（江西）2017届高三英语三轮专项冲刺之专题检测卷26 阅读理解8

　　1

　　(2017·榆林模拟) A. An important research helping people know the truth.

　　B. The result of the affirmation exercise.

　　C. A conclusion from the results of the research.

　　D. A research made among some male and female students.

　　E. A comparison between the influence of the stereotype and the writing exercise on

　　women.

　　F. Some changes have taken place in women’s exam performances.

　　1.

　　Historically, men did better than women on the exams of science, technology and engineering, but things start to change now—women could perform much better and narrow this gender gap (性别差异) through a self-affirmation (自我肯定) writing exercise, according to a new research.

　　2.

　　From 399 male and female students, researchers from the University of Colorado asked a selected group to write about personally important values selected from a list (including “relationships with friends and family”, “gaining knowledge”) during the 15-minute writing exercise. Other students were placed into a control group and asked to write about their least important values and to explain why they might be important to other people.

　　3.

　　At the end of the 15-week course, the gap between male and female academic performance had narrowed for the women who had taken part in the values affirmation exercise. At the end of the course, about 56 percent of women in the control group had earned a C. But among the women who performed the affirmation exercise, the Cs decreased to 41 percent.

　　4.

　　The stereotype (成见) that men are better than women at science could put pressure on women, according to the researchers, which could lead to poorer outcomes for these women. The writing exercise likely buffered (缓和) against the threat, the researchers found.

　　5.

　　“These results tell us that writing self-affirming essays improved women’s exam performances by alleviating (减轻) their anxiety related to being seen in light of negative stereotypes about women in science. ”said the study researcher Akira Miyake from the University of Colorado.

　　2

　　(2017·商洛模拟)

　　A. Different ideas about how to create sustainable agriculture.

　　B. Sustainable agricultural activities will lead to two problems.

　　C. Basic standards and different techniques should be combined to develop sustainable agriculture.

　　D. Some efforts should be made to realize the dream of sustainable agriculture.

　　E. Sustainable agricultural activities are related to two problems.

　　F. As time goes on, sustainable agriculture will be developed and used widely.

　　Sustainable (可持续的) agriculture is the power of farmers to produce food in such a way that the environment is unaffected by their agricultural activities.

　　1.

　　There are two problems that are connected with this kind of agricultural activity. One is connected with biological activities like the use of fertilizers (肥料) and man-made nutrients, and the provision of other resources (资源) such as water, wind and sunlight. The other is concerned with the labor of farmers, the price of products and total production. Most forests have lost their fertility (肥沃) due to standard farming techniques. These standard farming techniques are being replaced by sustainable agriculture techniques.

　　2.

　　There is a huge dialogue between different businesses, farmers and scientists on creating sustainable agriculture. One can be growing many crops in a very single field. This will cut back the loss of nutrients. At the same time, climate and water resources will be best used. Another method of sustainable agriculture is to grow only one crop in a field. However, it’s not highly encouraged as it may make soil lose its fertility overtime.

　　3.

　　Sustainable agriculture will have an effect on food production and it needs to be made greater as a result of the increasing world population. Some supporters who accept sustainable agriculture agree on using organic (有机的) farming. Though this method creates comparatively low production, it will be used in those areas that are dry. It’s an expensive method; however, if individuals are educated to learn the use of this technique, then it is possible to be used widely and new techniques can be introduced to increase the output in future.

　　4.

　　Sustainable agriculture is not a one-size-fits-all form. Each farm is different and has its own needs and techniques to achieve sustainability. But there are a number of basic standards that can provide farmers with a good starting point. For example, farmers trying to achieve sustainability should increase nutrient cycling. Soil should be thought of as a living matter, not simply a physical or chemical thing.

　　5.

　　In general, farmers should try to build soil in a way that increases organic matter and reduces water runoff. Using sustainable techniques needs some thought. Though it is very beneficial, this system still remains a dream for many nations.

　　答案解析

　　1

　　【文章大意】本文属于科普知识类, 文章通过研究分析主要讲述了男生和女生在学习成绩上的差异, 以及产生差异的原因。

　　1. 【解析】选F。本段介绍了过去男生在理工学科上的成绩优于女生, 而现在情况有所改变。故选F。

　　2. 【解析】选D。本段介绍的是一项来自卡罗拉多大学对于399名男生和女生的研究报告。故选D。

　　3. 【解析】选B。从本段的一些数据可知是讲肯定练习的结果。故选B。

　　4. 【解析】选E。本段主要从人们普遍认为男性在理科方面要优于女性的成见和写作练习这两方面对女性的影响做了对比。故选E。

　　5. 【解析】选C。根据本段第一句中的“These results tell us. . . ”可知选C。

　　2

　　【文章大意】可持续农业是什么? 它对现代农业有什么积极的推进作用? 阅读这篇文章, 你将找到答案。

　　1. 【解析】选E。由该段第一句中“There are two problems that are connected with. . . ”与E项“. . . are related to two problems. ”相呼应, 所以选E。

　　2. 【解析】选A。由该段第一句中“. . . on creating sustainable agriculture. ”及大意可知是围绕对可持续农业的不同观点展开, 所以选A。

　　3. 【解析】选F。由该段大意可知谈论了可持续农业的优点并展望了可持续农业的未来, 所以选F。

　　4. 【解析】选C。由该段大意可知说明了可持续农业的形式与基本标准对可持续农业的影响, 所以选C。

　　5. 【解析】选D。由该段大意可知讲述了对可持续农业的期望, 高产、低耗是人类共同的梦想, 所以选D。