2017届全国高考英语阅读理解专练（5）

　　山东省胶州市2017英语阅读理解专练（5）及答案（高考一轮）

　　【山东省宿州市2017高考英语综合能力测试卷】

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。During times of trouble, Franklin Delano Roosevelt spoke from a small room without a fireplace in the White House basement to millions of Americans. In his calm and conversational manner, he reassured（使……恢复信心）the nation in the depths of the Great Depression（大萧条）and through a World War.Saul Bellow described his own experience of listening to President Roosevelt, hold the nation together, using only a radio and the power of his personality.

　　“I can recall walking eastward on the Chicago Midway… drivers had pulled over, parking bumper to bumper, and turned on their radios to hear Roosevelt. They had rolled down the windows and opened the car doors. Everywhere the same voice, its odd Eastern accent, which in anyone else would have angered Midwesterners. You could follow without missing a single word as you walked by. You felt joined to these unknown drivers, men and women…”

　　The nation needed the assurance of those Fireside Chats, the first of which was delivered on March 12, 1933. Between a quarter and a third of the work force was unemployed. Every bank in America had been closed for at least eight days. It’s hard for us to imagine. It was the hardest time of the Great Depression.

　　The “Fireside” was symbolic（象征性的）; most of the chats came from a small room in the White House basement. Frances Perkins, Roosevelt’s Secretary of Labor, described the change that would come over him just before the broadcasts: “His face would smile and light up as though he were actually sitting on the front porch(门廊) or in the parlor with them. People felt this, and came to respect and love him.”

　　In that first radio visit, Roosevelt began by explaining how the banking system worked: “When you put money in a bank, the bank does not place the money into a safe—deposit vault（金库房. It invests your money in many different forms of credit—bonds, mortgages.” He went on to announce that the banks would reopen the next day.

　　68. The main purpose of the article is to

　　.

　　A. give examples of the power of radio broadcasting

　　B. make people examine their attitudes toward money

　　C. suggest that Roosevelt was America’s greatest president

　　D. show how Roosevelt reassured Americans during hard times

　　69. According to the article, the Fireside Chats raised the hopes of Americans because President Roosevelt

　　.

　　A. spoke to them in a friendly and confident tone

　　B. explained to them how to invest their money

　　C. was open about his own fears for the country

　　D. used humor to draw their attention away from their problems

　　70. The name “Fireside Chats” was probably intended to

　　.

　　A. demand listeners to protect resources

　　B. encourage spirited discussion among listeners

　　C. request people to desire for hope and reassurance

　　D. persuade Americans to talk with their families

　　71. Saul Bellow’s description of his own experience of listening to President Roosevelt shows

　　.

　　A. how popular and encouraging Roosevelt’s Fireside Chats were

　　B. how easily Roosevelt’s Fireside Chats could be understood

　　C. what great interest general public took in national affairs

　　D. what a hard life Americans had in Great Depression

　　【参考答案】68 -71 DACA   

　　【山东省宿州市2017高考英语综合能力测试卷】

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。When 47-year-old volunteer Susan Boyle stepped on to the stage of Britain’s Got Talent and announced she was unemployed, had never been married and “never been kissed, actually”, few in the audience would have wondered why. This Ms. Boyle, looking unfashionable, from a village in Scotland, shocked the three judges and the audience with the song “I Dreamed a Dream” from the musical Les Miserables on a show of “Britain’s Got Talent”, one of the hottest reality shows in Britain.

　　She couldn’t hide the awkwardness when walking to the center of the stage in a housedress, and everyone—including the judges—seemed laughing at her when she said she wanted to be as successful as Elaine Paige. As soon as she began singing, however, everyone present fell silent, then rose within seconds to applaud her incredible voice as the celebrity(名人) judges sat open-mouthed, and remained standing to the end.

　　After her performance, one of the judges Piers Morgan said, “Without doubt that was the biggest surprise I’ve had in three years of this show. When you stood there everyone was laughing at you. No one is laughing now. That was amazing.” Actress Amanda Holden followed, “I am so thrilled because I know that everybody was against you. I honestly think that we were all being cynical(愤世嫉俗的)and I think that’s the biggest wake-up call ever.”

　　Susan obviously won over the hearts of millions around the world with sensation spreading across the Atlantic. Hollywood actors Ashton Kutcher and Demi Moore—who between them have nearly 1.5 million followers—speak highly of her. Kutcher posted a link to the video clip(片段). The Scottish talent made her live American debut(露面) via satellite connection on CBS’s The Early Show, doing an interview and singing live from her room. And she already accepted an invitation from talk show host Oprah Winfrey.

　　Now Boyle has become one of the world’s hottest celebrities. The video clip of her performance has been viewed more than 50 million times on YouTube, becoming a hit on the Internet. Not long ago she came to China and was warmly welcomed.

　　72. We learn from the passage that Susan Boyle

　　.

　　A．rose from a low social background

　　B．had an unhappy marriage

　　C．was working in a company

　　D．won the championship in the Britain’s Got Talent show

　　At the beginning of the show, almost everyone

　　.

　　A．looked forward to her wonderful performance

　　B．was attracted by her beautiful dress

　　C．looked down upon her

　　D．placed great hope on her

　　We can infer that

　　contributed most to her global popularity.

　　A．the judges

　　B．the Internet

　　C．the newspaper

　　D．the advertisement

　　The 4th paragraph intends to tell us

　　.

