2017届高考英语一轮复习基础巩固学案：Unit 2《Olympic Figures》（重大版必修5）

　　Ⅰ.重点单词识记 1．vote /vət/ n．选票；得票数；vi.投票；vt.投票决定 2．driving /draIvIŋ/ adj.推进的；强劲的 3．reality /rIælətI/ n．真实；现实 4．reform /rIfɔːm/ n．改革；感化；vt.改革；革新；vi.革新；重组 5．gathering /æðərIŋ/ n．聚集，集会 6．revive /rIvaIv/ vi./vt.(使)苏醒；(使)复兴 7．economic /ˌiːkənɒmIk/ adj.经济(上)的；经济学的 8．prevent /prIvent/ vt.预防；防止 9．possess /pəzes/ vi./vt.持有；具有→possession n．持有；具有；财产 10．contribution /ˌkntrI′bjuːʃn/ n．捐献；贡献；投稿→contribute vi.捐献；贡献 11. appoint /əpɔInt/ vt.任命；委任→appointment n．任命；委派 12．elect /Ilekt/ vi./vt.选举→election n．选举 13．sympathy /sImpəθI/ n．同情(心)→sympathetic adj.同情的 14．professional /prəfeʃənl/ adj.职业的；专业的→profession n．职业 15．popularity /ˌppjʊ′lærətI/ n．受欢迎→popular adj.受欢迎的 16．refer/rIfɜː/ vi.(to)指的是→reference n．参考；涉及；提及 17．accidentally /ˌæksIdentlI/ adv.偶然地；意外地→accidental adj.意外的；偶然(发生)的→accident n．意外；事故 18．congratulate /kəngrætʃʊleIt/ vt.祝贺；庆贺；恭喜→congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜 .重点短语识记 1．devote oneself/sth.to sb./sth.献身于…… 2．thanks to...多亏；由于 3．push...into推进，推动(做某事) 4．distribute...to...分配、分发某物 5．make a reform in对……进行改革 6．lose one’s sight失明 7．run one’s first race第一次参加比赛 8．fall down跌倒；摔倒 9．make little difference to没有影响；没有关系 10．earn one’s living by靠……谋生 11．in time终究，迟早 .经典原句默写与背诵 1．Since he became the president in 1980，the IOC has had vast changes. 自从他在1980年成为主席后，国际奥委会有了巨大的变化。 2．She spoke to that man as if he were very important. 她向那个人说话，就好像他是个很重要的人。 3．He did try，and the results are in the record book. 他的确尝试了，结果已显示在吉尼斯纪录中。 4．Having returned from Berlin，he received no telephone call from the President of his own country，either. 从柏林回来后，他也没有收到他自己国家总统的电话。 　 1．You can’t take possession of the house until all the papers have been signed.(possess) 2．Well，I have an appointment with my customer.(appoint) 3．Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent diseases.(prevention) 4．I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man.(refer) 5．He offered his congratulations to the new couple on their marriage.(congratulate) 6．He was not a revolutionist but a peaceful reformer.(reform) 7．He gathered the leaves up off the ground.(gathering) 8．I learned this lesson accidentally last week.(accidental) 1 be possessed of＝possess oneself of具有；拥有 possess sb.of sth.使某人拥有…… be in possession of拥有……(主语为人) be in the possession of (某物)被(某人)所拥有 come into one’s possession为某人所拥有 take possession of占有；拥有 Mr.Smith was possessed of great self­confidence. 史密斯先生具有很强的自信心。 When her father died，she came into possession of a large fortune. 她父亲去世时，她继承了一大笔财产。夯实基础同义句改写 He is in possession of the company. (1)The company is in the possession of him.(用the company作主语改写句子) (2)He is possessed of the company.(用possess改写句子) 2 vote for投票赞成 vote against投票反对 vote on投票表决 vote to do...表决做…… He was voted the most promising new director. 他当选为最具潜力的新导演。 The plan was passed by 6 votes to 3. 这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。夯实基础用适当的介词填空 (1)Did you vote for or against her? (2)If we can’t agree，we’ll have to vote on it. 3 appoint sb. as/to be...任命某人为……appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事by appointment 按照约定have/make an appointment with sb.与某人预约/约会They have appointed a new head teacher at my son’s school. 我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。 A lawyer was appointed to represent the child. 一位律师被指定为这个孩子的代表律师。夯实基础 (1)I’ve been appointed to run the overseas section. 我被指派经营海外部。 (2)I have made an appointment with Doctor Smith. 我已经和史密斯医生约好了。 4 阻止某人做…… keep sb.doing...使某人一直做…… protect sb.from...保护某人不受……的侵袭 Further treatment will prevent cancer from developing. 进一步的治疗将阻止癌症恶化。 We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happening. 我们认识到了这种可能性，并且采取了一些预防措施。特别提醒上述短语中的from在被动语态中都不可省略。夯实基础用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)Nothing would prevent him from speaking(speak) out against injustice. (2)The laws protect everyone here from being attacked(attack)． 5 Congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.祝贺某人(做)某事 congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词 congratulations (to sb.) on sth.就……(向某人)祝贺 Congratulations！祝贺你！