2016届高三英语一轮复习讲义：Book 8 Unit 24

　　重点识记词汇 1.govern vt.统治，管理

　　2.accumulate v.积累

　　3.vacant adj.未住人的，空置的

　　4.come into being形成，存在

　　5.wind sb.up故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)

　　6.resign vt.&vi.辞职

　　7.delete vt.删除

　　8.virtue n.优点，长处

　　9.show off炫耀，夸耀

　　10.elect vt.选举，推选

　　11.knock into sb.撞上某人

　　12.cast

　　vt.&n.投下

　　13.turning point转折点

　　14.undertake vt.着手做，从事

　　15.break into闯入

　　16.fine n.罚款

　　17.on principle根据原则

　　18.abolish vt.废除

　　19.consequently adv.所以，因此

　　20.homelessness n.无家可归→homeless adj.无家可归的

　　21.voluntary adj.自愿的→volunteer n.志愿者

　　22.abundant adj.大量的→abundance n.大量；丰盛

　　23.signature n.签名→sign v.签(名)

　　24.adjustment n.调整，调节→adjust vt.调整，调节

　　25.diverse adj.各种各样的→diversity n.多样性；差异

　　26.bare adj.赤祼的→barely adv.仅仅；几乎不

　　27.spiritual adj.宗教的，教会的；精神的→spirit n.精神

　　28.sentence n.& vt.判决→sentence sb.to death判某人死刑

　　29.burden n.重担，负担；vt.(使)担负→be burdened with加负担于；使负重担

　　必背经典句式 1.As a society，it’s high time that we took these issues more seriously.

　　作为整个社会来讲，到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。

　　2.I’d rather you didn’t mention that.

　　我宁愿你不提起那件事。

　　3.What if some married people have affairs?

　　要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？

　　4.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements.

　　他们派卫兵把守着胡同的入口，这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。

　　构词记忆 　decoration /ˌdekəreIʃn/n.[U]&[C]装饰；装潢；装饰品

　　description /dIskrIpʃn/n.[C]&[U]描写；形容；叙述

　　destination /ˌdestIneIʃn/n.[C]目标；目的地；终点

　　devotion /dIvəʊʃn/n.[U]献身；忠诚；热心

　　Ⅰ.词汇与派生

　　A．语境填词

　　1．He will be set free as soon as the fine(罚款) is paid.

　　2．Abundant(大量的) rainfall this year means rainfall is enough.

　　3．Taking care of his sick brother is a great burden(负担) to him.

　　4．He was sentenced(判刑) to all life in prison for his violent behaviour.

　　5．Mr. Zhang was elected(选举) as the sixth headmaster last month.

　　6．Since he graduated from college，he has been undertaking(从事) experiments and calculations.

　　7．The country is governed(统治) by elected representatives of the people.

　　8．He accumulated(积累) a fortune through property speculation.

　　9．It is also a virtue(优点) to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and stressful society.

　　10．All three houses are vacant(空的)；she’s making no attempt to rent them out.

　　B．用所给词的适当形式填空

　　11．When she retired，she did a lot of voluntary (volunteer) work for the Red Cross.

　　12．The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless (homelessness) boy.

　　13．I was forced to sign (signature) the agreement against my will.

　　14．Without diversity (diverse)，there can be no world as we know.

　　15．Do you know Mr.Li has handed in his resignation (resign)?

　　Ⅱ.短语运用

　　A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空

　　do away with，show off，be burdened with，contribute to，charge for ，break into, sentence to death，knock into，come into being，wind up

　　16.I don’t like him very much.He’s very proud and always tries to show off.

　　17．He was found guilty and sentenced to death by poisoning.

　　18．She read as she walked，and then knocked into a tree.

　　19．The author tells us in Paragraph 1 how two “Irelands” came into being.

　　20．Nowadays peasants are no longer burdened with heavy taxation.

　　21．It’s bad manners to break into an office without knocking at the door.

　　22．Your hard work contributed to your great progress in English.

　　23．Are you deliberately winding me up?

　　24．These ridiculous rules and regulations should have been done away with years ago.

　　25．How much do you charge for a double room?

　　B．用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空

　　above all，in abundance，in search of，on principle，at risk

　　26.All kinds of flowers grow in abundance in the park.

　　27．At such moments，there are those on both sides of this debate who will act on principle.

　　28．If they have the virus they are putting patients at risk.

