（江西）2017届高三英语三轮专项冲刺之专题检测卷22 阅读理解4

　　A

　　(2017·西安模拟) 体裁 记叙文 题材 获得帮助 词数 366

　　I still clearly remember that day. I was on the side of the road for close to four hours with my big Jeep. I put signs in the windows that said, “NEED A JACK (千斤顶) ”.

　　Right as I was about to give up, a truck stopped and a man got off. He sized up the situation and went back to take a jack. After about two hours, we finished the job with sweats. We were both dirty. His wife produced a large water jug for us to wash our hands in.

　　I tried to put $20 in the man’s hand, but he wouldn’t take it, so instead I went up and gave it to his wife as quietly as I could. I thanked them up one side and down the other. I asked the little girl, their daughter, where they lived, thinking maybe I’d send them a gift. She said they lived in Mexico. They were in Oregon now so Mommy and Daddy could pick cherries for the next few weeks. After that, they were going to pick peaches, and then go back home.

　　After I said my goodbyes and started walking back to the Jeep, the girl called out and asked if I’d had lunch. When I told her no, she ran up and handed me a tamale (玉米粽子) . I thanked them again and walked back to my car. When I opened the tamale, what did I find inside? My $20 bill! I ran to the van and the guy rolled down his window. He saw the $20 in my hand, started shaking his head smiling, and with what looked like great concentration said in English: “Today you, tomorrow me. ”Then he rolled up his window and drove away, with his daughter waving to me from the back.

　　This family, working on a seasonal basis where time is money, took a couple of hours to help a stranger while others passed by quietly.

　　Since then I’ve helped many people like the Mexican family. I didn’t accept money. But every time I was able to help, I felt as if I was putting something in the bank.

　　1. From the passage we know that.

　　A. the Mexican man couldn’t speak English

　　B. the author’s car broke down on the road

　　C. the Mexican family came to Oregon for a visit

　　D. $20 was a small amount for the Mexican family

　　2. Why did the author give the money quietly to the man’s wife?

　　A. Because the man had refused to accept it.

　　B. Because the man’s wife needn’t wash her hands.

　　C. Because the author thought the Mexican family was poor.

　　D. Because the author thought the man’s wife would take it.

　　3. The Mexican man helped the author because he tended to think that.

　　A. it was completely wrong for others to pass by quietly

　　B. it was quite easy to help the author mend the Jeep

　　C. it was possible that everyone might get into trouble

　　D. the author was a polite stranger and deserved the help

　　4. What can we infer from the passage?

　　A. The Mexican family lived a richer life than the author.

　　B. The Mexican family did seasonal work in Oregon each year.

　　C. The author was inspired to help others by the Mexican family.

　　D. What made the writer moved was the tamale given by the girl.

　　B

　　体裁 议论文 题材 大脑的研究 词数 390

　　What makes humans smarter than other animals? We’ve got a bigger brain, of course. But when it comes to brains, is bigger always better?

　　Traditionally, scientists have thought that humans’ superior intelligence derived (源于) mostly from the fact that our brains are three times bigger than those of our nearest living relatives, chimpanzees. People even used to believe that because men have slightly larger brains than women that men are smarter.

　　This, however, is not the truth. Scientists at University College London in the UK have found that brain organization, and not brain size, is the key to the superiority of human intelligence, reported Live Science.

　　Through millions of years of evolution, our ancestors were constantly pushed to get smarter so that they could meet the demands of new environments. However, holding this growing intelligence in increasingly large brains was not the best choice because bigger brains require more energy to power. “This is when reorganization may come into play, ”said Christophe Soligo, a member of the London research team.

　　In the study, scientists looked at the brains of 17 species of primates (灵长目动物) , including monkeys, apes and humans. They found that in the process of evolution, brains didn’t keep growing as a whole. Certain regions of the brain grew prior to others in response to species’ needs, and in this way they could make the best use of their limited brain space.

　　For example, when early humans were struggling to survive, the brain region in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions. But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) —the region in charge of social cognition (认知) , moral judgments and goal-directed planning—grew more than the rest of the brain.

　　Think of the brain as a room. If a big room is poorly organized, it doesn’t necessarily store more stuff than a smaller one.

　　Paul Manger, professor at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, explains this principle using the example of whales. He told Scientific American: “Whales have big brains, absolutely. But if you look at the actual structure of the brain, it’s not very complex. Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized properly. ”

　　5. It has recently been found that humans are smarter than the other animals mainly because　.

　　A. they are a species of primates

　　B. they have much larger brains

　　C. their brain structure is more complex

　　D. they were constantly pushed to get smarter

　　6. According to the article, in recent human evolution, 　.

　　A. the brain kept growing in size to adapt to new environments

　　B. most regions of the brain didn’t change

　　C. the prefrontal cortex grew more than the rest of the brain

　　D. humans’ brains became increasingly simple so that humans could survive

　　7. What can we conclude from the article?

　　A. Gender makes a difference in intelligence.

　　B. The size of the brain has nothing to do with intelligence.

　　C. Species whose brain is organized properly tend to be smarter.

　　D. Larger brains are usually organized better than smaller ones.

　　8. The method the writer uses to develop the last paragraph is　.

　　A. by presenting research data

　　B. by giving examples

　　C. by making a comparison

　　D. by analyzing cause and effect

　　C

　　体裁 说明文 题材 年度单词 词数 273

　　Every year Chris Brogan posts his three words for a new year. Many others and I have followed his lead for the past three or four years. They helped me a lot. My words for last year were “passion”, “focus” and “delegate” and I stayed true to them. This year, 2017, my goals are more personal and less professional.