(口语) Congratulations on your happy marriage! 祝贺你喜结良缘！ She was congratulated on what she had achieved. 人们向她祝贺她所取得的成就。特别提醒 (1)congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。 (2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。夯实基础单句改错 (1)I congratulated myself that I had escaped unhurt. I congratulated myself on having escaped unhurt. (2)We congratulated him to have passed the exam. We congratulated him on having passed the exam. Ⅰ.单项填空 1．Fearing that most of the citizens voted him，he a smile. A．for；performed B．for；managed C．against；controlled D．against；wore 答案　D 解析　句意为：因担心大多数人投票反对他，他脸上总是流露出微笑。vote against投票反对；wear脸上流露出(表情)。 2．They appointed him Ambassador the United Nations. A．to be；of B．as；to C．to；in D．to；to 答案　A 解析　第一个空可为to be或as，但第二个空必须是of，意为“联合国大使”，应为所属关系。故选A项。 3．People will thank the firefighters for the things they do to prevent fires the environment safer. A．make B．to make C．from making D．making 答案　B 解析　此处为不定式表目的，即“由于他们的防火工作而使环境更安全”。 4．—Bill，I have just passed the TOEFL. — ！ A．Congratulate B．Congratulate to you C．Congratulations D．Congratulating you 答案　C 解析　Congratulations！祝贺你！固定用法。 5．The opponents were the ball for most of the match，and at last they won the game. A．in the possession of B．in possession of C．in the possession by D．in possession by 答案　B 解析　主语为人，故应用in possession of。 6．Yesterday we Mr.Zhang the best teacher in our school. A．shouted B．refused C．agreed D．voted 答案　D 解析　vote在此意为“投……的票”，其他三项不合语境。 7．Mr. Black is a careful and experienced engineer, so he is often to finish some challenging tasks. A．appreciated B．approached C．appointed D．agreed 答案　C 解析　句意为：布莱克先生是一位认真而且有经验的工程师，因此他经常被委派去完成一些有挑战性的工作。appoint任命，委派，符合句意。appreciate欣赏；approach接近；agree同意。 .汉译英适度运动有益于健康。(contribute) A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. 1．He lost his sight as a result of the traffic accident. 2．He went to Beijing in 1950 and has lived there ever since. 3．China is also aging rapidly，thanks to its one­child policy. 4．She called him to follow her，and led him into the manager’s office. 5．Who’s the man you just shook hands with? 　 1 give in投降；屈服；让步；呈送 give in to对……屈服 give off放出；排出 give out用完；分发；公布；精疲力竭 give away赠送；泄漏；表露 give way to给……让路 I have given up smoking. 我已经戒烟了。 Someone in the group gave him away to the police. 团伙中有人向警察告发了他。图解助记 夯实基础用含有give的短语填空 (1)He gave away most of his money to charity. (2)The car stopped when the petrol gave out. (3)She gave in to social pressure and quit smoking. (4)He gave up his seat to an old lady on the bus. 2 make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 make much difference to对……有很大影响 tell the difference between...and...说出……和……的不同 be of no/little/much/great difference没有/几乎没有/有很大/有巨大作用 What you said just now made little difference to him. 你刚才说的话对他没有什么影响。 Even if you had tried to help it，it wouldn’t have made any difference. 即使你设法帮忙了，结果也不会有什么不同。夯实基础 (1) It makes little difference to me whether he comes here or not. 他来与不来这里对我来说关系不大。 (2)Can you tell the difference between the two words? 你能区别这两个词吗？ Ⅰ.单项填空 1．If a person has not had enough sleep，his actions will give him during the day. A．away B．up C．in D．back 答案　A 解析　句意为：如果一个人没有睡够觉的话，那么在白天他的行为就会表露出来。give away泄漏，表露，赠送；give up放弃；give in屈服；give back返还。根据句意，A项正确。 2．If we to him，he will only make further demands. A．give up B．give away C．give out D．give in 答案　D 解析　give in to sb.向某人让步。 3．A man may usually be known by the books he reads by the friends he keeps. A．as well as B．as if C．as soon as D．as usual 答案　A 解析　句意为：了解一个人不但可以通过他交的朋友而且也可以通过他读的书来了解。as well as＝not only不但，符合题意。 .汉译英重要的不是你做了什么而是你将要做什么。(make a difference) It isn’t what you have done but what you will do that makes a difference. 　 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)Viewed(view) from a distance，the island looked like a cloud. (2)Compared(compare) to many women，she was very fortunate. (3)Depressed(depress)，he went to see his elder sister. (4)We went home exhausted(exhaust)． (5)Although it was built(build) before the war，the engine is still in perfect order. ...young Coubertin developed a firm belief that sports possessed the power to benefit human beings and encourage peace among the nations of the world.