2017届全国高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（7）

　　浙江省桐庐县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（8）及答案

　　人物传记类

　　George Gershwin，born in 1898，was one of America's greatest composers.He published his first song when he was eighteen years old.During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.

　　Many of Gershwin's songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City.These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s.Many of his songs have remained popular as ever.Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country.

　　In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music.Could jazz，some people asked，be considered serious music? In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music.Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it.And in that short time，he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue.Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert.The audience were thrilled when they heard his music.It made him world­famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.

　　In 1928，Gershwin went to Paris.He applied to study composition (作曲)with the well­known musician Nadia Boulanger，but she rejected him.She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz­influenced style.While there，Gershwin wrote An American in Paris.When it was first performed，critics (评论家)were divided over the music.Some called it happy and full of life，to others it was stilly and boring.But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States.It still remains one of his most famous works.

　　George Gershwin died in 1937，just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer.He was only thirty­nine years old.Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages.People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.

　　【语篇解读】 本文讲述了George Gershwin 一位伟大的音乐家的一生，对音乐界及世界的影响。

　　13．Many of Gershwin's musical works were________.

　　A．written about New Yorkers

　　B．composed for Paul Whiteman

　　C．played mainly in the countryside

　　D．performed in various ways

　　解析　细节理解题。根据原文第二段末Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country.其中“they”指代Gershwin's musical works，“in every possible way ”与 various ways属于同义替换，所以选D。

　　答案　D

　　14．What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman?

　　A．It attracted more people to theatres.

　　B．It proved jazz could be serious music.

　　C．It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra.

　　D．It caused a debate among jazz musicians.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据原文第三段中In 1924, jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music .其中“show that jazz was serious music”和B选项是表达的一个意思，所以选B。

　　答案　B

　　15．What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris?

　　A．He created one of his best works.

　　B．He studied with Nadia Boulanger.

　　C．He argued with French critics.

　　D．He changed his music style.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据原文第四段中“It still remains one of his most famous works.”其中it指的就是An American in Paris，“one of his most famous works.”即A选项中的 one of his best works。

　　答案　A

　　16．What do we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A．Many of Gershwin's works were lost.

　　B．The death of Gershwin was widely reported.

　　C．A concert was held in memory of Gershwin.

　　D．Brain cancer research started after Gershwin's death.

　　解析　推理判断题。根据原文最后一段，“Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages.”即说明了B选项“The death of Gershwin was widely reported.”故B正确。其它选项均没有涉及。

　　答案　B

　　17．Which of the following best describes Gershwin?

　　A．Talented and productive.

　　B．Serious and boring.

　　C．Popular and unhappy.

　　D．Friendly and honest.

　　解析　主旨大意题。从全文看，这个人不可能用boring这样感情色彩负面的词来形容，故B错误；文中提到他popular，但没有说他unhappy，故C错误；friendly和honest在文中没有具体体现，没有根据，故D错误；A选项中talented有天分的，productive多产的，准确地描述了Gershwin作为一个作曲家所具备的素质。

　　答案　A

　　【四川省绵阳市2017高考英语一模试题】 Researchers have announced the result of two studies on the health effects of the drug aspirin. One study shows aspirin can sharply reduce the chance that a healthy, older man will suffer from a heart attack. The study offered two new results from earlier findings. It said taking one aspirin pill every other day helped only healthy men over the age of fifty. It also said aspirin gave the greatest protection against heart attacks to men with low blood cholesterol (胆固醇) levels. Earlier in the United States began a major aspirin study in the early 1980s. It included 22,000 healthy men doctors. All were between the ages of forty and eighty-four. More than 11,000 of the doctors took a harmless pill that contained no drug. The men did not know which kind of pill they were taking. The doctors who took aspirin suffered 44% fewer heart attacks than those taking the harmless pill. 139 men who took aspirin suffered from heart attacks. Ten of them died. 239 men who did not take aspirin suffered from heart attacks. Twenty-six of them died. The researchers said the doctors' study provides clear proof that taking aspirin can prevent a first heart attack in healthy, older men. They said, however, the result does not mean every man over the age of fifty should take aspirin. They said aspirin couldn't help men who do not eat healthy foods, who smoke cigarettes and who are fat. The researchers said men who think they would be helped by taking aspirin should talk with their doctors first. 64. The passage tells us that the new use of aspirin is ______. A.  to treat heart disease B. to reduce pain while one suffers from a heart attack C. to help old people to be more healthy D. to reduce the chance of a heart attack in old men 65. Aspirin can help those who ______. A.  work as doctors                 B. are under 40 years old C. are fat and smoke cigarettes     D. are older and healthy 66. At last the researchers advised us to take aspirin ______. A. with care                      B. as much as we like C. every day                      D. only considering the age 67. From the experiment we can conclude that about _____ of people who suffered from heart attacks without aspirin died. A. 7%                 B. 11%              C. 19%             D. 44% 【参考答案】64—65、DD      66-67、 AB

