom about why there are so few female coders (编程人员) usually points a finger at disparities (不平等) in the talent pool，which is linked to disparities in tech education.In fact，starting as early as adolescence，girls and boys often choose different academic paths.When the time comes for young people to go into engineering schools，serious gender disparities become visible.

　　A new study by sociologist Crumb offers an interesting new perspective on this divide.“What we find is that there are many schools where boys and girls take high school physics at the same rate，” Crumb said.“And that there are many other schools where more girls actually take physics than boys.When you look at the total number，you see a pattern where boys are taking physics more than girls，but there is a lot of variation around that.”

　　There are some obvious things that could cause those variations.If parents of some kids are highly educated，they might push their daughters to take tough courses in high school.Wealthy families might be able to afford tutoring，or have one parent stay home to help kids with homework.

　　But when Crumb controlled for those and other possibilities，she found one reason remained：“What we found is that in communities that had a higher percentage of women in the labor force who are working in science，technology，engineering and math，girls were as likely as boys to take physics，or even more likely.”

　　“If I am a young woman growing up in a community or culture like that，then that’s what I see as，‘Well，this is what I am expected to do，’” Crumb said.“But if no one around me is doing those things，it’s hard for me to even consider that possibility.”

　　5．People often blame the gender diversity in tech on

　　.

　　A．the difference in tech education

　　B．the difference in characteristics

　　C．the difference in engineering schools

　　D．the difference in high­tech firms

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The conventional wisdom about why there are so few female coders(编程人员) usually points a finger at disparities(不平等) in the talent pool，which is linked to disparities in tech education.”可知，人们普遍认为这种性别的差异与人才库，即技术教育的不平等有关，因此选A。

　　6．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

　　A．The country.

　　B．The pattern.

　　C．The question.

　　D．The divide.

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话中的“When you look at the total number，you see a pattern where boys are taking physics more than girls”可知，画线词that指的是前面提到的a pattern，即“男孩比女孩更多地选修物理”这个结构，故选B。

　　7．From what Crumb said in the last paragraph，we can infer

　　.

　　A．it’s hard for girls to choose their own jobs

　　B．girls are expected to do some traditional jobs

　　C．the environment affects girls’ choosing majors

　　D．there are fewer job choices for girls to make

　　答案　C

　　解析　推理判断题。结合最后一段中的“growing up in a community or culture like that”和“no one around me is doing those things”可知，周围的环境会影响女孩子们的专业选择，故选C。

　　8．Which of the following might be the most suitable title for the passage?

　　A．When Are Girls Likely to Take Physics Willingly?

　　B．What Causes Women to Avoid the Tech Industry?

　　C．How Can Girls Be Absorbed in Physics at School?

　　D．Why Aren’t More Girls Attracted to Physics?

　　答案　D

　　解析　标题归纳题。本文开篇指出了在科研领域男性占主导地位的事实，后又通过研究指出了周围的环境对女孩专业选择的影响，故D项符合主题。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　As a child I lived in a narrow house with five floors.Half my youth was

　　9

　　in running up and down the staircase and I have been a devoted stair­climber ever since.

　　The only place where I

　　10

　　take the stairs—unless I am going only one floor—is in the office.You could say this is because I am too busy climbing a

　　11

　　ladder to have any strength left for an actual one，but

　　12

　　it is because the long hours sitting still in front of a screen sap(耗尽) my

　　13

　　to expend and energy at all.

　　Yet a couple of weeks ago，

　　14

　　by a friend，I started walking up the 80 stairs to the office canteen，making the

　　15

　　several times a day in search of coffee，chocolates and Diet Cokes.

　　I have been

　　16

　　for this in various ways.First，it is usually

　　17

　　：55 seconds compared with about 70 in the lift，assuming a couple of stops on the way.Second，it

　　18

　　you feeling agreeably smug(得意的)．Third，it is a less stressful way of having chance to

　　19

　　colleagues.In the lift you are forced into a stressful exchange，while on the stairs you smile and

　　20

　　moving.Most important of all，it drags you out of your torpor(死气沉沉)．

　　Here，at last，is something that is good for you but that has none of the

　　21

　　of most healthy things.It does not taste bad or

　　22

　　special clothing；it is not inconvenient，expensive or

　　23

　　；it does not require any skill or courage.

　　Yet despite these

　　24

　　，stairs in offices are usually

　　25

　　of walkers.Instead，they are mainly used as a hiding place，a place for phoning your bank，shouting at your builder or exchanging top­secret gossip.I really don’t know why they

　　26

　　to take stairs.In my opinion，if companies really want to get people using the stairs，something stronger is

　　27

　　—like putting half the lifts out of service，

　　28

　　the strong people to walk.

