2017届全国高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（4）

　　浙江省桐庐县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（4）及答案

　　人文地理类

　　Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean，an S­shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic has，in a sense，replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization.Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.

　　“Storm at Sea”，a short poem written around 700，is generally regarded as one of mankind's earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.

　　When the wind is from the west

　　All the waves that cannot rest

　　To the east must thunder on

　　Where the bright tree of the sun

　　Is rooted in the ocean's breast.

　　As the poem suggests，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise—it is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.

　　It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath－perhaps not so noticeably out in mid­ocean，but where it meets land，its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic existences，too：unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony，giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat，a kind of sub­ocean vitality.And it has a psychology.It has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.

　　9．Unlike real inland seas，the Atlantic Ocean is ________.

　　A．always energetic

　　B．lacking in liveliness

　　C．shaped like a square

　　D．favored by ancient poets

　　解析　细节理解题。从第一段中的“Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.”可知，liveliness(精力充沛，活跃)与energetic近义，故答案为A项。

　　答案　A

　　10．What is the purpose of using the poem “Storm at Sea” in the passage?

　　A．To describe the movement of the waves.

　　B．To show the strength of the storm.

　　C．To represent the power of the ocean.

　　D．To prove the vastness of the sea.

　　解析　推理判断题。从诗歌下面的一段“As the poem suggests，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise－it is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.”可知，这首诗主要向我们描述了海洋的强大力量。

　　答案　C

　　11．What does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?

　　A．Living together.

　　B．Growing fast.

　　C．Moving harmoniously.

　　D．Breathing peacefully.

　　解析　词义猜测题。划线单词所在的句子后边用了冒号，后边的内容是对前边句子的解释，从下文“unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony”中的mix within等字眼可知，划线单词意为“共生的”，故A项符合要求。

　　答案　A

　　12．In the last paragraph，the Atlantic is compared to ________.

　　A．a beautiful and poetic place

　　B．a flesh and blood person

　　C．a wonderful world

　　D．a lovely animal

　　解析　推理判断题。从最后一句“It has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.”中可以看出，大西洋有个性：有时安静，有时野蛮等，把这些用来描绘人的词汇用来描写大西洋，所以此处把大西洋比喻成了一个有血有肉的人。

　　答案　B

　　E

　　Born in America in 1898, William was an extraordinary boy, gifted with an amazing IQ between 250 and 300. The genius went to a grammar school when he was only 6 years old and graduated just within 7 months. At the age of 11, he became the youngest student of the Harvard University. He graduated with high scores at the age of 16 and entered Harvard Law School at 18.

　　Gifted with an amazing IQ between 220 and 230, Terence Tao makes it to this list of the people with the highest IQ in the world. Born in Adelaide, Australia in 1975, this genius first displayed his incredible intelligence at a mere age of 2, when he managed to solve basic arithmetic questions on his own. At the age of 16, he graduated with both Master's and Bachelor's degrees at the Flinders University. He has been considered as ''Mr. Fix it " by Charles Fefferman, who is a professor of Mathematics at Princeton University, and many other mathematicians want to interest him in their problems.

　　This 31-year-old Japanese-American astrophysicist lands him third in this list. At the age of 12, Christopher Hirata already worked on college-level courses, around the time most of us were just in the 7th grade. At the age of 13, this gifted kid became the youngest American to have ever won the gold medal in the International physics Olympiad.

　　At the age of 16, he was already working with NASA on its project to conquer planet Mars. After he was awarded the Ph.D. at Princeton University, he went back to California Institute of Technology.

　　The next person with very high IQ is Albert Einstein. With an IQ between 160 and 190, Albert Einstein is the genius behind the theory of relativity, which has had great impact on the world of science. He possessed such an amazing ability that after his death, researchers were eager to preserve and make research on his brain in search for clues to his exceptional brilliance, which to this day, has remained a mystery.

