2017届高考英语一轮复习配套课件：M5 Unit 3《Science and nature》（译林版）

　　①大多数人赞成这个建议。 The majority ___________________________ in favour of the proposal. ①were/was

　　②大多数孩子被迫学习英语。 _____________________________ made to learn English. (＝Most children are made to learn English.) ②A majority of children are ③这些学生中的大多数都想出国留学。 __________________________________to study abroad. (＝Most of the students want to study abroad.)

　　③The majority of the students want ④________ passengers survived the traffic accident except a woman and two children.

　　A. The most

　　B. Majority of the

　　C. Most of

　　D. The majority of the ④D　句意：这次交通事故大部分乘客幸免于难，除了一名妇女和两名儿童外。most置于名词前不用the等限定词；most of所接的名词前须有限定词；选项B的正确表述应为A majority of (the)。 1、in general / generally speaking

　　一般来说，从整体上讲 ◆It's true that he sometimes doesn't obey the rules, but in general, he is a promising boy.

　　他确实有时不守规矩，但从整体上来说，他是个很有前程的孩子。 ◆In general, the more expensive something is, the better the quality is.

　　一般来说，某件东西越贵，它的质量就越好。

　　英语中in ＋ (抽象)名词，常相当于该名词的副词意义的短语还有：in silence 安静地； in comfort 舒服地； in particular 尤其； in public 公开地； in earnest 认真地。 ①她默不作声地承受了这个坏消息。 She received the bad news __________________. ①in silence / silently

　　②他并不特别聪明。 He isn't ____________________ clever. ②in particular / particularly ③我相信他说想娶她是真心实意的。 I'm sure he was

　　________________ when he said he wanted to marry her. ③in earnest

　　2、praise sb. for… 因……而赞扬某人 ◆Newman was praised for his excellent performance in the game.

　　由于在比赛中表现出色，Newman 受到了表扬。 【注意】in praise of… 赞扬，表扬…… ◆They organized a class meeting in praise of his heroic deeds.

　　他们组织了一次班会以表扬他的英勇事迹。 (1) 英语中for可以与许多词连用，表示原因，“因……而……”，如：thank…for…， excuse…for…， forgive…for…， apologize to sb. for…， criticize…for…， scold…for… (2) 英语中in ＋ n. ＋of结构的短语还有in honor of, in favor of, in need of, in want of, in celebration of等。 When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ______ younger men.

　　A. in terms of

　　B. in need of

　　C. in favor of

　　D. in praise of C　句意：“当被问及他们对校长的意见时，许多老师都希望看到他让位给年轻人。”in terms of 谈及； in need of 需要； in favor of 支持； in praise of 歌颂。根据句意可知应该选择C。 3、be in agreement with… 与……符合，和……一致，同意 ◆On this point, I am in complete/entire agreement with you.

　　在这一点上我完全同意你的意见。 ◆Finally my parents nodded in agreement.

　　最后我父母点头同意了。 ◆The main verb has to be in agreement with the subject in person and number.

　　谓语动词要在人称和数方面和主语保持一致。 (1) 与agreement连用的词还有reach/come to/arrive at an agreement on… 就……达成协议； keep/break the agreement 遵守约定/毁约。 (2) 动词agree的用法如下： agree that… 认为，同意…… agree to do… 同意做…… agree with sb.'s words / sth. 同意某人的话/与某人的话相符，一致 agree to a plan / a proposal / the arrangement, etc. 同意计划/建议/安排 agree on the time / date / place / price, etc. 在……方面达成一致 ◆We agree that the article is worth reading. 我们认为这篇文章值得一读。 ◆The boss agreed to raise the workers' pay by 5%. 老板同意给工人涨5%的工资。 ◆Generally I agree with you, but not everything. 大体上我同意你说的，但并不是每一点都同意。 ◆The boss agreed to the terms under the pressure of the workers. 在工人的压力下，老板同意了这些条款。 ◆This is the point on which I don't agree. 我不同意这一点。 (3) disagree / disagreement为agree / agreement的反义词，意为“不同意”。

　　I don't think they will agree ______ you ______ this point.