　　【四川省绵阳市2017高考英语一模试题】D A latest national survey has found that over half of China's netizens（网民）are suffering from various mental problems although some 62 percent of them claim at the same time that they are happy on the whole anyway. This is the result of China's first White Paper on Netizens' Health Conditions issued on Wednesday by 39.net, China's largest authoritative website on health sciences. It is the first most comprehensive health survey on netizens' health situation ever conducted in China in ten years' time. The white paper came out after two months of online and offline research that involved over 150 thousand netizens, covering topics and questions on health knowledge, mental situation, sense of health, and living habits. According to the white paper, more than 70 percent of China's netizens say they are suffering from mental problems such as bad memory, anxiety, depression, and a lack of confidence. And a similar 72 percent of them also say they are often suffering from diseases like insomnia, dizziness, joint degeneration and achings. Meanwhile, another 53 percent of netizens believe that white collar employees who have bigger work pressures are more likely to catch mental problems. The white paper adds, doing almost no sports and spending long time surfing online lead to the above mentioned health problems among netizens. Only 9 percent of netizens take up sports on weekends while over 40 percent stay home, surfing. And only 16 percent netizens can assure more than eight hours' sleeping daily. At present, China has a netizen population of 162 million, with a monthly consumption of 186 yuan, or about 25 dollars, on Internet surfing. 68. The national survey on netizens' health situation ________. A. was conducted by sohu.com      B. is conducted every year C. was carried out online and offline   D. covered about half a million netizens 69. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined part "white collar"? A. White clothes.   B. White offices.  C. Office workers.     D. White people. 70. All the following factors have been mentioned to cause the health problems among netizens EXCEPT ________. A. doing no sports         B. spending long time online C. heavy work pressures     D. shopping online 71. What's the main idea of the passage? A. China has a large netizen population. B. Many netizens in China have mental problems. C. the Internet has a negative influence on people. D. How to surf the Internet safely and healthily. 【参考答案】68—70、CCD      71、B

　　社会生活类

　　One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. That’s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.

　　Ceely’s near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device (导航仪). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train, “ she told the BBC.

　　Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely’s story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it’s not just GPS devices:　Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.

　　The problem with his argument in the book is that it’s not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn’t say.

　　It’s a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it’s also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.

　　The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.

　　If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.

　　1. What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident?

　　A. She was not familiar with the road.

　　B. It was dark and raining heavily then.

　　C. The railway workers failed to give the signal.

　　D. Her GPS device didn’t tell her about the crossing.

　　2. The phrase “near miss” (Paragraph 2)can best be replaced by　.　

　　A. close hitB. heavy lossC. narrow escape　 D. big mistake

　　3. Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?

　　A. Modern technology is what we can’t live without.

　　B. Digital technology often falls short of our expectation.

　　C. Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be.

　　D. GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely’s accident.

　　4. In the writer’s opinion, Stevenson’s argument is　.　

　　A. one-sided　B. reasonable C. puzzling D. well-based

　　5. What is the real concern of the writer of this article?

　　A. The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.

　　B. The relationship between humans and technology.

　　C. The shortcomings of digital devices we use.

　　D. The human unawareness of technical problems.

　　【参考答案】74.1-5 DCBAB