　　61. About William, which of the following is true?

　　A. His IQ reached between 220 and 230.

　　B. At the age of 16, he graduated from a grammar school.

　　C. At the age of 6, he graduated with both Master's and Bachelor's degrees.

　　D. At the age of 11, he became the youngest student at the Harvard University.

　　62. How many people with remarkable IQ are mentioned in the passage?

　　A. 3

　　B.4

　　C.5

　　D.6

　　63. Who once worked on the project to conquer planet Mars?

　　A. William

　　B. Terence Tao

　　C. Christopher Hirata

　　D. Abert Einstein

　　64. From the passage we can know that______.

　　A .when William graduated from the Harvard University, he got the highest scores

　　B. at the age of 2, Terence solved basic arithmetic questions on his own

　　C. Christopher Hirata is a Japanese

　　D. researchers have found out why Albert Einstein was so brilliant

　　65. What might be the most suitable title for the passage?

　　A. The most gifted college students in the world.

　　B. The most famous people in the world.

　　C. People with the highest IQ Ever Recorded.

　　D. The most famous inventors.

　　【参考答案】61-65 DBCBC

　　Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.

　　【湖南省怀化市2017高考英语3月一模试题】A

　　It is generally believed that we are getting cleaned when we step under a shower. We are, but we’re also giving a home to lots of tiny little creatures we didn’t even know about. A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria called Mycobacterium．These can cause problems like coughs and tiredness, and a general feeling of poorliness (身体不舒服)When you turn on the water, the bacteria go from the showerhead onto and into your body.

　　This is a finding of Norman R. Pace and his team at the University of Colorado, in the US. The scientists investigated bacteria in all kinds of human environment, including showers．Pace's team looked at 45 showerheads in nine American citiesThey discovered that 30 percent of them had large amounts of flying Mycobacterium.

　　But Pace said that they pose few threats to the health．Only those with a

　　immune system might need to worry．He told the New York Times that the bacteria are not as unpleasant as might be thought．He said that having a shower is no more dangerous than anything else we do in the morning．But for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms (微生物), he had some adviceLet the water run for 30 seconds before getting into the shower. Why? The number of bacteria is smaller than that when the water is just turned on. If that seems like a waste of water, he added that you could also change your showerhead every few months.

　　However, Pace had good news too. He has also been testing the air in US subways. Apart from iron particles (粒子), which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains, subway air is freshThe reason is that a train’s movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels.

　　Pace explained that he wanted to understand the natural microbial environments of public places. This kind of knowledge might help discover the microbes to be used in a bioterrorist (生物恐怖分子) attack 56. From the finding of Norman R. Pace, after taking a shower, we might cough or feel tired

　　because

　　.

　　A. it’s easy to get a cold when taking a bath

　　B. the showerhead carries many bacteria causing illness

　　C. we don’t get cleaned while showering

　　D. we don’t get a weak immune system 57. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

　　A. Hot water could kill most of bacteria in showerheads.

　　B. Of 45 showerheads surveyed in nine cities, 30 carried large amounts of Mycobacterium.

　　C. Changing showerheads is the only way to avoid microorganisms.

　　D. Shower water contains much less bacteria after being left to run for 30 seconds.

　　58. We can learn from the third paragraph that

　　.

　　A. having a shower in the morning is more dangerous than at other time

　　B. the bacteria always threat people’s health

　　C. there is no reason to fear microorganisms for people with strong immune system

　　D. it is better to do some exercise in the morning than have a shower

　　59. The underlined word “pose” in the third paragraph probably means “______”． A. cause     

　　B. avoid       

　　C. describe 

　　D. promise

　　60. What contributes to fresh air in US subways?

　　A. The train’s movement.         

　　B. Iron particles． C. Train wheels. 

　　D. Air conditioners on the trains．题

　　号 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

　　答

　　案

　　社会生活类

　　In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

　　Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.

　　Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger management of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one.

　　The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.

　　1. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that　.　

　　A. it makes the world warmer

　　B. it consumes natural resources

　　C. it brings severe damage to forests

　　D. it makes growth hard to continue

　　2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

　　A. China lacks wind and solar energy.

　　B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market.

　　C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.

　　D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.

　　3. To fully develop the low-carbon markets, governments can　.　

　　A. cut public expenses

　　B. forbid carbon emissions

　　C. develop public resources

　　D. encourage energy conservation

　　4. We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to　.　

　　A. develop sustainable products

　　B. explore new natural resources

　　C. make full use of natural resources

　　D. deal with the major challenge

　　5. What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A. To introduce a new business model.

　　B. To compare two business models.

　　C. To predict a change of the global market.

　　D. To advocate sustainable development.

　　【参考答案】72.1-5 BCDAD