　　A. with; to

　　B. to; on

　　C. with; on

　　D. on; with C　根据句子的意思可知，第一空“同意某人(的观点)等”；第二空“在某一点上达成一致”。 4、push ahead/forward with

　　毅然推行(计划，改革等) ◆The government is pushing ahead with the new reform policy.

　　政府正毅然推行政策改革。

　　ahead of

　　　①在……前面；先于

　　ahead of time 提前 　He finished his work ahead of the others. 　他比别人先完成了工作。

　　②领先；超过 　She was well ahead of the rest of the class. 　她在班上名列前茅。 　go ahead 向前走；先走；(口语)请吧 　— May I use the telephone? 　——我可以用一下电话吗？ 　— Sure, go ahead. 　——当然可以，请用吧。 1、on the one hand, …on the other hand… 一方面……，另一方面……。常用来陈述相反的两种意见或情况。 ◆On the one hand, some people believe in the existence of the monster. On the other hand, there is still no proof.一方面，一些人相信有怪物存在，另一方面，又没有证据。 英语中用来表示意见不同或相对时，常用：however, on the contrary(恰好相反), while, whereas等。 ①D　这里是两种相对立的情况。A项用于for one thing, …for another (thing)… “其一，……，其二……”，表示递进关系；B项的意思是“换句话说”；而C项不与but连用。 ①I would like a job which pays more, but ______ I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment.

　　A. for another thing

　　B. in other words

　　C. however

　　D. on the other hand ②On the one hand, I would like to go to the cinema with him, but on the other hand, I have to stay at home to look after my sister. ②一方面我想和他一起去看电影，而另一方面我又不得不待在家里照看妹妹。 ________________________________________________________________________ 2、Not everything that is best for nature is good for people.

　　并非所有对自然有益的东西都对人类有益。 ①not every… / every…not…也是部分否定句型，表示“并非每个都……”。 ◆Not every film directed by Zhang Yimou is interesting. Every film directed by Zhang Yimou is not interesting.

　　并非张艺谋导演的每一部电影都有趣。 此外，not all… / all…not… 并非所有的都……，构成部分否定句式。 ◆Not all the students will go to the movies tonight./All the students will not go to the movies tonight.

　　并非所有的学生今晚都去看电影。 同时，not both… / both…not…也是部分否定句型，表示“并非两者都……”。 ◆Not both of your answers are right. / Both of your answers are not right.

　　并非你的两个答案都正确。 如果要表示全部否定，则常用以下句型：none of…， no one / nobody / nothing…，或neither… ①Not all the girls like beautiful clothes. ②We haven't enough books for everybody; some of them will have to share. ①并非每个女孩都爱漂亮的衣服。 _____________________________________________ ②我们没有足够的书给每一个人，有些人将共用。 _____________________________________________ M5·Unit 3

　　Science and nature

　　1、 adopt

　　vt. 收养；采用 ◆She adopted a child whose parents were dead.

　　她收养了一个父母双亡的孩子。

　　◆The government decided to adopt the plan.

　　政府决定采纳这个计划。

　　◆We adopted several measures to deal with the disease.

　　我们采取了一些措施来对付这种疾病。

　　adoption n. 采纳，采用，收养 　adopted adj. 领养的，采纳的 　adapt 改编；使适应 用adopt或adapt的适当形式完成句子 ①Our school ____________ a new teaching method lately.

　　②They are not my real parents; I am ________. ③He tried hard to ________ himself to the new conditions. ④Since the ________ of the new working method, production has gone up. ①has adopted/adopted　②adopted　③adapt ④adoption 2、exact adj. 确切的，精确的； 精确无误的，精密的 ◆It was difficult to tell her exact age.

　　很难看出她的准确年龄。 ◆She is in her mid­thirties — thirty­six to be exact.

　　她三十五六，准确地说是36岁。 ◆The scholar is an exact thinker.

　　这位学者思维缜密。 exactly adv. 准确地 ◆You haven't changed at all — you still look exactly the same.

　　你一点也没变，还是和从前一模一样。 exactly speaking＝to speak it exactly 准确地说 ◆Exactly speaking, I really don't like cloning.

