2017届高考英语二轮阅读理解训练：（9）

　　2017届高考英语二轮专题训练：阅读理解（9）

　　A

　　ASocieties all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.Many roads and places in Singapore（新加坡） are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries ---- in both the West and the East.Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus ---- obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, “Base Basah” means “wet rice” in Malay（马来语）. Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road”? The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Road” for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like “Paya Lebar Crescent”. This road is called a crescent（月牙） because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.36. We learn from Paragraph 1 that _____.A. the government is usually the first to name a placeB. many places tend to have more than one nameC. a ceremony will be held when a place is namedD. people prefer the place names given by the government37. What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Change suddenly.B. Change significantly.C. Disappear mysteriously.D. Disappear very slowly.38. Which of the following places is named after a person?A. Raffles Place.B. Selector Airbase.C. Piccadilly Circus.D. Paya Lebar Crescent.39. Bras Basah Road is named _______.A. after a personB. after a placeC. after an activityD. by its shape40. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain.B. Some places in Singapore are named for military purposes.

　　C. The way Singaporeans name their places is unique.

　　D. Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers.

　　B

　　Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.

　　Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊猫）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多样化饮食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.

　　Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.

　　59. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.

　　A. depend on one sense in choosing food

　　B. are not satisfied with their food

　　C. choose food in similar ways

　　D. eat entirely different food

　　60. Which of the following eats only one type of food?

　　A. The white butterfly.

　　B. The small bird.

　　C. The bear.

　　D. The fox.

　　61. Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.

　　A. the season changes

　　B. the food color changes

　　C. they move to different places

　　D. they are attracted by different smells

　　62. We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.

　　A. food is chosen for a good reason

　　B. French and British food is good

　　C. some people have few choices of food

　　D. some people care little about healthy diet

　　C

　　请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　A

　　When women sit together to watch a movie on TV, they usually talk simultaneously（同时的）about a variety of subjects, including children, men, careers and what' s happening in their lives. When groups of men and women watch a movie together, the men usually end up telling the women to shut up. Men can either talk or watch the screen -- they can' t do both -- and they don' t understand that women can. Besides, women consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships -- not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen.

　　During the ad breaks, a man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going. He is unable, unlike women, to read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally. Since women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group,

　　they developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships. For a woman, speech continues to have such a clear purpose: to build relationships and make friends. For men, to talk is to relate the facts.

　　Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people, but a woman sees it as a means of bonding. A woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and, when she returns home, telephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours.

　　There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning, the fact that girls' mothers talked them more, is the reason why girls talk more than boys. Psychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis, author Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition, conducted experiments that found mothers talked

　　to and looked at, baby girls more often than baby boys. Scientific evidence shows parents res the brain bias of their children. Since a girl' s brain is better organized to send and receive speech ,

　　we therefore talk to them more. Consequently, mothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply.

　　56.While watching TV with others, women Usually talk a lot because they

　　A. are afraid of awkward silence with their families and friends

　　B. can both talk and watch the screen at the Same time

　　C. think they can have a good time and develop relationships

　　D. have to explain the plot and body language to their husbands

　　57. After a vacation with her girlfriend, a woman would talk to her again on the phone for hours in order to

　　.

　　A. experience the happy time again

　　B. keep a close tie with her

　　C. recommend her a new scenic spot

　　D. remind her of something forgotten

　　58. What does the author want to tell us most?

　　A. Women' s brains are better organized for language and communication

　　B. Women love to talk because they are more sociable than men.

　　C. Men do not like talking because they rely more on facts.

　　D. Social conditioning is not the reason why women love talking.

　　59. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Women Are Socially Trained to Talk

　　B. Talking Maintains Relationships

　　C, Women Love to Talk

　　D. Men Talk Differently from Women

　　D

　　E

　　A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”. This idea is dangerous.

　　Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.

　　Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections （反对）, whatever is scientifically possible will be done ——somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it a fuels sense of

　　hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world.

　　In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact （影响） on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.

　　Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.

　　72. What can we conclude from the recent study?

　　A. People think highly of science.

　　B. People hold mixed opinions about science.

　　C. Science is getting dangerously out of control.

　　D. Science is used for both good and bad purposes.

　　73. According to the passage, what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?

　　A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down.

　　B. Businesses will have even greater influence on science.

　　C. The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.

　　D. People will work more actively to put science under control.

　　74. The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because __________.

　　A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomes

　　B. the ties between different areas need strengthening

　　C. united efforts are necessary for the development of science

　　D. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science

　　75. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.

　　B. The development of science mostly lies in people’s attitudes.

　　C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.

　　D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.

　　A

　　36【答案】B

　　【解析】推理理解题。 由 “Frequently it happens that a place has two names”可知。

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】词义猜测题。 根据下文“the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost”可知。

　　【答案】.A

　　【解析】细节理解。答案见第二自然段。

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】细节理解题。 见第四自然段前两行。

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】推理判断题。 由本文第一句话“Societies all over the world name places in similar ways.”可推知。

　　CAAD

　　C

　　59【答案】C

　　【解析】主旨大意题本文从男女看电视的反应开始谈男女注意力、性格等差异，看楚女人喜欢讲话。Women Love to Talk

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】推理判断题Since women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group,

　　they developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships. For a woman, speech continues to have such a clear purpose: to build relationships and make friends.

　　57【答案】B

　　【解析】细节理解题but a woman sees it as a means of bonding. A woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and, when she returns home, telephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】细节理解题Besides, women consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships -- not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen.可以看出women think they can have a good time and develop relationships

　　D

　　72【答案】B。

　　【解析】细节判断题。由第一段话可知最佳答案为B。

　　【答案】C。

　　【解析】由第二段最后三行可以知道答案。

　　【答案】D。

　　【解析】最后一句告诉我们最佳答案为D。

　　【答案】B。

　　【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文我们知道科学的发展前景会受到一些危险的观点的影响。