　　29．We must work，and above all we must believe in ourselves.

　　30．There was an economic boom and thousands of people flocked to the city from the countryside in search of work.

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　31．It’s high time that we took measures to fight for a total tobacco ban.

　　到了采取措施为了全面的烟草禁令而战的时候了。

　　32．I’d rather you posted the letter.

　　我愿意你去寄信。

　　33．What if this problem had to be solved in the next half an hour?

　　在接下来的半小时里，如果这个问题必须解决，你会怎样做？

　　34．The Internet makes it easier for people to know about the world.

　　互联网使人们更容易了解世界。

　　1

　　on a voluntary basis在自愿的基础上

　　do voluntary work参加志愿工作

　　volunteer for自愿参加

　　volunteer to do自愿做……

　　volunteer as志愿当……

　　Morality is moral only when it is voluntary.

　　只有出于自愿时，道德才是道德的。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　①She works there on a voluntary basis.

　　②Why do you want to volunteer for our organization?

　　③The young man volunteered to stop the drunken men from fighting.

　　(2)定于下个月开始实施的方案是自愿性质的。(翻译句子)

　　The scheme，due to begin next month，will be voluntary.

　　2

　　[多词一义]　abundant，enough，sufficient，adequate

　　be abundant in富于……，……很丰富

　　have an abundant supply of有充足的……供应

　　abundance n.丰富，大量，多

　　in abundance大量，富裕

　　There is an abundant supply of cheap labour.

　　廉价劳动力供应充足。

　　Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation.

　　高大的植被中有着大量的鸟类。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)Indonesia is abundant in(在……方面富有) petroleum deposits.

　　(2)Wild flowers grow in abundance(大量地) on the hillsides.

　　3

　　burden n.义务、责任等的重担，负担duty；responsibility；v.使担负沉重或艰难的任务、职责等give sb.a duty，responsibility，etc.

　　[应试指导]　非谓语动词句法功能的考查

　　bear/carry/ease/reduce/share a burden承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担

　　burden sb./oneself with sth.加负担于某人或自己

　　be burdened with sth.负重

　　His invalid father is becoming a burden to him.

　　他父亲体弱多病，对他来说渐渐成了累赘。

　　I don’t want to burden you with my problems.

　　我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)Too much homework is a burden to students(对学生来讲是一个负担).

　　(2)She was burdened with five children and she had to work day and night.

　　①She burdened herself with five children and she had to work day and night.(用burden...with改写句子)

　　②Burdened with five children，she had to work day and night.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)

　　4

　　a vacant seat空座

　　a vacant expression茫然的神情

　　In every major city there are more vacant buildings than there are homeless people.

　　各大城市里空置的楼房比无家可归的人都多。

　　The post of chairman has been vacant for some time.

　　主席之位已经空缺一段时间了。

　　[夯实基础]

　　单句改错

　　Are there any rooms empty in this hotel？empty→vacant

　　5

　　elect sb.as...选举某人担任……

　　elect sb.to...选举某人到……职位

　　win/lose an election在选举中获胜/失败

　　run for election参加竞选

　　She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.

　　她成为第一个被选进参议院的黑人妇女。

　　He was elected as MP for Oxford East.

　　他被选为牛津东区的议员。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)Those electing (elect) to smoke will be seated at the rear.

　　(2)In America，presidential elections (elect) are held every four years.

　　(3)Besides，in November they may elect him as president.

　　(4)If we all get behind Mr.Smith we can easily elect him to that office.

　　6

　　undertake＋n./pron.承担……

　　undertake to do...着手做……，答应做……

　　undertake for...为……负责

　　I’ll leave you to undertake an important mission.

　　我要让你承担一项重要使命。

　　She undertook responsibility for the changes.

　　她承担了这些变革的责任。

　　[夯实基础]

　　He undertook that he would finish the job by Friday.

　　He undertook to finish the job by Friday.(改为简单句)

　　7

　　serve a sentence服刑

　　a life sentence终身监禁

　　pass sentence on sb.对某人判刑

　　sentence sb.to sth.给某人判……刑；宣判某人……罪刑

　　The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.

　　这个犯人已服刑期满，明天将释放。

　　The judge sentenced the murderer to death.

　　法官判处那个杀人犯死刑。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)The judge will pass sentence on him.

　　(2)A military court sentenced him to death in his absence.