……年轻的顾拜旦渐渐形成了一种强烈的观念：体育运动有益于人类和促进世界各国间的和平。 (1)that引导同位语从句，用来解释说明某一名词的内容和实质。 (2)引导同位语从句的连接词有that，whether，what，when，where，who，why，how等。that，whether在从句中不担任成分，其他连接词在从句中要担任某一成分。 (3)如果同位语从句所解释的词是suggestion，advice，order，demand等时，同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即动词用(should)do。 (4)有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，构成分隔式同位语从句。 The news that our team won the game excited us all. 我们队赢了的消息使我们都很激动。 The fact that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world. 有些国家依然贫穷对整个世界来说是个大问题。夯实基础用适当的连接词填空 (1)They are faced with the problem whether they should continue the work. (2)You should have told him that you didn’t come for the reason that there was something important to deal with in your company，so that he wouldn’t be angry. (3)The reason why we don’t trust him is that he has often lied. (4)Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? Ⅰ.单项填空 1． you are leaving tomorrow，we can eat dinner together tonight. A．For B．Since C．Before D．While 答案　B 解析　句意为：既然你明天就动身，今晚我们可以一起吃饭。空白处应为表原因的连词，只有A、B可用作连词表原因。但for是并列连词，一般不放在句首。 2． the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow the international stars. A．Giving B．Having given C．To give D．Given 答案　D 解析　考查非谓语动词。把句子补充完整为：If they are given the right kind of training, 可知主语they 即these teenage soccer players与give 之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。 3． twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A．Being bitten B．Bitten C．Having bitten D．To be bitten 答案　B 解析　句子的主语the postman和bite之间为被动关系，且动作已发生，故用过去分词表示被动和完成。 .汉译英 1．因为有许多有趣的事要做，所以我喜欢上了学校生活。(as引导原因状语从句)(2011·广东·读写任务) As I had a lot of interesting things to do，I finally enjoyed my school life. 2．我确实希望能被选上担任北极熊代言人。(do强调谓语动词)(2011·重庆·书面表达) I do hope I can be chosen as a spokesman for polar bears. 　 1． with care，one tin will last for six weeks.(2017·北京，27) A．Use B．Using C．Used D．To use 答案　C 解析　句意为：小心使用，一个罐能使用6周。tin和use之间是被动关系，所以用use的过去分词used作状语，从而排除表主动关系的using和to use。分析句子结构可知，此处应是非谓语动词作状语，所以排除动词use。 2．China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea. (2017·福建，28) A．attacking B．having attacked C．being attacked D．having been attacked 答案　C 解析　根据题干中出现的“prevent Chinese fishing boats from ”可知此处考查prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.结构。根据句意可判断渔船应该是“被攻击”，故应选择动名词的被动形式，从而排除表示主动形式的A、B两项；D项having been attacked为动名词的完成被动式，表示动作已完成，而题干句意并未表明渔船已经受到了攻击，故排除D项。正确答案为C。 3．I make $2,000 a week.60 surely won’t make difference to me.(2017·四川，16) A．that a big B．a that big C．big a that D．that big a 答案　D 解析　考查副词用法。句意为：我一个星期赚2 000美元。60美元对我而言没什么大的影响。副词that表示“那么”，与形容词一起修饰名词时的结构为：that＋adj.＋ a/an＋n.，相当于so及how的用法，即that(so/how) big a difference那么(如此/多么)大的一个影响。故选D项。 4．The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed. (2017·江苏，27) A．when B．that C．whether D．how 答案　B 解析　句意为：会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点发布。空格后的句子是解释说明名词the notice，作同位语从句，先行词在从句中不做任何成分，所以用that。 　 .单项填空 1．He is of confidence， ， in my opinion，is most important in society. A．how B．that C．what D．which 答案　D 解析　考查定语从句。此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代指主句中的confidence，在从句中充当主语。句中的in my opinion是插入语。 2． ， she talks a lot about her favorite singers after she went home. A．A quiet student as she may be B．Quiet as she may be a student C．Be a quiet student as she may D．Quiet student as she may be 答案　D 解析　考查倒装结构。该倒装结构为：adj.＋n.(单数)＋as＋主语＋谓语。 3．The man had expected to see all his relatives when in hospital，but came to see him while many of his friends offered him their help. A．none B．no one C．someone D．anyone 答案　A 解析　考查不定代词用法。由题意首先排除C、D项；B项意为“没有人”，用在此与后句不符，故排除B项；A项也意为“没有人”，但它有特定范围。 4．—The fishermen should have been warned of the bad weather. — ，but they didn’t listen to it. A．So were they B．Yes，they were C．So should they D．Yes，they should 答案　B 解析　考查动词时态。句意为：——应该让渔民早知道要有恶劣的天气。——已经告诉他们了，但他们不听。应选B项，意为they were warned...，强调动作已发生。 5．Parents should have a proper attitude boys who have suffered so much from an addiction computer games. A．towards；to B．about；to C．about；in D．towards；on 答案　A 解析　attitude to/towards sb./sth.