2017届吉林省蛟河市高三英语阅读理解训练（5）

　　2017吉林省蛟河市高考英语阅读理解暑假训练（5）及答案

　　阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　【浙江省2017高考英语模拟冲刺卷】

　　Below is a selection from a science report.

　　Even facts “forgotten” by people during a busy day may be got back again if this is followed by a good night's sleep.

　　Researchers from the University of Chicago asked volunteers to remember simple words. Many found their memories letting them down towards the end of the day, but the following morning, those who had slept well could remember much more.

　　Researchers, writing in the journal Nature, said the brain could “rescue” lost memories during the night.

　　When the brain is first asked to remember something, that memory is laid down in an “unstable” state, which means it is possible that it could be lost.

　　At some point, the brain consolidates (强化) those which are thought important into a “stable”, more permanent state.

　　However, the Chicago researchers suggested that it was possible for a “stable” memory to be made “unstable” again. This would mean that memories could be slightly changed and then be kept in a new order again in the face of new experiences.

　　The 12 volunteers who were tested in the experiment were asked to listen to words created through a speech synthesizer (语音合成器) which were purposely difficult to understand.

　　At the very beginning, the written version of the word was available, but afterwards the volunteers were asked to identify the word just depending on the sound they heard.

　　Tests showed that the ability to remember the right word tended to weaken as the day ended. However, when the volunteers were retested after a good night's sleep, they were able to recall some words that they had “forgotten” the previous evening.

　　Dr Daniel, one of the study authors, said “Sleep strengthens memories, protecting them against later interference (干扰) or decay (衰减).”

　　“Sleep also appears to ‘recover’ or restore memories.” He said “If the function of memory is reduced by decay, sleep might actively recover what has been lost.”

　　Dr Karim Nader, from the Department of Psychology in McGill University in Montreal, said “Memory research is experiencing a transformation -- no longer is memory thought to be a hardware of the brain, instead it seems to be a process of storage and re-storage. Sleep helps some memories ‘fully grown up’ and also removes unimportant memories.”

　　46. What tends to happen to a person at the end of the day according to the report?

　　A. He may feel tired.

　　B. He may feel sleepy.

　　C. His memory weakens.

　　D. His brain stops working.

　　47. What can be kept in one’s memory more permanently?

　　A. Something first remembered by the brain.

　　B. Something considered to be important by the brain.

　　C. Something reviewed by the brain during the night.

　　D. Something appearing in the brain last.

　　48. Which of the following is the correct order of what the volunteers did in the experiment?

　　a. distinguished words simply by their sounds

　　b. recalled the words they had heard at different times of the day

　　c. recalled the words they had heard the next morning

　　d. distinguished words by their sounds and their written version

　　A. abcd

　　B. dacb

　　C. bdca

　　D. dabc

　　49. From the report we can learn that ______.

　　A. memory differs from person to person B. good memory happens in the early morning

　　C. sleep affects memory D. memory fails at the end of a day

　　Passage B

　　【语篇解读】本文为科普文。文章通过对一个实验的介绍说明良好的睡眠有助于恢复“已忘”的记忆。

　　46．C．【解析】事实细节题。文中第二及第九段中均有说明。

　　47．B．【解析】事实细节题。文中第五段有具体说明。

　　48．D．【解析】事实细节题。根据文章对实验的描述可知。

　　49．C．【解析】主旨大意题。结合全文可知作者想要告诉读者的是“睡眠影响记忆”。

　　社会生活类

　　.

　　As a professor of business and government policy, I’ve long been interested in the pursuit of happiness as a national concept. According to surveys of thousands of people across the land, happy people are keys to making our nation healthy and strong. Happiness, in other words, is important for America. So when I came across data a couple of years ago saying that certain Americans were living in a manner that contributed to happiness—while others were not—I jumped on it.