　　1

　　come into force法律实施，生效

　　come into effect生效

　　come into power当权

　　come into office就职

　　come into use/service开始使用

　　come into the habit of养成……的习惯

　　This decision，which aims to make all indoor public places smoke­free，will come into effect next year.

　　这个决定旨在使所有的室内公共区域都变成无烟区，从明年开始生效。(广东·基础写作)

　　How words came into being is unknown.

　　单词是怎样形成的并不为人所知。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)The new law will come into force/effect(将生效) next month.

　　(2)The big hotel has come into use/service(已经投入使用).

　　(3)I’ve come into the habit of (养成……的习惯) reading novels in my spare time.

　　2

　　show...out领……出去

　　show sb.around/round领某人参观

　　show...in带或领……进来lead/guide...in

　　show up出席；到场

　　on show在展出

　　Peter is keen to show off his new car.

　　彼得喜欢炫耀他的新车。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)用show off，show up的适当形式填空

　　①He promised to come but did not show up in the end.

　　②Mary was showing off her engagement ring.

　　(2)请你把参观者领进来，好吗？(翻译句子)

　　Show the visitors in，will you?

　　3

　　fix one’s eyes on/upon注视，凝视stare at

　　have a good eye for sth.对……有鉴赏眼光

　　look sb.in the eye直视正视某人

　　have/get one’s eye on sb./sth.看中某人/物

　　catch one’s eye引起某人的注意；吸引某人的目光

　　Please keep an eye on the baby for me.

　　请替我照看一下婴儿。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)Could you do me a favor and keep an eye on my luggage?

　　(2)Gail has a good eye for fashion.

　　(3)Can you look me in the eye and tell me you’re not lying?

　　(4)I’ve got my eye on a nice little sports car that I’m saving up for.

　　1 What if some married people have affairs？如果有些已婚人士有婚外情怎么办呢？

　　What if...？“如果……将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系？”为省略结构，相当于What shall we/I do if...？。what if中what可看作是what should sb.do或what does it matter或what would happen的省略。what if用于提出假设时，其后句子可用陈述语气一般现在时，也可用虚拟语气一般过去时或should＋动词原形。

　　What for？为何目的，为何理由？

　　So what？那又怎么样？

　　What/How about...？……怎么样？

　　Guess what？你知道……吗？

　　What’s up？＝What’s the matter？怎么了？

　　What if she finds out that you have lost her book?

　　如果她发现你弄丢了她的书，怎么办？

　　What if we fail/failed/should fail?

　　万一我们失败了，怎么办？

　　[夯实基础]

　　如果下周的数学考试我不及格怎么办？(翻译句子)

　　What if I fail the math exam next week?

　　2

　　The global population at present is about 6 billion with 1 person in every 10 aged 60 or above.现在全球人口大约60亿，每10人就有1人的年龄在60岁或以上。

　　with 1 person in every 10 aged 60 or above为“with＋复合宾语”作定语。

　　“with复合结构”在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的结构有：

　　1with＋宾语＋doing

　　2with＋宾语＋done

　　3with＋宾语＋adj.

　　4with＋宾语＋adv.

　　5with＋宾语＋to do

　　6with＋宾语＋介词短语

　　He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.

　　他和衣躺在床上。

　　She sat still in the chair，with her eyes closed.

　　她一动不动地坐在椅子里，双眼紧闭。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)With winter coming(come) on，it’s time to buy warm clothes.

　　(2)With all the things she needed bought (buy)，she went home happily.

　　(3)With nothing to do(do)，Tom sleeps at home.

　　3单元语法

　　——语法填空

　　(1)It’s high time that we got/should get (get) down to work.

　　(2)I would rather you came (come) tomorrow.

　　(3)We demanded that we (should) need (need) more time to relax.

　　(4)You ought to have done (do) your work yesterday，but you went out to call on your friends.

　　(5)If I were you，I would go (go) abroad next year.

　　高考题组

　　Ⅰ.短文改错(2017·陕西)

　　My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month.It is in the downtown area，but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.

　　We lived in a comfortably double­room with a big bath.What I liked best were the free high­speed Internet connection in the room.I checked my email messages every day.I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing.The food was wonderful with reasonable prices，and we enjoyed several local dish.

　　It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.

　　答案　

　　My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we

　　Beijing last month.It is in the downtown area， it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.

　　We lived in a

　　double­room with a big bath.What I liked best

　　the free high­speed Internet connection in the room.I checked my email messages every day.I also shared

　　my friends many photos

　　in Beijing.The food was wonderful with reasonable prices，and we enjoyed several local .