对某人或某事的态度、看法；addiction to sth.沉溺于……。 6．Some of the exercises appear to be ones that you have done，but after taking second look，you will find that they are different. A．/；the B．the；the C．the；a D．the；/ 答案　C 解析　第一个空格后有定语从句that you have done修饰，因而是特指；第二个空格为不定冠词与序数词连用，表示“再一”。 7．Time， correctly，is money in the bank.(2017·湖南，23) A．to use B．used C．using D．use 答案　B 解析　句意为：使用得当，时间就是银行里的钱。要填的是非谓语形式，而且use和主语time是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词表被动，相当一个条件状语从句：if it (time) is used correctly。 8．In the snow disaster of 2008 lots of warmhearted people were glad to help us out of trouble. A．less than B．rather than C．more than D．other than 答案　C 解析　此处more than意为“非常”。 9．I suggest that the person put into prison. A．refer to B．referred to be C．referring to should be D．referred to was 答案　B 解析　referred to相当于定语从句who was referred to，且主句中的谓语动词为suggest (建议)，从句中应用(should) do结构。故选B项。 10．—Your sister nearly all her spare time to her study during the three years. —That’s right, or she the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examinations. A．devoted；wouldn’t have taken B．spent；wouldn’t have taken C．hadn’t devoted；hadn’t taken D．hadn’t spent；couldn’t take 答案　A 解析　devote...to专心于……；spend的搭配是spend...on sth./in doing sth.。第二空是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 .阅读理解 A The Work­Study Program gives you the chance to work part­time on campus.If you need more money to cover all of your education­related costs，you may be eligible for this program. Advantages •Work experience：Last year，more than 1,400 positions were available across all departments.The jobs vary from one department to the next，and in most cases，participants find a position in their chosen field. •Money：During the regular academic year(September to April)，you can work part­time and earn $3,200—sometimes more—while you take courses！During the summer time，you work full­time and can earn around $6,000 over 18 weeks. •Easy access：Applying for the program is easy.There is no need for face­to­face interview.All the forms you need are online；just fill in the forms and email us；we accept no letter or phone application! Did you know? At the University of Ottawa，it is not essential to receive government assistance to qualify for our Work­Study Program.You simply need to demonstrate(证明) financial need. You could have one of these great Work­Study jobs： •Student ambassador •Computing and network technician •Marketing assistant •Sports team manager •Researcher/translator •Writer And more! The Admission Section receives and evaluates applications to undergraduate programs，in addition to answering applicants’questions. Phone：613­562­5315 Toll­free：1­877­868­8292(#5315) Financial Aid & Awards Service Section： Phone：613­562­5734 Toll­free phone：1­877­868­8292 Regular Office Hours：Monday to Friday September to May：9 a．m. to 4∶30 p．m. June to August：9 a．m. to 330 p．m. 1．What does the underlined word “eligible” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Skilled. B．Helpful. C．Qualified. D．Familiar. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据Did you know？中的“...to qualify for our Work­Study Programme.You simply need to demonstrate(证明) financial need.”可推测，只要你能证明自己需要资金来支付自己的教育费用，就有资格参加勤工俭学项目，eligible意为“有资格的”，C项与之相符。 2．To earn most each month，you may choose to work . A．from April to September B．from May to August C．during the daytime D．during most of the weekends 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Money中的信息“During the regular academic year(September to April)，you can work part­time and earn $3,200...During the summer time，you work full­time and can earn around $6,000 over 18 weeks.”可知从五月到八月挣得最多。 3．How can students apply for a working position? A．By letter. B．By phone. C．By face­to­face interview. D．By the Internet. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Easy access中的信息“All the forms you need are online；just fill in the forms and email us...”可知学生只能通过网络申请勤工俭学岗位。 4．To be admitted by the program，you need to . A．get some government assistance first B．explain your financial need first C．perform well in your studies D．