2017高考英语三轮冲刺阅读强化训练37

　　、阅读理解（本大题共5小题，共0分）

　　A

　　Studying carbon atoms (碳原子) locked up in tooth enamel (珐琅质), two researchers argue against the widely held belief that hominids ate little more than fruits and leaves. Sponheimer and Julia Lee-Thorp of the University of Cape Town, South Africa, report their findings in Friday's Science.

　　There aren't many,clues for us to know the life of early hominids. The shape of hominids' teeth offered the first clues. Large and flatedged with thick enamel, they looked perfect for eating nuts and fruits, different from the sharp teeth one would want to tear into meat with. The first stone tools, which would help in eating meat, didn't appear until about half a million years later.

　　Scientists have also found marks on hominids' teeth with patterns very similar to those on the teeth of modernday fruit eaters. Sponheimer and Lee-Thorp tried a new method, looking at the chemical composition of the tooth enamel. They studied the enamel for the carbon-13. Animals that eat grasses have higher carbon-13 levels than those eating fruits and other plants.

　　What they found was that the teeth of the hominids had an in-between amount of carbon-13, which meant not only they were eating fruits, they were eating a lot of grasses, or animals eating grasses. The lower carbon-13 levels could also come from eating certain types of insects (昆虫).

　　But there are people who understand differently. Porf. Ungar of the University of Arkansas agrees the study offers new suggestions of hominid diet, but disagrees about the suggestion that meat could explain the lower carbon-13 levels.

　　One suggestion might be true though---take good care of your teeth. In 3 million years, a scientist might be using them to figure out what you ate for dinner.

　　1. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

　　A. Protect Your Teeth

　　B. What the Hominid Ate

　　C. Where the Hominid lived

　　D. The Formation of Tooth Enamel

　　2. Before the two scientists' findings, most people thought that hominids__.

　　A. lived half a million years ago

　　B. ate mainly fruits and leaves

　　C. used tools to dig grass

　　D. had sharp teeth

　　3. The two scientists' findings were mainly based on the study about __.

　　A. the shape of hominids' teeth

　　B. the teeth marks of early fruit eaters

　　C. the grasses of 3 million years ago

　　D. the make-up of the tooth enamel

　　4. What is it that Prof. Ungar finds doubtful?

　　A. Hominids possibly ate grass-eating animals.

　　B. Hominids probably had different diets.

　　C. Hominids were basically fruit-and grass-eaters.

　　D. Hominids had lower level of carbon-13 in their teeth.

　　【答案解析】

　　1.答:B最佳【分析】这是一道主旨题。从文章的第1自然段和最后一自然段可以得出答案。

　　2.答:B最佳【分析】这是一道细节题。从文章的第2自然段的...two researchers argue against the widely held belief that hominids ate little more than fruits and leaves.一句可以看出，句意为“两位研究者与广泛持有原始人类几乎仅仅吃水果和树叶这种观点的人辩论”从而也可以看出大多数人持有原始人类几乎仅仅吃水果和树叶这种观点。

　　3.答:D最佳【分析】这是一道细节理解题。从文章的第3自然段可以得出结论。

　　4.答:A最佳【分析】这是一道细节题。从文章的第5和第6自然段可以看出Prof Ungar所怀疑的是珐琅质里所含的碳13水平低与原始人吃肉的联系，即他认为碳13水平低并不能得出原始人吃草食性动物的肉。

　　B

　　[2017·四川卷]

　　E

　　Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.

　　Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.

　　Increased carbon dioxide(CO2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.

　　“Predicting species’ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology，” said the researchers of several U．S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.

　　The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.

　　“Across all species, the experiments under­predicted the speed of the advance－for both leafing and flowering－that results from temperature increases，” the study said.

　　The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.

　　Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis(光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.

　　Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.

　　So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planet­warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.

　　57. What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?

　　A．Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.

　　B．The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation.

　　C．Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.

　　D．Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.

　　58. We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that ________.

　　A．plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing

　　B．there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents

　　C．scientists should improve the design of the experiments

　　D．the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change

　　59. Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because________.

　　A．they can prove the climate change clearly

　　B．they are very important in the food chains

　　C．they play a leading role in reducing global warming

　　D．they are growing and flowering much faster than before

　　60. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?

