2017届高三英语一轮语法专项学案：第9节 名词性从句

　　第九节　名词性从句

　　(对应学生用书第261页)

　　考点一　名词性从句连接词的用法

　　1．连接词的基本用法

　　(1)连接词that在从句中没有任何含义，只起连接作用，不作任何成分。

　　That he will come to the meeting made us excited.

　　他要来参加会议使我们大家很兴奋。

　　(2)连接词whether，if意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不作任何成分。若在两者之间二选一，应选择whether。

　　Whether we will go there tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否去那里取决于天气。

　　(3)连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever既起连接作用，同时又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。

　　She didn't know what life in a foreign country would be like.她不知道外国的生活会是什么样。

　　Whoever breaks the rule should be punished.

　　不论谁违反了规则都要受到惩罚。

　　(4)连接副词when，where，why，how既起连接作用，同时又在从句中作状语。

　　She has decided how she should settle the matter.

　　她已做出决定如何来解决这件事。

　　2．that与what的区别

　　that没有词义，也不作任何成分，当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时用that；what在从句中表示“……的(东西)”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。

　　That they need more oil is very clear.

　　很明显，他们需要更多的油。

　　What they need is more oil.

　　他们需要的是更多的油。

　　3．who与whoever的区别

　　who在名词性从句中表示“谁”；而whoever(谓语用单数)＝anyone who，(谓语用单数)＝those who(谓语用复数)。

　　Who will be invited to the ceremony hasn't been decided. 邀请谁参加仪式还未定下来。

　　Give the dictionary to whoever(＝anyone who) needs it most. 把词典给最需要的人。

　　考点二　主语从句

　　1．that引导的从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见句式有。

　　(1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that从句。

　　It is necessary that a person should provide against a raining day.

　　一个人应该居安思危、未雨绸缪。

　　(2)It＋ be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句。

　　It is a pity that you cannot come to our party.

　　你不能来参加我们的聚会真是遗憾。

　　(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that从句。

　　It is reported that many people are homeless after floods. 据报道洪水过后很多人无家可归。

　　(4)It＋特殊动词(seem/appear/happen/occur/matter)＋that从句。

　　It seems that young people are more interested in pop music.年轻人似乎对流行音乐更感兴趣。

　　2．其他连接词引导主语从句时也可用it作形式主语。

　　If a person dose his best，it doesn't matter what people think of him.如果一个人尽了他最大的努力，那么人们如何评价他并没关系。

　　考点三　宾语从句

　　1．动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。

　　I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

　　我已把每天写日记当成了惯例。

　　2．有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it，这类动词有：hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，appreciate，see to等。

　　I would appreciate it if you could send me a reply at your earliest convenience.

　　如果您能够尽早给我回信的话，我将不胜感激。

　　3．一般情况下介词后不跟that引导的宾语从句，但except，in，but等可跟that引导的宾语从句。其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。

　　I know nothing about him except that he lives next door. 我对他一无所知，只知道他住在隔壁。

　　Yon may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了，他们会支持你的。

　　4．当主句的主语是第一人称单数时，think，believe，suppose，expect等动词引导的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句的谓语动词用肯定式，这一现象称为否定转移。

　　I don't think that your suggestion will work.

　　我认为你的建议行不通。

　　考点四　表语从句

　　1．表语从句还可由as if，as though，because等词引导。

　　It looks as if we shall stay the night here after all. 看来我们不得不在这里过夜了。

　　2．当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般用that而不用because引导，常用句型The reason ... is that ...

　　The reason why he is absent from school is that he is sick. 他没来上学的理由是他生病了。

　　考点五　同位语从句

　　1．同位语从句常放在fact，news，word(消息)，idea，truth，doubt，belief，thought，problem等词的后面，对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。引导词常用that，也可用其他连接词引导。需注意的是，同位语从句有时不直接跟着它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。

　　We must face the fact that the war has killed many people. 我们必须正视战争已经夺走了许多人的生命这一事实。

　　They are faced with the problem whether they should continue the work.

　　他们面临着是否应该继续工作的难题。

　　Word came that our football team had won the match. 消息传来，我们的足球队赢了比赛。

　　2．同位语从句与定语从句的区别

　　同位语从句是对前面的名词做进一步解释，引导词只起引导作用，不可省略；定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制，在句子中作一定的成分。

　　The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个校园。(同位语从句)

　　The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的那个消息真令人失望。(定语从句)

　　(对应学生用书第263页)

　　Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空

　　1．The man didn't know ________ it was that the thief broke into the house and stole all his valuable things.

　　2．—Have a nice trip!

　　—Thanks.I'll telephone you from ________ I get tomorrow evening.