have much working experience 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Did you know？中的信息“You simply need to demonstrate(证明) financial need.”可知参加这一项目只需证明自己有经济上的需要。 B Compulsive(强制的) overeating is a health problem，which can affect women or men，though it appears twice as often among women.In this serious eating disorder，a person eats a lot of food in a short amount of time.Compulsive overeaters often binge(大吃大喝)．This can lead to serious medical problems，including obesity. No one knows the exact cause of compulsive overeating.Many compulsive overeaters use food for comfort.Others binge to deal with stress.Eating makes them feel better，but only for a short time.Usually compulsive overeaters feel guilty for eating so much，which makes them feel bad about themselves.This leads to more stress，which leads to more overeating，and so on.They have trouble dealing with feelings like anger，sadness，loneliness，guilt，and shame. There are many warning signs which indicate that someone may be suffering from compulsive overeating disorder.They include：eating large amounts of food when not physically hungry；eating much more rapidly than normal；eating until the point of feeling uncomfortably full；often eating alone because of shame or embarrassment；suffering feelings of depression，disgust，or guilt after eating. Compulsive overeating generally has a gradual beginning，often starting in early childhood when eating patterns are formed.It usually starts very subtly，when a child turns to food whenever they were upset.Over time，you learn that food in fact will comfort the upset feelings.The destructive pattern continues as you do not learn to trust that you are capable of self­comforting without food. Like someone with bulimia(贪食症)，when you compulsively overeat，you usually try every way you can to stop.Often the attempt at control takes the form of strict dieting or living by inflexible standards of eating.While strict dieting may help with the weight gain，in the long run，it doesn’t do anything to handle the emotional reasons for the compulsive overeating.Moreover，restrictive dieting creates a situation of compounded desperation to eat.Therefore，dieting often backfires and just promotes the compulsive overeating. 5．What can bingeing do to people? A．It helps cure people of compulsive overeating. B．It causes serious problems to them. C．It makes them feel good for a long time. D．It keeps them free from stress. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句“This can lead to serious medical problems，including obesity.”可知，暴饮暴食会导致很严重的问题，故选B项。 6．We can infer from the second paragraph that compulsive overeating . A．can disappear after a time B．shouldn’t be taken seriously C．is usually caused by stress D．often goes into a destructive pattern 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，人们想通过暴饮暴食来得到安慰或减缓压力，但最终不仅没有达到目的，反而会导致更严重的暴饮暴食，由此推断，暴饮暴食会陷入恶性循环，故D项符合题意。 7．What is most probably to be discussed following the passage? A．How to deal with compulsive overeating. B．What harm compulsive overeating can bring. C．How to comfort yourself with food. D．What will happen if you have restrictive dieting. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。文章最后一段分析了人们防止暴饮暴食的两种手段，但这两种手段并不科学，甚至有害，由此可推知，作者在接下来的段落中可能会介绍科学地治疗暴饮暴食的方法，故选A项。 8．Which of the following correctly shows the structure of the passage? (＝Paragraph 1，＝Paragraph 2，＝Paragraph 3，＝Paragraph 4，＝Paragraph 5) 答案　D 解析　篇章结构题。文章第一段提出本文的中心话题，然后从第二段开始，分别说明暴饮暴食的原因、症状、发展以及治疗的错误方法，文章第二段到第五段是并列关系，故D项正确。 .写作素材(关于人物描写) 1．李林是名业余画家，在一所艺术学院工作。 2．由于工作出色，他被任命为艺术学院副院长。 3．他采取了一系列措施进行改革。 4．举办了多场重要的学术活动，建立了严格的奖惩制度。 5．他为学院的发展作出了重大贡献。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句，现在分词短语作状语。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文) Li Lin，who is an amateur painter，works in an art institute.Because of his excellent work，he was appointed as the vice­president of the art institute.He took a series of measures to reform，holding more than one grand academic activities and establishing a strict system of rewards and penalties.He has made an important contribution to the development of the institute.