　　It is such

　　great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of

　　who is going to Beijing.

　　Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译

　　1.我们必须严格自愿地遵守交通规则。(voluntary)(2017·江苏·书面表达)

　　We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules.

　　2.美丽的月亮挂在夜空中，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，分享着彼此的故事。(with复合结构)(2017·辽宁·书面表达)

　　With the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit，sharing our stories.

　　3.学生的负担多年来一直是热门话题，但是父母的担子很少引起关注尤其是子女的。(burden)(2011·江苏·书面表达)

　　The burden of students has been a hot topic for years，but the load of parents has received little attention，especially from their own children.

　　模拟题组

　　Ⅰ.语法填空

　　1.We would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.

　　2.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following (follow) them.

　　3.When asked (ask) for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.

　　4.Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he did (do) something instead of just talking.

　　5.Tired，Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.

　　6.She got off the bus，burdened (burden) with two heavy suitcases.

　　7.—The plane is due to take off at 7：50 from the airport.What if we fail to arrive there in time?

　　—Try to take another flight then.

　　8.—What is the trouble with you?

　　—I don’t know.The manager went out of the office，with his eyes fixed (fix) on me.

　　9.You have no idea how she finished the relay race with her foot wounded so much.

　　10.—How about your journey to Mount Emei?

　　—Everything was wonderful except that our car broke down twice on the way.

　　Ⅱ.单句改错

　　1.Burdened such a big family，he had to work hard all day long.Burdened后加上with

　　2.Be honest，which is virtue.is后加上a

　　3.With her elected the committee，we are more confident.elected后加上to

　　4.I dislike the man，who is thirsty about power.about→for

　　5.I don’t know when the Roman Empire came to being.to→into

　　6.Don’t take any notice of him.He is just showing around.around→off

　　7.Nobody gets away insulting me like that.away后加上with

　　8.I would rather that you didn’t smoke.去掉that

　　9.Apart good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.Apart后加上from

　　10.You must resign yourselves to wait a bit longer.wait→waiting

　　Ⅲ.写作句式升级训练

　　To my great surprise，he made such great progress.

　　What surprised me most was that he made such great progress.(用what引导的主语从句改写句子)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　Have you paid much attention to your daily elevator ride？Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it.But Lee Gray，PhD，of the University of North Carolina，US，has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport.He is known as the “Elevator Guy”．“The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette(礼仪) is sort of strange，”Gray told the BBC.“They are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”

　　We walk in and usually turn around to face the door.If someone else comes in，we may have to move.And here，according to Gray，lift users unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements.He told the BBC what he had observed.

　　He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift，you can do whatever you want—it’s your own little box.If there are the two of you，you go into different corners，standing diagonally(对角线地) across from each other to create distance.When a third person enters，you will unconsciously form a triangle.And when there is a fourth person，it becomes a square，with someone in every corner.A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.

　　Newcomers to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act directly.Once in，for most people the rule is simple—look down，or look at your phone.

　　Why are we so awkward in lifts?

　　“You don’t have enough space，”Professor Babette Renneberg，a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin，told the BBC.“Usually when we meet other people we have about an arm’s length of distance between us.And that’s not possible in most elevators.”

　　In such a small，enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be understood as threatening or strange.“The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye contact，”she said.

　　1．Why does Lee Gray think that elevators are often very awkward places?

　　A．Because people in lifts are unfriendly with each other.

　　B．Because the space in lifts is limited，which makes people’s etiquette strange.

　　C．Because some people in lifts do something strange to arouse others’ interest.

　　D．Because it’s interesting to study people’s unique eye contacts in lifts.

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据文章第五、六段“Why are we so awkward in lifts？”和“You don’t have enough space.”可知答案为B。

　　2．According to the passage，which of the following is WRONG?

　　A．When the first person comes into the lift，he may stand anywhere and face the door.

　　B．When the second person enters，he may stand in the opposite corner of the first one diagonally.

　　C．When a third person enters，he will form a triangle deliberately.

　　D．When the fourth one enters，he will be in a corner of a square.

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容可知，he will form a triangle unconsciously，而不是deliberately。

　　3．What’s the message behind the fact that most people will look down or look at their phones once in?

　　A．They don’t want to make others feel threatening or uneasy.

　　B．They are always busy with their own thinking or businesses.