　　准确地说，我不喜欢克隆。 类似的还有：strictly speaking, frankly speaking, honestly speaking, broadly speaking等。 3、favour n. 帮助，恩惠；赞同，支持；偏袒，偏爱 ◆Could you do me a favour and pick up Tom from school tomorrow? 明天你能帮我个忙去学校接汤姆吗？ ◆The suggestion of closing the factory has found favour with many local people. 关闭这个工厂的建议已经得到许多当地人的支持。 ◆As a mother, she showed no favour to any child. 作为母亲，她没有偏袒任何一个孩子。 3、 favour v. 较喜欢，选择；优惠，特别照顾，偏袒；有助于，有利于 ◆Fortune favours the brave. 幸运眷顾勇者。

　　◆The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants. 温暖的气候对多种热带植物有利。

　　I am all in favor of equal pay for equal work. 我完全赞成同工同酬。 用favour的适当形式翻译下列各句 ①你偏爱哪个颜色？

　　______________________________________________ __________________________ ①Which colour do you favour? / What is your favourite colour?

　　②学生赞成改革。 _______________________________________________ _________________________ ②The students were in favour of reform.

　　③他将这视为极大的恩惠。 _____________________________________________ ______________________ ③He regards this as a very favour. ④谁是你特别喜欢的作家？ ______________________________________________ _________________________ ④Who is your favourite writer? 4、anxiety

　　n. ①焦虑，挂念 [U] [C][(＋about/for)]

　　◆The mother was filled with anxiety about her daughter's health.

　　母亲为女儿的健康忧心忡忡。 ②焦虑的原因；令人焦虑之事 [C][(＋to)] ◆That is a great anxiety to me.

　　那是一件使我深感焦虑的事情。 ③渴望 [C][(＋for)][＋to­v.] ◆Their anxiety to go was obvious.

　　他们想去的急切心情是显而易见的。 anxious adj. 焦虑的，挂念的(＋about/at/for) 对……感到焦虑 ◆ I'm anxious about her safety. 我对她的安全担心。

　　◆ The week of the flood was an anxious time for all of us.

　　闹水灾的那一星期是使我们大家都焦虑不安的日子。

　　5、 intention

　　目的；企图；意图 ◆I have no intention of disclosing (打探) your privacy.

　　我不想打探你的隐私。 ◆He has decided to go abroad to study with the intention of improving his English and finding a better job when he returns.

　　他抱着提高英语，回来后找一份更好的工作的念头而决定出国留学。 ◆We helped him with good intentions.

　　我们出于好意帮助他。 ◆The chair was intended for you, but he took it away. 那椅子原来是给你准备的，可是给他拿走了。 ◆It was intended to be cooked slowly. 这种食物本来是要用慢火煮的。 ◆I intend to report you to the police. 我打算向警方告发你。 ①我们的本意是帮助那些不能够支付教育费用的贫困儿童。 It is ____________________________ who can't afford their education. ①our intention / purpose / aim to help the poor children

　　②那句话本来只是个玩笑。 That remark ______________________________________________.

　　②was intended as a joke 6、consequence

　　n. ①[C]结果，后果后接(for) sb./sth.

　　◆Nobody can tell what the consequences may be.

　　没有人能说出可能的后果。 ②[C]重要(性), 重大 ◆This matter is of great consequence to all of us.

　　对于我们来说这件事非常重要。

　　consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之发生的，因……而引起的 　consequently adv. 所以，因此，相当于as a result, therefore 　as a consequence 所以，因此 　as a / in consequence of 因为 ①你做了个错误决定，现在必须承担后果。 You made the wrong decision, and now you must

　　________________． ① take the consequences

　　②由于你的懒惰和粗野，我不得不辞退你。 ____________________ your laziness and rudeness, I am

　　forced to dismiss you. ②As a / In consequence of

　　③银行拒绝资助这家公司，因此该公司破产了。 The bank refused to help the company; ____________， it

　　went bankrupt. ③consequently

　　④这对我无关紧要。 It's ____________________ to me. ④of little / no consequence 7、majority

　　n. 大多数，大部分，多数票 ◆The majority were / was against the plan.

　　多数人不赞成这个计划。 ◆The resolution was passed by a large majority.

　　这个决议以多数票通过。

　　◆ The majority of criminals are young people.

　　大部分的罪犯是年轻人。 ◆ The party I support has won by a majority of 264 votes.

　　我支持的政党以264票多数票获胜。