2017届高考英语一轮复习基础巩固学案：Challenging Yourself Ⅱ《Enjoying Sports》（重大版必修1）

　　Ⅰ.重点单词识记

　　1．approximately /əprɒksImətlI/ adv.大概；大约；近乎

　　2．majority /mədʒɒrətI/ n．大多数

　　3．command /kəmɑːnd/ vt.俯视

　　4．position /pəzIʃn/ vt.安放；放置；位于

　　5．feature /fiːtʃə/ n．/vt.以……为特色；特征，特色

　　6．involve /Invɒlv/ vt.包括；涉及

　　7．equip /IkwIp/ vt.装备；配备→equipment n．器材；配备

　　8．legal /liːɡl/ adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的

　　9．official /əfIʃl/ adj.官方的；正式的→officially adv.官方地；正式地

　　10．investment /Investmənt/ vt./vi.投资invest vt./vi.投资；花费

　　11．locate /ləkeIt/ vt.设置；找位置；位于(常用被动)→location n．位置

　　12．entertain/entəteIn/ vt.使娱乐→entertainment n．娱乐

　　13．delightful /dIlaItfl/ adj.令人高兴的；使人快乐的→delight n．快乐；高兴

　　14．combination /ˌkmbI′neIʃn/ n．结合；合并→combine vt.结合；合并

　　15．significant /sInIfIkənt/ adj.大量的；重要的→significance n．重要性

　　16．distance /dIstəns/ n．距离；间距→distant adj.遥远的

　　.重点短语识记

　　1．be_equipped_with...装备有……；配有……(装置)

　　2．for_sale待售

　　3．make_up组成；弥补

　　4．lots_of...许多……

　　5．a_great_amount_of...大量的……

　　6．be_ready_to...乐意……；愿意……

　　7．exchange_A_for_B把A换成B

　　.经典原句默写与背诵

　　1．How_about the remaining one third?

　　那剩下的三分之一的人住哪儿呢？

　　2．While more and more people are working in and around big cities，most prefer not to live in cities.

　　虽然越来越多的人在大城市或大城市周围工作，但大多数的人不喜欢住在城里。

　　3．The_more money one has，the_farther one lives away from the town centre.

　　钱越多的人，住得离城中心就越远。

　　4．Many of them，rich_or_poor，prefer to live together in areas known as Chinatowns.

　　无论富有还是贫穷，他们很多人都愿意住在一起，住在我们熟知的中国城。

　　1．Jenny repaid her parents the $10,000 they lent her.(repay)

　　2．Because it was warm，David wore only a white cotton shirt.(warmth)

　　3．All men should coexist peacefully；and all men should be given equal rights.(peaceful)

　　4．Large amounts of money were wasted.(amount)

　　5．The two parties combined against the government.(combination)

　　6．To my great delight，it worked perfectly.(delightful)

　　1

　　by/with a majority of以大多数……赢得……

　　in a/the majority占多数

　　in a/the minority占少数

　　the/a minority of少数……

　　These children are only a small minority.

　　这些孩子只是很少的一部分。

　　In the past those who held this kind of opinion were in the majority.

　　过去有这种想法的人占多数。

　　特别提醒

　　(1)the/a majority/minority of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与of后的名词或代词保持一致。

　　(2)the/a majority/minority单独作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。

　　夯实基础

　　用所给动词的适当形式填空

　　(1)The minority was/were(be) in favor of the proposal.

　　(2)But so far the majority of the new deals have_been(be) government­to­government.

　　(3)The majority of the land has_been_destroyed (destroy) so far.

　　2

　　equip...with...用……装备……

　　equip sb.for (doing) sth.使某人为(做)某事而准备

　　equip sb.to do sth.使某人能够做某事

　　sb. be equipped to do sth.使某人有准备做某事

　　a piece of equipment一件设备

　　Owners of restaurants would have to equip them to admit disabled people.

　　餐厅老板将必须在餐厅里配备能够接纳残疾人的设施。

　　A basic two­hour first aid course would equip you to deal with any of these incidents.

　　两小时的基础急救课程能够让你有能力处理这类事件。

　　夯实基础

　　用适当的介词填空

　　(1)They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.

　　(2)Your education will equip you for your future life.

　　3

　　in the process of在……过程中

　　in the process在进行中

　　speed up the process加速进程

　　The house is still in the process of being built.

　　房子还在建设中。

　　Will you describe the process of building a boat?

　　你能描绘一下造船的步骤吗？

　　特别提醒

　　表示做某事的方法或程序，其后可接of/for doing sth.，但一般不接不定式。

　　夯实基础

　　The food we eat through_the_whole_process_of(经过这个完整的过程) digestion，absorption and elimination.

　　4

　　be/get involved in卷入；专注于

　　involve...in...使卷入；使专注于……

　　be/get involved with sb.迷上了某人

　　involve doing...包含做……

　　Running a kitchen involves a great deal of discipline and speed.