　　C．They are sometimes too shy to look others in the eye.

　　D．They are told only to mind their own business when in the lifts.

　　答案　A

　　解析　推理判断题。根据全文尤其是最后一段可知答案为A。

　　4．The main purpose of this passage is to

　　.

　　A．inform us of some interesting people in the elevators

　　B．share with us the author’s interesting but awkward elevator experiences

　　C．analyze in detail psychological reasons of some strange behaviors

　　D．present us with some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette

　　答案　D

　　解析　写作意图题。作者谈在电梯里的各种情况并加以分析，目的就是告诉读者这些不成文的规矩。

　　Ⅱ.阅读填空

　　Scholarship newsletter

　　Welcome back！I hope everyone had a great summer and you are looking forward to your senior year.Every month you will receive the scholarship newsletter.

　　5

　　Scholarships will be announced in the newsletter and on the bulletin(公告) boards in Guidance and in the cafeteria.

　　You should bring all of your scholarship applications to Guidance to be processed and mailed out.If the scholarship application requires SAT or ACT scores，you are responsible for providing those.

　　If you have any questions about scholarships，see Mrs.Fontaine in Guidance.Meanwhile，here are some helpful tips for completing scholarship applications：

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　　Your time is valuable so don’t waste it applying for scholarships you are not qualified for.There will be plenty of scholarships you will be qualified for.

　　Pay attention to directions.Some organizations have very specific rules along with their applications，so make sure your application is completed to their specifications.

　　Pay attention to deadlines.

　　7

　　This means the due date on the application may be different from the due date on the newsletter.Please go by the deadline on the newsletter to ensure your application will go out on time.

　　Keep track of the scholarships you apply for.As you fill out the applications，write the names down and keep it with your scholarship information.

　　8

　　Keep copies of your essays.

　　9

　　Your essay may be able to be used for more than one application.

　　A．Pay attention to the criteria.

　　B．Believe in yourself and have a try.

　　C．Not all scholarships require essays，but some do.

　　D．Guidance needs two weeks to process your applications.

　　E．It will inform you of any scholarships we have in Guidance.

　　F．There will be some scholarships at the beginning of the year.

　　G．In the late winter or spring when there are so many applications，it is easy to lose track of which ones you filled out.

　　答案　5.E　6.A　7.D　8.G　9.C

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　I was shocking to know that our local railway line is to be closed at the end of year.The line has served us for many years，and generation of people have used it for journeys to and from work and school.If a line closes，countless students will have to cycle or walk to school，while at present the train takes them there every other 30 minutes.The twice­daily bus service，that covers this route，is not satisfactory.The journey takes much long，and the fare is double it of the train.Finally，the line provides work for many local people，and brings tourists to our town，help our businesses and shops economically.However，I think the line should stay open.

　　答案　

　　I was

　　to know that our local railway line is to be closed at the end of

　　year.The line has served us for many years，and

　　of people have used it for journeys to and from work and school.If

　　line closes，countless students will have to cycle or walk to school，while at present the train takes them there every other 30 minutes.The twice­daily bus service， covers this route，is not satisfactory.The journey takes much ，and the fare is double

　　of the train.Finally，the line provides work for many local people，and brings tourists to our town， our businesses and shops economically.，I think the line should stay open.

　　Ⅳ.书面表达

　　你将参加国际中学生环境论坛，就雾霾天气(fog and haze weather)这一问题发表演讲。请你用英语写一篇100词左右的发言稿。要点包括：

　　1．描述雾霾(fog and haze)对人们的身体和生活造成的不良影响；

　　2．建议民众和政府分别采取具体行动来维护空气质量。

　　注意：开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。

　　Ladies and gentlemen，

　　I feel it a great honor to have a chance to give a speech here，talking about

　　参考范文

　　Ladies and gentlemen，

　　I feel it a great honor to have a chance to give a speech here，talking about fog and haze weather.Since the end of last year，fog and haze weather has occurred a lot in some areas of China, which has done great harm to our daily life.Many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy fog and haze.Besides, more and more citizens have to go to see the doctor because of the serious disease caused by the fog and haze.

　　Now that we have realized the great harm caused by the fog and haze，we should take measures to reduce fog and haze weather.The government should suggest people go to work or school with the public transportation, such as the bus and the underground.Also more trees should be planted.As for me, I will go to school by bike or on foot.Would you join us in protecting the environment?

　　Thank you.