　　A．It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.

　　B．Its change will lead to weather extremes.

　　C．It is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.

　　D．It needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.

　　【答案解析】【要点综述】本文为科普类文章。文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。

　　57. B　细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted”可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选B。A为次要信息。

　　58. C　推理判断题。第五段话“It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.”暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选C。

　　59. B　细节理解题。根据第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。

　　60. D　推理判断题。从倒数第二段“…has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2，便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2的范围之内。故答案选D。

　　C

　　L1PITOR

　　ABOUT LIPITOR

　　Lipitor is a prescriptin medicine．Along with diet and exercise，it los “bad，’

　　cholester(胆固醇)in your blood．It ca also raise “good'’ cholesterol. [

　　Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors，

　　including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smokin

　　WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?

　　Who can take LIPITOR：

　　．People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise

　　·Adults and children over l0

　　Who should NOT take LIPITOR：

　　．Women who are pregnant，may be pregnant，or may become pregnantLipitor may harm

　　your unborn baby. [

　　．women who are breafeeding．Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm

　　your baby

　　·

　　People with liver(肝脏)problems

　　POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR

　　Serious side effects in a small number of people：

　　．Muscle(肌肉)probles that can lead to kidney(肾脏)problems，including kidney failure

　　．Liver roblems．Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start

　　Lipitor and while you are taking it．

　　Call your doctor right away if you have：

　　．Unexplaed muscle pain or weakness，especially if you have a fever or feel very fired

　　．Swelling of the face，lips，tongue，and／or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or

　　swallowing

　　·Stomach pain

　　Some common side effects of LIPITOR are：

　　·Muscle pain

　　·

　　Upset stomach

　　·

　　Changes in some blood tests

　　HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR

　　DO：

　　．Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor

　　．Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor

　　．Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food

　　．If you miss a dose(一剂)，take it as soon as you rememberBut if it has been more than

　　12 hours since your missed dose，wait．Take the next dose at your regular time

　　Don’t：

　　．Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor

　　．Do not stat new medicines before talking to your doctor. [

　　56. What is a major function of Lipitor?

　　A. To help quit smoking.

　　B. To control blood pressure.

　　C. To improve unhealthy diet.

　　D. To lower "bad" cholesterol.

　　57. Taking Lipitor is helpful for

　　.

　　A. breast-feeding women

　　B. women who are pregnant

　　C. adults having heart disease

　　D. teenagers with liver problems．

　　58. If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should

　　A. change the amount of your next dose

　　B. eat more when taking your next dose

　　C. have a dose as soon as you remember

　　D. take the next dose at your regular time

　　59. Which of the following is a common side effect of taking Lipitor?

　　A. Face swelling.

　　B. Upset stomach.

　　C. Kidney failure.

　　D. Muscle weakness.

　　60. What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A. To teach patients ways for quick recovery.

　　B. To present a report on a scientific research.

　　C. To show the importance of a good lifestyle.

　　D. To give information about a kind of medicine.

　　【答案解析】“Along with diet and exercise，it los “bad，’cholester(胆固醇)in your blood．It ca also raise “good'’ cholesterol. [”可以推断出答案。

　　57. 答案：C

　　考点：：细节理解

　　解析：根据 “Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors，

　　including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smokin”和 “Adults and children over l0”可以判断选C

　　58. 答案：D

　　考点：：细节理解

　　解析：根据 “If you miss a dose(一剂)，take it as soon as you rememberBut if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose，wait．Take the next dose at your regular time”可以得出答案

　　59. 答案：B

　　考点：：细节理解

　　解析：根据 “Some common side effects of LIPITOR are：Muscle painUpset stomach, Changes in some blood tests” 可以得出答案

　　60. 答案：D

　　考点：：推理判断题

　　解析：文章先总体介绍药品Lipitor的作用，接着介绍药品的适用人群及不适用人群，然后介绍药品的副作用，最后介绍服药的注意事项，由此可以判断选D项。

　　D

　　By analyzing academic data from 10 states, representing the testing of more than 7.2 millions of youths, U.S. researchers found that gender differences in math scores were extremely small among all ethnic groups in grades 2-11.

　　These findings are in contrast to earlier results from 1990 that indicate measurable differences favoring males in complex problem-solving, beginning in the high school years.