　　I wanted to know which personal lifestyles and public policies would make us the happiest nation possible. I also wanted to know which of my own values, learned during my childhood and practiced during my career as a university professor, were the most concerned with happiness. First, just what is happiness? Most researchers agree that it involves an assessment of the good and bad in our lives. It’s the emotional balance sheet we keep that allows us to say honestly whether we’re living a happy life, in spite of bad things now and then.

　　You might guess that Americans are getting happier all the time. After all, many are getting richer, and this should make them better able and equipped to follow their dreams. On the other hand, there’s a lot of talk about the good old days, when kids could play outside without any worry about being kidnapped. And there’s a great deal of stress in this country right now, due to financial concerns, negative workplace environments, and health problems, among other pressing issues.

　　But average happiness levels in America have stayed largely constant for many years. In 1972, 30 percent of the population said they were very happy with their lives. In 1982, 31 percent said so, and in 2006, 31 percent said so as well. The percentage saying they were not too happy was generally stopping over at around 13 percent.

　　The factors that add up to a happy life for most people are not what we typically hear about. However, the key to happiness, and the difference between happy and unhappy Americans, is a life that reflects values and practices like faith, hard work, marriage, charity, and freedom.

　　1. The author intends to tell readers　.

　　A. why we need to be happy

　　B. what we should do for the country

　　C. how the people are getting happier

　　D. where the Americans like to stay for happiness

　　2. According to the text, what is happiness?

　　A. Our values being accepted by society.

　　B. The balance of our feelings in any situation.

　　C. The great material wealth we possess.

　　D. The contributions we have made for society.

　　3. From the text we can learn that　.

　　A. the American people are far happier than before

　　B. all the American people can realize their dreams in life

　　C. American public security used to be better than now

　　D. people felt more stressed in the past

　　4. The underlined word in the fourth paragraph means　.

　　A. growingB. decliningC. unchangedD. terrible

　　5. What will be talked about in the next part of the passage?

　　A. Winning the lottery can make a person happier.

　　B. Being offered a good job is the reason for happiness.

　　C. All kinds of reasons for not being happy.

　　D. Detailing values and practices like faith, hard work.

　　【参考答案】23.ABCCD　

　　【湖北省2017高考英语第二次联考试题】B

　　A growing number of Chinese are keeping their cash in their wallets this Lunar New Year as the traditional exchange of red packets of money is moving from the physical world into the digital space.

　　The tradition of giving cash gifts of “lucky money” (“hong bao” in Chinese) goes back centuries and can be particularly profitable for the young and the unmarried. As the country increasingly adopts online business and e-commerce models, tradition is taking a back seat to convenience as more and more lucky money receivers prefer to receive their money via electronic means. A recent study conducted by Shanghai-based Avanti Rhesearch Partner showed that 58% of respondents (调查对象) preferred their hong bao directly deposited into their accounts.

　　The country is becoming increasingly connected --- over 90% of 18 to 30 year olds in China own an Internet-connected smart phone, according to a Global Times survey published last year.

　　Of course, China’s Internet giants have not been slow to capitalize on this trend, with Shenzhen-based Tencent last week launching their “New Year Red Envelope” app (应用程序), an add-on to its popular WeChat messaging service. The company’s over 600 million WeChat users can send each other lucky money, provided both the sender and receiver have signed up to the company’s in-app payment service.

　　“I am really happy that I can use a new and fashionable way to send my holiday greetings to my family and friends, especially for people who have kids but live far away from us.” said Mr. Cheng, a user of the service.

　　The service reportedly banked 18 million RMB ($2.9 million) worth of transfers (转账) in its first 24 hours, according to a report in the Beijing Youth Daily newspaper.

　　While Tencent’s rival Alibaba also has a similar service, called Hong Bao, which launched last year, WeChat’s app allows users to randomly distribute up to 200 yuan ($33) within a group of friends, adding a fun element of unpredictability to the process.

　　Some analysts believe that linking the payments to WeChat’s in-app payment service could be a game-changer, as it simplifies the process of paying for micro dealings, potentially making users more likely to make in-app purchases in the future.