　　料理好厨房需要把一切都安排得井井有条，且要讲求速度。

　　If there was a cover­up，it involved people at the very highest levels of government.

　　如果有人想要隐瞒实情，那其中就涉及政府部门最高层的人物。

　　特别提醒

　　involved作前置定语和后置定语时的意义是不同的：

　　the problem involved所涉及的问题

　　the involved problem复杂的问题

　　夯实基础

　　用所给动词的适当形式填空

　　(1)There are a small number of people involved(involve)，possibly as few as twenty.

　　(2)The test will involve answering(answer) questions about a photograph.

　　5

　　command sb.to do...命令某人做……

　　command that...(should) do...命令……

　　at one’s command听某人支配

　　have a good command of 掌握……，精通……

　　take command of指挥，控制

　　They help the computer react to commands from the brain.

　　他们帮助电脑对来自大脑的指令作出反应。

　　The police arrived and took command of the situation.

　　警察到达后就控制了局势。

　　夯实基础

　　同义句改写

　　Captain Picard commanded the crew to gather on the main deck.(改为含有that从句的复合句)

　　Captain_Picard_commanded_that_the_crew_should_gather_on_the_main_deck.

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．Putting in a new window will ________ cutting away part of the roof.

　　A．contain

　　B．comprise

　　C．include

　　D．involve

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：装一扇新窗户就得截去一部分屋顶。involve可跟动名词作宾语。

　　2．The houses in this village are ________ built of stone and brick.

　　A．most

　　B．majority

　　C．mostly

　　D．almost

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：这个村庄的房子主要是由石头和砖块建成。mostly相当于mainly，意为“主要地”。

　　3．Your education will ________ you to earn a good living.Work hard from now on.

　　A．associate

　　B．equip

　　C．relate

　　D．feed

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：你所受的教育会使你过上富裕的生活。从今以后努力学习吧。associate使联合(系)；relate适应，使相互关联；feed喂养。equip使有能力，符合语境。

　　4．________ to have a picnic here!

　　A．What great delight

　　B．How great delight

　　C．What a great delight

　　D．How a great delight

　　答案　C

　　解析　在表示“令人愉快的事”的意思时，delight是可数名词。

　　5．The woman doctor commanded that no one ________to give up the patient though he was hopeless.

　　A．was allowed

　　B．be allowed

　　C．could be allowed

　　D．is allowed

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：这位女大夫下达命令，即使这个病人没有什么希望，也绝不允许任何人放弃他。command表示“命令”后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should＋do，should可以省略。

　　6．The explorers were told to ________ themselves with everything they would need for their voyage.

　　A．communicate

　　B．feed

　　C．equip

　　D．associate

　　答案　C

　　解析　equip...with...用……装备……。

　　7．With a good ________ of both Chinese and English，she had an advantage over the other interviewees.

　　A．program

　　B．guidance

　　C．command

　　D．ability

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：由于对汉语和英语都掌握得很好，她比其他面试者占优势。a good command of掌握……，精通……。

　　Ⅱ.汉译英

　　我有一本有关英语学习方面的书，想交换一下。(exchange)(2017·重庆·书面表达)

　　I_have_a_book_about_English_learning_that_I_want_to_exchange.

　　1．You should exchange the shirt for one in a larger size.

　　2．She eats lots_of healthy food.

　　3．How many countries make_up the Common Market?

　　4．I wanted to mention these goods are for_sale.

　　5．Some may still be_ready_to make deals with Mr.Saleh.

　　1

　　a small/large amount of＋不可数名词＋单数动词　少/大量的

　　amounts of＋不可数名词＋复数动词　大量的

　　amount to合计；共有

　　Consumer spending on sports­related items amounted to ￡9.75 billion.

　　消费者在体育相关产品上的花费共计97.5亿英镑。

　　I’m able to lay my hands on any amount of cash at a minute’s notice.

　　多少钱我都可以马上弄到。

　　夯实基础

　　用所给动词的适当形式填空

　　(1)At that time，small amounts of land were(be) used for keeping animals.

　　(2)A large amount of money is(be) spent on advertisements every year.

　　2

　　exchange sth.with sb.与某人交换某物

　　in exchange for变换；交换

　　in exchange作为交换

　　He exchanged a quick smile with her then entered the lift.

　　他和她匆匆相视一笑，然后走进了电梯。

　　Knowledge exchange is never a one­way street.

　　交流知识绝不是一条单行道。

　　图解助记

　　夯实基础

　　用适当的介词填空

　　(1)Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds?

　　(2)I exchanged seats with Bill.

　　(3)He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake.

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．This project call for ________ people and ________ time to complete.