　　FOCUS

　　Focus is making a repeat appearance on my list this year because I’m too much of a multitasker. The problem is that I have trouble finishing one thing with so many things calling me. When I was working as a writer, all my projects were handled via a schedule, I’m putting a fitness and housekeeping routine into my schedule.

　　HEALTH

　　I get so busy taking care of everyone else, and I forget to take care of myself and this has to change. My health suffers and my weight suffers. I have to get my health in check, not only for me but because I promised my 9-year-old son. I’ll make good food and lifestyle choices. I miss being thin, and it’s time to get it back.

　　CELEBRATE

　　What good is having it if I’m not taking time to enjoy it? I have a wonderful job, a happy family, and so much to be thankful for. So how come I spend all my time working? Last summer my family took our first vacation in four years, the best thing I’ve done for myself and my family in a long time. This year, I’m making sure to take time to enjoy life and celebrate its many blessings.

　　Do you have any words for 2017?

　　9. The underlined word “multitasker” probably refers to a person who　.

　　A. makes a living by writing

　　B. always fails to finish a task on time

　　C. has several things to do at the same time

　　D. pays more attention to fitness and housekeeping

　　10. Why does the writer have “HEALTH” as one of his three words?

　　A. He wants to take better care of others.

　　B. He’s gaining weight and feeling bad.

　　C. He did not take any exercise in the past.

　　D. He got the idea from his son.

　　11. What can we learn from the passage?

　　A. The word “CELEBRATE” can remind the writer to enjoy life.

　　B. The writer has a vacation with his family every four years.

　　C. The word “FOCUS” can help the writer focus on his family.

　　D. The writer used to be overweight for lack of exercise.

　　12. The best title for the passage might be　.

　　A. Three Words for 2017

　　B. Health Should Go First

　　C. Keep Organized

　　D. Goals for 2017

　　【拓展训练】

　　阅读B篇文章, 翻译并分析长难句。

　　Traditionally, scientists have thought that humans’ superior intelligence derived mostly from the fact that our brains are three times bigger than those of our nearest living relatives, chimpanzees.

　　句意: 分析: 第一个that引导从句, 第二个that引导从句, 强调的内容。 答案解析

　　【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。记述了作者在途中汽车抛锚, 得到了墨西哥一家人的帮助, 他们并不求回报, 作者受到鼓舞, 也不求回报去帮助需要帮助的人。

　　1.【解析】选B。推理判断题。从第一段作者出示牌子, 需要千斤顶到下文墨西哥一家人对他的帮助看, 作者的车是抛锚了。

　　2. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。从文章的第四段那个司机的女儿通过给作者玉米粽子, 又把那20美元给了作者来看, 那个司机是不愿意接受作者给的钱的。

　　3. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。从第四段这个墨西哥司机说的话Today you, tomorrow me. 可以看出, 人人都可能会遇到麻烦的。

　　4. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。从文章最后看出作者受到墨西哥一家人的鼓舞, 也不求回报地帮助别人。

　　【文章大意】是不是大脑越大越聪明? 看看科学家们是怎么说的吧。

　　5. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第三段的“. . . have found that brain organization, and not brain size, is the key to the superiority of human intelligence, reportedLive Science”可以推知C为正确答案。

　　6. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由倒数第三段的“But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex—the region in charge of social cognition, moral judgments and goal-directed planning—grew more than the rest of the brain. ”可知C正确。

　　7. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由最后一段的“But if you look at the actual structure of the brain, it’s not very complex. Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized properly. ”可以推知, 以一种合适的方式建构的相对复杂的大脑趋向于更聪明, 故C正确。

　　8. 【解析】选B。逻辑结构题。最后一段以鲸鱼为例来说明并非大脑越大, 就越聪明, 故选B。

　　【文章大意】作者介绍了2017年自己的三个重要单词: focus, health, celebrate, 说明了选择这三个单词的原因。

　　9. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。从第二段的句子The problem is that I have trouble finishing one thing with so many things calling me. 可知这个单词是“一次有很多任务的人”。

　　10. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第三段的句子My health suffers and my weight suffers. I have to get my health in check可知作者的健康和体重出了问题。

　　11. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。从倒数第二段的句子I’m making sure to take time to enjoy life and celebrate its many blessings可知celebrate这个词提醒作者要享受生活。

　　12. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。从最后一段的句子Do you have any words for 2017? 可知这篇文章讲的是2017年的三个单词。

　　【拓展训练】

　　句意: 科学家们习惯上认为人类的高智商主要源于我们的大脑比我们的近亲——猩猩的大脑大三倍这个事实。

　　分析:宾语　同位语　fact