　　“The tradition of giving red packets is a symbolic gesture,” said Steve Wang, Chief Economist, Reorient Group. “It’s a new way to get people more comfortable dealing with money online, to expand their user base. It combines the old and the new, and is a great example of the kind of creative idea that we’re seeing come out of China these days.”

　　55. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. The competition for the online business is increasing.

　　B. New Year luck money goes online.

　　C. Electronic commerce has changed the way of trade.

　　D. The tradition of giving lucky money is out of fashion.

　　56. Compared to the Alibaba’s Hong Bao service, WeChat’s app _______.

　　A. can send lucky money to any friend of the users quickly

　　B. links the messaging service and payment service together

　　C. permits the users to distribute money in a friend circle randomly

　　D. is more unpredictable during the process of money transfer

　　57. Some analysts think _______.

　　A. WeChat’s app makes online payment easier

　　B. Tencent has beaten Alibaba in online business

　　C. Exchanging red packets online is a new game

　　D. Users of Wechat’s app can make more friends

　　58. In the opinion of Steve Wang, _______.

　　A. it’s a creative way to send lucky money via electronic means

　　B. sending money to others makes people uncomfortable

　　C. sending red packets is a symbol of friendliness

　　D. WeChat’s app is more useful to parents than to kids

　　较难题目特训：科普知识类-

　　Eating foods high in trans-fats (fats present in artificial form in industrially-produced cakes and fast food...) and saturated (饱和的) fats increases the risk of depression, according to a Spanish study, confirming previous studies that linked “junk food” with the disease. Researchers also showed that some products, such as olive oil, can fight against the risk of mental illness.

　　Authors of the wide-reaching study, from the universities of Navarra and Las Palmas, followed and analyzed the diet and lifestyle of over l2,000 volunteers over six years. When the study began, none of the participants had been diagnosed with depression; by the end, 657 of them were new sufferers.

　　“Participants with an increased consumption of trans-fats presented up to a 48 percent increase in the risk of depression when they were compared to participants who did not consume these fats,” the head study author said. “The more trans-fats were consumed, the greater harmful effect they produced in the volunteers.”

　　The research team found, at the same time, that after assessing the effect of polyunsaturated fats made up of larger amounts of fish and vegetable oils and olive oil, these products are associated with a lower risk of suffering depression.

　　The report, published in the online journal PLOS ONE, noted the research was performed on a European population that enjoys a relatively low intake of trans-fats—making up only 0.4 percent of the total energy taken in by the volunteers. “Despite this, we observed an increase in the risk of suffering depression of nearly 50 percent,” said researcher Miguel Martinez. “On this basis we think it of great importance to take this effect into account in countries like the United States, where the percentage of energy derived from these fats is around 2.5 percent.”

　　The report pointed out that the current number of depression sufferers in the world is around l50 million people, and has increased in recent years. This rise is attributable, according to the authors, “to great changes in the sources of fats consumed in Western diets, where we have replaced certain types of beneficial fats in nuts, vegetable oils and fish with the saturated and trans-fats found in meats, butter and other products such as mass-produced cakes and fast food.”

　　71. What' s the best title of the text?

　　A. Junk Food and DepressionB. Depression Prevention

　　C. Types of Fats and DepressionD. Depression Research

　　72. Which of the following increases the risk of suffering depression?

　　A. Fish.B. Vegetable oil.C. Olive oil.D. Butter.

　　73. The study tells us that _____.

　　A. 2.5% Americans suffer mental illness

　　B. l2,000 volunteers in Navarra took part

　　C. a minority of participants became new sufferers

　　D. l50 million Europeans enjoy a healthier lifestyle

　　74. The underlined word “derived” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to______.

　　A. obtainedB. chosenC. separatedD. preserved

　　75. More and more Westerners are suffering depression because________.

　　A. they have less time for exercise

　　B. they eat more nuts, vegetable oils and fish

　　C. the sources of fats in their diets have changed

　　D. less meat, butter, and cakes are included in their diets

　　【参考答案】2. 71-75 ADCAC