　　Janet Hyde from University of Wisconsin and colleagues reported their study results in the journal Science on Friday.

　　Currently, women are largely absent from the highest levels of careers in mathematics, the physical sciences, and engineering. In the United States, Ph.D. programs in engineering currently average only about 15 percent women, and similar statistics have led to stereotypes (成见)about girls and women lacking in mathematical ability.

　　Now, it is clear that the general population no longer shows a gender difference in mathematical skills, according to this latest report.

　　And this new data on academic performance in the United States shows that students are tested frequently on "recall" and "skill/concept" items, but rarely on "strategic thinking"(战略思维) or "extended thinking" concepts.

　　If standardized tests do not assess (评估)the sorts of reasoning that are crucial to careers in science and math, then the skills may not be taught, putting American students at a disadvantage to students in other countries where testing and instruction focuses on more challenging content. "This is a gap that should be fixed," Hyde said.

　　61. What is the best title of the passage?

　　A. A new study result about math.

　　B. No gender differences in math.

　　C. Girls are not good at math.

　　D. Girls do better in math than boys.

　　62. Earlier research results ______.

　　A. are the same as that of this latest report

　　B. indicate that boys are much better in complex problem-solving than girls

　　C. indicate that girls are much better in complex problem-solving than boys

　　D. are completely wrong

　　63. The underlined word “crucial” in the last paragraph most probably means______.

　　A. necessary

　　B. unimportant

　　C. important

　　D. cruel

　　64. What Hyde said in the last paragraph means that ________.

　　A. standardized tests should assess the sorts of reasoning so that the skills may be taught

　　B. testing and instruction focuses on more challenging content in the USA

　　C. students in other countries are cleverer than American students

　　D. students should be tested frequently on "recall" and "skill/concept" items

　　65. The passage is most probably taken from _______.

　　A. a science magazine B. a research paper

　　C. a personal diary D. a newspaper

　　【答案解析】61-65 BBCAD

　　E

　　E

　　It's only 4 hours flying time from Sydney, but a world away. What better place to rest than a country where the only place people hurry is on the football field and things are done in "Fiji time"?

　　Viti Lev-Great Fiji-is the largest island. Here you'll find the capital Suva and the international airport at Nadi Vatoa, on the other hand, is a tiny island in the farthest part of Hiji. Then there are 331 other islands, many of them with places to stay.

　　With less than a million people living on islands, you'll never feel crowded

　　And with a climate（气候）that changes only for five degrees between seasons, there’s never a bad time to come.

　　From cities to villages, from mountains to beaches, from water sports to wooden artworks, Fiji can give you more adventures and special experiences than you could find almost any where in the world.

　　Whenever you come , wherever you go ,you’re sure to see some unforgettable events , From war dances to religious （宗教的） songs. From market days to religious days. It's not just staged

　　for tourists; it's still a part of everyday life in Fiji And any one of us can enjoy Fiji's spirit by being part of the traditional （传统的） sharing of yaqona—a drink made from the root of a Fiji plant

　　So why not join us for the experience of a lifetime?

　　57. Where is the international airport of Fiji?

　　A. In Suva

　　B. In Sydney

　　C. On the island of Vatoa

　　D. On the island of Viti Levu

　　58. What does the text tell us about Fijian people?

　　A. They invented “Fiji time” for visitors

　　B. They stick to a traditional way of lift

　　C. They like to travel from place to place

　　D. They love taking adventures abroad

　　59. One of the things that make Fiji a tourist attraction is

　　A. its comfortable hotels

　　B. its good weather all year round

　　C. its exciting football matches

　　D. its religious beliefs

　　60. Where can we most probably read this text?

　　A. In a personal diary

　　B. In a science report

　　C. In a travel magazine

　　D. In a geography textbook

　　【答案解析】【答案】57. D; 58. B; 59. B; 60. C。

　　【解析】E篇是一篇旅游景点文笔风格的文章，描写了斐济这个国家的旅游资源比如：维提岛(Viti Levu)，斐济第一大岛。最佳气候---仅仅5度的温度变化、各种运动、各种保留完美的土著传统等等的描写，更加突出了该篇的旅游经典。

　　该篇文章文字也比较容易，试题设计迷惑度不大。