　　3．I don't quite understand ________ more women smoke than men in Britain.

　　4．They are discussing in the meeting room ________ will go to the conference on behalf of the manager.

　　5．Keep in mind ________ you must respect others first.

　　6．—Which can I take，Mr.Smith?

　　—Take ________ one you like and leave the others for ________ comes late.

　　7．She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do ________ it takes to save her life.

　　8．He hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see ________ it got any better.

　　9．________ climber gets to the top first will get a ￡5，000 prize.

　　10．________ ticket this is has not been found out.

　　11．—What made her so upset?

　　—________ she failed in her mid－term examination.

　　12．Honesty is a kind of quality and that's ________ it takes to communicate with others successfully.

　　13．The view ________ many scientists hold is ________ too much emission of carbon dioxide is destructive.

　　14．Before the operation，the doctor had to talk to the patient in order to remove her fear ________ she might die during the operation.

　　15．Mr.Wu and I did not know each other，and I had no idea ________ he invited me for lunch.

　　16．—You know I gave up the job as a waiter and went to that little company.

　　—That's ________ you've made a mistake.That company isn't well managed.

　　17．What they want to know is ________ the English class begins every day.

　　18．The question was put forward at the meeting ________ we had enough money for our research.

　　19．With so many people doing the work，it is hard to say ________ responsibility it should be.

　　20．It is not immediately clear ________ the financial crisis will soon be over.

　　【答案】　1.how/when　2.where　3.why　4.who

　　5．that　6.whichever；whoever　7.whatever　8.if/whether　9.Whichever　10.Whose　11.That

　　12．what　13.that/which；that　14.that　15.why　16.where　17.when　18.whether　19.whose

　　20．whether/if

　　Ⅱ.根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子

　　1．令球迷欣喜的是，那个年轻球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得太好了。

　　____________ was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.(delight)

　　2．最糟糕的想象就是相信一个人能够靠自己做任何事情。

　　The worst possible kind of imagination is a belief ____________．(by onself)

　　3．你知道它值多少钱吗？

　　Have you any idea ____________？(cost)

　　4．重要的不是你是否有能力做好一件事，而是你如何与他人合作。

　　What is important is not ____________ the ability to finish something，but ____________ with the other team members.(cooperate)

　　5．并不是因为事情难，我们不敢做，而是因为我们不敢做，事情才变得难。

　　It is ____________ that we do not dare，it is ____________ that things are difficult.

　　6．无论谁看不到这一点都会犯大错。

　　____________ will make a great mistake.(fail)

　　7．据宣布，所有的博物馆将在不久后重新开放。

　　____________ all the museums will be reopened soon.(announce)

　　8．他表达了想再次访问中国的愿望。

　　He expressed his hope ____________．(visit)

　　9．众所周知，哪儿有污染，哪儿就有伤害。

　　It is known to us all ____________，there is harm.(pollution)

　　10．问题在于这部电影是否值得一看。

　　The problem is ____________．(worth)

　　11．老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功的话就要相信我们所做的事，相信自己。

　　Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________________ and who we are if we want to succeed.(do)

　　12．我并不在意你是否有钱。

　　I don't care about ______________ or not.(have)

　　13．他清楚地表明他不会屈服。

　　He has made it clear ________________．(give)

　　14．我不能理解我为什么被拒绝了。

　　I couldn't understand ________________．(refuse)

　　15．她会告诉你她为什么要你来。

　　She will tell you ____________．(ask)

　　16．她坚持不被派到农村去。

　　She insisted ________________ the countryside.(send)

　　17．请弄清楚谁要来开音乐会，是否还有票。

　　Please find out ________________ a concert and whether the tickets are still available.(hold)

　　18．许多学生奋争进入这所重点大学的原因是这所学校的许多学生已被准许进入著名的大学。

　　The reason ________ many students fight hard to enter this key school is ________ many students in this school have been admitted to famous universities.

　　19．她的父母知道发生了什么，也知道她很着急。

　　Her parents know what happened and ________________．(worry)

　　20．他想知道他妈妈去哪儿了。

　　He wondered ________________．(where)

　　【答案】　1.What delighted the fans/made the fans delighted　2.that one can do anything by oneself　3.how much it costs　4.whether you have；how you will cooperate　5.not because things are difficult；because we do not dare　6.Whoever fails to see this

　　7．It is announced that　8.that he would visit China again　9.that where there is pollution　10.whether the film is worth seeing　11.what we do

　　12．whether you have money　13.that he will not give in　14.why I was refused　15.why she asked you to come　16.that she(should) not be sent to　17.who will come to hold　18.why；that　19.that she was worried　20.where his mother had gone