　　A．how Susan Boyle achieved her success

　　B．the comment made by Ashton KutcherC．Susan Boyle’s influence in the USA

　　D．Oprah Winfrey’s invitation to Susan Boyle

　　72 -75 ACBC

　　阅读理解(一)A

　　Guide to Stockholm University Library

　　Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.

　　Zones

　　The library is divided into different zones.The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading，and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs.The ground floor is the zone where you can talk.Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.

　　Computers

　　You can use your own computer to connect to the Wi－Fi specially prepared for notebook computers；you can also use library computers，which contain the most commonly used applications，such as Microsoft Office.They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.

　　Group－study Places

　　If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others，you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor.Some study rooms are for 2－3 people and others can hold up to 6－8 people.All rooms are marked on the library maps.

　　There are 40 group－study rooms that must be booked via the website.To book，you need an active University account and a valid University card.You can use a room three hours per day，nine hours at most per week.

　　Storage of Study Material

　　The library has lockers for students to store course literature.When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分)，you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year's rental period.

　　Rules to be Followed

　　Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.

　　Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library，but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.

　　1．The library's upper floor is mainly for students to________.

　　A．read in a quiet place

　　B．have group discussions

　　C．take comfortable seats

　　D．get their computers fixed

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Zones中第二句话The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading可知选A。

　　答案　A

　　2．What condition should be met to book a group－study room?

　　A．A group must consist of 8 people.

　　B．Three－hour use per day is the minimum.

　　C．One should first register at the university.

　　D．Applicants must mark the room on the map.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Group－study Places中第二段可知选C。

　　答案　C

　　．A student can rent a locker in the library if he________.

　　A．can afford the rental fee

　　B．attends certain courses

　　C．has nowhere to put his books

　　D．has earned the required credits

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Storage of Study Material中第二句可知选D。

　　答案　D

　　．What should NOT be brought into the library?　A．Mobile phones.

　　B．Orange juice.

　　C．Candy.

　　D．Sandwiches.

　　解析　推理判断题。根据Rules to be Followed中mobile phones，drinks and sweets可带入图书馆，排除A、B和C，选D。

　　答案　D

　　Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classic experiment, people were shown a vertical（垂直的） line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.

　　You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform it by themselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up, where two of the people were confederates（同伙） of the experimenter. When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers, people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least one wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.

　　But why do people conform in this way? In an easy task like this, it seems that people do not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform because they lose confidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.

　　A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street? It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone. When other people are also around, a diffusion of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman's assistance.

　　63. In Paragraph 1, the underlined word “conform” probably means “　 ”.

　　A. seek independence B. disobey orders

　　C. follow what others doD. seek pleasure

　　64. What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2?

　　A. To explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others.

　　B. To prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others.

　　C. To train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded.

　　D. To describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others.

　　65. In the last paragraph, according to the author, why wouldn’t one help the woman?

　　A. He thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand.

　　B. He thinks he has nothing to do with it.

　　C. He is too shy to give his helping hand.

　　D. He thinks someone else will offer assistance.

　　66. What method does the author mainly use to develop the text?

　　A. Giving examples.B. Cause-effect analysis.　

　　C. Comparative analysis.D. Process analysis.

　　【参考答案】7.63-66 CBDA　

　　较难题目特训：节能环保类

　　SCS Global Services （SCS） has evaluated a new methodology for measuring the carbon sequestration（封存） ability of soil under the Verified（验证） Carbon Standard （VCS）, a leading greenhouse gas （GHG） accounting system. The methodology, developed by The Earth Partners, will allow land managers who sequester GHGs in grasslands and farmlands to produce carbon credits for sale in the voluntary market.

　　Managers of grasslands and farmlands can increase carbon sequestration in soil by practices such as changing grazing（放牧） practices and operating treatments designed to improve the variety and productivity of plant groups. The Earth Partners is presently piloting this methodology with farmers across seven million acres of the Palouse River and Columbia Plateau regions in the Pacific Northwest.

　　“The VCS program has achieved an important milestone in now combining grassland and rangeland carbon offset（抵消，补偿） projects," said Dr. Robert J. Hrubes, Executive Vice President of SCS."SCS looks forward to approving and verifying agricultural carbon offset projects that use this very powerful new methodology."

　　The VM0021 Soil Carbon Quantification Methodology is based on decades of soil carbon research and testing conducted by top soil scientists. The methodology was developed by The Earth Partners and verified by Environmental Services, Inc. as well as SCS Global Services. It is the first soil carbon methodology to be approved for use under the VCS.

　　"This widely tested methodology is the first to specially deal with soils in a market," said Steven I. Apfelbaum, Chairman of Applied Ecological Services, Inc. and Director of Science with The Earth Partners. According to Apfelbaum, soils represent the second largest living sink of carbon on the planet.

　　68. The new methodology is assessed according to　.

　　A. The Earth PartnersB. the Verified Carbon Standard

　　C. Environmental Services, Inc.D. Applied Ecological Services, Inc.

　　69. Carbon sequestration in soil can be strengthened by　.

　　A. selling carbon credits in the voluntary market

　　B. changing grazing practices and operating treatments

　　C. reducing the variety and productivity of plant groups

　　D. decreasing farmlands in the Pacific Northwest

　　70. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　A. The VCS program proves to be successful in carbon offset projects.

　　B. Many soil Carbon Methodologies have already been approved for use.

　　C. The new methodology has been tested in many fields including soil.

　　D. Soils seem to be the largest living sink of carbon on the planet.

　　71. What is the attitude of SCS towards the new methodology?

　　A. Opposed.B. Cautious.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.

　　【参考答案】2. 68-71 BBAD