　　9．A.wasted

　　B．involved

　　C．spent

　　D．experienced

　　答案　C

　　解析　孩提时代，作者住在一栋有五层的狭窄楼房中，有一半的青春是在楼梯间上上下下中度过的(spend)。

　　10．A.often

　　B．occasionally

　　C．frequently

　　D．never

　　答案　D

　　解析　除非去的地方只有一层楼，否则“我”唯一从来不爬楼梯的场所是在办公室。

　　11．A.virtual

　　B．challenging

　　C．long

　　D．visual

　　答案　A

　　解析　此处与后面的an actual one相对应。句意为：你可能会说，这是因为我忙着攀登职场虚拟的阶梯，而没有精力爬现实中的楼梯。

　　12．A.personally

　　B．actually

　　C．generally

　　D．typically

　　答案　B

　　解析　“忙着攀登职场虚拟的阶梯”是假设的理由，实际上(actually)真正的理由是因为屏幕前长时间的静坐耗尽了作者动用任何能量的欲望(desire)。

　　13．A.desire

　　B．attention

　　C．wisdom

　　D．courage

　　答案　A

　　解析　参考上题解析。

　　14．A.stopped

　　B．allowed

　　C．encouraged

　　D．frightened

　　答案　C

　　解析　由后面的“I started walking up the 80 stairs...”可推测作者应该是受到了一位朋友的鼓励。

　　15．A.survey

　　B．journey

　　C．circle

　　D．record

　　答案　B

　　解析　作者每天都会这么爬几趟，去找点咖啡、巧克力和健怡可乐之类的东西。由此语境可判断选B项。

　　16．A.praised

　　B．criticized

　　C．concerned

　　D．rewarded

　　答案　D

　　解析　根据下文的介绍可推断此处意为：爬楼梯在好几个方面对我大有裨益，即作者有所回报，故选D项。

　　17．A.quieter

　　B．easier

　　C．quicker

　　D．earlier

　　答案　C

　　解析　作者爬一趟楼梯要55秒，而坐电梯需要大约70秒，由此可知爬楼梯通常要快一些，故选C项。

　　18．A.leaves

　　B．prevents

　　C．senses

　　D．catches

　　答案　A

　　解析　其次，爬楼梯能让人体会到一种愉快的得意。由此语境可判断选A项。

　　19．A.debate with

　　B．deal with

　　C．compare with D．meet with

　　答案　D

　　解析　根据“In the lift you are forced into a stressful exchange”可推断此处句意为：第三，这是一种压力较小的面对同事的方式。

　　20．A.escape

　　B．keep

　　C．start

　　D．risk

　　答案　B

　　解析　在电梯里，一旦与同事相遇，你就不得不和他勉强交流几句，而在楼梯上你只需要微笑一下，然后继续前行。

　　21．A.results

　　B．benefits

　　C．drawbacks

　　D．reasons

　　答案　C

　　解析　爬楼梯对你很有好处，却没有多数有益健康的事物具有的缺点。

　　22．A.produce

　　B．require

　　C．wear

　　D．maintain

　　答案　B

　　解析　此处是在写爬楼梯的好处：它没有难吃的味道，也不需要专门着装；它没有任何不便之处，也不花钱，又不无聊；它对技能和勇气都没有要求。

　　23．A.amazing

　　B．interesting

　　C．tiring

　　D．boring

　　答案　D

　　解析　参考上题解析。

　　24．A.advantages

　　B．characteristics

　　C．methods

　　D．achievements

　　答案　A

　　解析　此处指上文所描述的爬楼梯的种种好处，故选A项。

　　25．A.full

　　B．worthy

　　C．proud

　　D．empty

　　答案　D

　　解析　然而，尽管爬楼梯有种种好处，办公楼里的楼梯间却通常空无行人。

　　26．A.hesitate

　　B．refuse

　　C．determine

　　D．prepare

　　答案　B

　　解析　根据“stairs in offices are usually

　　of walkers”可知人们拒绝爬楼梯。

　　27．A.called for

　　B．applied for

　　C．figured out

　　D．taken up

　　答案　A

　　解析　采取一些更强硬的手段，即这些手段是被要求的，故选A项。

　　28．A.permitting

　　B．training

　　C．forcing

　　D．forbidding

　　答案　C

　　解析　既然是强硬的手段，当然是迫使身强体壮的人们爬楼梯了，故选C项。

　　Ⅲ.写作素材(关于一起爆炸事件)

　　1．据报道猛烈的爆炸几乎毁坏了那家工厂，在现场有很多受伤者。

　　2．警方怀疑玛丽做了这件事。

　　3．但是没有证据表明她就是犯罪分子。

　　4．那么谁该为此事负责呢？

　　5．根据分析和她的解释，人们对此事有着不同的看法和态度。

　　提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用主语从句，宾语从句，过去分词短语作状语等。

　　连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇60词左右的英语短文)

　　It was reported that the heavy explosion almost destroyed that factory.There were many injured people on the spot.The police suspected that Mary did it.But there was no evidence to show that she was the criminal.Who was to blame for it? Based on the analysis and her explanation，people had different opinions and attitudes towards the matter.