　　A．a large number of；a large amount of

　　B．a large amount of；a large number of

　　C．a large amount of；a large amount of

　　D．a large number of；a large number of

　　答案　A

　　解析　a large number of后跟可数名词；a large amount of后接不可数名词。

　　2．To have a full discussion of the issue，the committee spent a whole hour ________ their ideas at the meeting.

　　A．exporting

　　B．exchanging

　　C．governing

　　D．interrupting

　　答案　B

　　解析　exchange their ideas交换他们的看法(观点)。

　　3．The people of Africa began to use gold in________for the goods they needed.

　　A．exchange

　　B．place

　　C．return

　　D．search

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：非洲人开始用黄金交换他们所需要的物品。in exchange for以交换……，符合句意。in return for作为对……的回报；in place后常跟介词of，意为“代替”；in search后也常跟of，意为“寻找；寻求”。

　　4．The maths examination was rather difficult；to our joy，________ students passed it.

　　A．a great deal of

　　B．a great many

　　C．the large number of

　　D．a plenty of

　　答案　B

　　解析　分号后句意为：令我们高兴的是，许多学生通过了这次考试。A项修饰不可数名词；C项表数目；D项应去掉a。

　　Ⅱ.汉译英

　　我将向他学习并成为一个乐于帮助别人的人。(be ready to do)(2017·湖南·书面表达)

　　I_will_learn_from_him_and_be_a_person_who_is_always_ready_to_help_others.

　　In Britain，the average family moves once every seven years.在英国，普通家庭平均每七年搬一次家。

　　every four years＝every fourth year每四年；每隔三年；每第四年

　　every other(second)＋单数名词　每隔一……

　　every few＋复数名词　每隔几……

　　Write on every other line.请隔行写。

　　He comes to see his uncle every third week.

　　他每三个星期来看望他叔叔一次。

　　夯实基础

　　同义句改写

　　(1)Take the medicine every six hours.(用序数词改写句子)

　　Take_the_medicine_every_sixth_hour.

　　(2)Dad only allows me to go to the net bar every other week.(用基数词改写句子)

　　Dad_only_allows_me_to_go_to_the_net_bar_every_two_weeks.

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．I go home every ________ days and I’ll finish this task within ________ days.

　　A．a few；a few

　　B．few；few

　　C．few；a few

　　D．a few；few

　　答案　C

　　解析　every few＋复数名词，表示“每隔几……”；within a few days在几天内。

　　2．The rescue leader together with his members from China ________ to Japan to help the people in the earthquake­stricken areas.

　　A．has gone

　　B．went

　　C．have gone

　　D．had gone

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：来自中国救援队的队长及成员们已经去了日本帮助地震灾区的灾民。together with连接并列主语，谓语动词要根据其前面的主语而定，此处是the rescue leader作主语。

　　Ⅱ.汉译英

　　踢足球和读故事是我最喜欢的活动，给我带来了很多好处。(动名词短语作主语)(2011·四川·书面表达)

　　Playing_football_and_reading_stories_are_my_favorites_which_do_me_lots_of_good.

　　1．Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which ________ spending quite a lot of time with students.(2017·福建，24)

　　A．enjoys

　　B．involves

　　C．practices

　　D．suggests

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：Michelle找到了一份中学教师的工作，这份工作需要花费许多时间和学生在一起。involve doing sth.需要做某事；enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事；practice doing sth.练习做某事；suggest doing sth.建议做某事。由句意知选B项。

　　2．One­third of the country________covered with trees and the majority of the citizens______

　　black people.

　　(2011·湖南，26)

　　A．is；are

　　B．is；is

　　C．are；are

　　D．are；is

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：这个国家的森林覆盖面积占国土面积的三分之一，并且大多数公民都是黑人。“分数/百分数＋名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数取决于名词的形式；“the majority of＋名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数也取决于名词的形式。故本题选A项。

　　3．If we sit near________front of the bus，we’ll have________better view.(2010·山东，22)

　　A．不填；the

　　B．不填；a

　　C．the；a

　　D．the；the

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：我们如果坐在公共汽车的前部，会有一个更好的视野。the front of...……的前部(指某一范围内的前部)；view表示“(一次)观看，一睹，一览”时，为可数名词。

　　4．After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide________for the homeless families.(2010·湖北，22)

　　A．accommodation

　　B．occupation

　　C．equipment

　　D．furniture

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：地震之后，当地政府首先做的事情就是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。accommodation住处，容身之处；occupation职业，工作，占据；equipment设备，装备，素质；furniture家具。由句意可知，应选accommodation。

　　5．It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money________favors to them.(2010·湖北，30)

　　A．in preference to

　　B．in place of

　　C．in agreement with

　　D．in exchange for

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：——公职人员向人们索要礼品或金钱作为给人们带来恩惠的交换是违法的。A项意为“优先于”；B项意为“代替”；C项意为“同意，赞同，与……一致”；D项意为“作为交换”。由题干和四个介词短语的含义可知，D项正确。