2017届山西省阳城县高考英语阅读理解一轮优选训练（3）

　　山西省阳城县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮优选练习（3）及答案

　　【2017高考复习】阅读理解Areas of Tokyo which had usually been packed with office workers like sushi(寿司) restaurants and noodle shops were unusually quiet. Many schools were closed. Companies allowed workers to stay home. Long queues formed at airports.

　　As Japanese authorities struggled to avoid disaster at an earthquake­battered nuclear plant 240 km to the north, parts of Tokyo resembled a ghost town. Many people stocked up on food and stayed indoors or simply left, transforming one of the world's biggest and most

　　populated cities into a shell of its usual self.

　　“Look, it's like Sunday —no cars in town，” said Kazushi Arisawa, a 62­year­old taxi driver, as he waited

　　for more than an hour outside an office tower where he usually finds customers within minutes. “I can't make

　　money today. ”

　　Radiation in Tokyo has been negligible,_ briefly touching three times the normal rate on Tuesday, smaller than a dental X­ray. On Wednesday, winds over the Fukushima (福岛) nuclear­power plant blew out to sea,

　　keeping levels close to normal. But that does little to relieve public anxiety about a 40­year­old nuclear plant with three reactors in partial meltdown (熔毁)and a

　　fourth with spent atomic fuel exposed to the atmosphere after last Friday's earthquake and tsunami.

　　“Radiation moves faster than we do，” said Steven Swanson, a 43­year­old American who moved to Tokyo in December with his Japanese wife to help with her family business.He is staying indoor but is tempted to leave.“It's scary.It's a triple threat with the earthquake, tsunami and the nuclear radiation leaks.It makes you wonder what's next. ”

　　【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了日本的核辐射泄露对人们造成的影响。

　　1．The text is mainly about________.

　　A．the earthquake that happened in March

　　B．the government's effort to avoid disaster

　　C．the effects of the nuclear radiation leaks

　　D．the earthquake­battered nuclear­power plant

　　解析　主旨大意题。整篇文章介绍了日本的核辐射泄露对人们造成的影响。故选C项。

　　答案　C

　　2．What did Kazushi Arisawa mean?

　　A．There're usually more cars on Sundays.

　　B．He didn't care much about nuclear radiation.

　　C．He preferred to stay at home on Sundays.

　　D．He couldn't find many customers.

　　解析　细节理解题。从文章第三段的“as he waited for more than an hour outside an office tower where he usually finds customers within minutes.‘I can't make money today.’”看出答案。

　　答案　D

　　3．The underlined word “negligible”in Paragraph 4 most probably means________.

　　A．serious

　　B．slight

　　C．normal

　　D. average

　　解析　词义猜测题。从下文的“smaller than a dental X­ray”看出答案。

　　答案　B

　　4．What can we learn about the Fukushima nuclearpower plant from the text?

　　A．It lies to the south of Tokyo.

　　B．It

　　started to operate about fifty years ago.

　　C．It was damaged in the earthquake and tsunami.

　　D．All its four reactors are now well under control.

　　解析　推理题。从文章第四段的“a 40­year­old nuclear plant

　　with three reactors in partial meltdown (熔毁)and a

　　fourth with spent atomic fuel exposed to the atmosphere

　　after last Friday's earthquake and tsunami”看出答案。

　　答案　C

　　阅读理解Research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment.Children’s relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success in school，and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school，becoming depressed and other problems.

　　Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s Play

　　When 6­year­old Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday

　　morning，her

　　eyes immediately

　　scanned

　　the playground for her friend Abbie.“Though they were only separated by a weekend，the girls ran right into each other’s arms and hugged，”recalls Rachel’s mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert.“It was like a scene from a movie.”

　　Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child.Experts agree that friendship is not simply child’s play，but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.

　　A Skill for Life

　　“Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground

　　for

　　adulthood，”

　　says

　　Dr.Robbie

　　Adler­Tapia，psychologist with the Center for Children’s Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.

　　Researcher William Hartup states，“Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive

　　(认知的) development.”

　　Hartup

　　concludes

　　that

　　the

　　single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior，but rather，how well a child gets along with other children.

　　The

　　work

　　of

　　Arizona

　　State

　　University

　　professor

　　of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.

　　Good Friendships Don’t Just Happen

　　Experts agree that it is essential for children to establish high­quality

　　friendships.But，researchers

　　warn，these friendships don’t necessarily just happen.Often，a good friendship begins with involved parents.

　　Psychologist Dr.Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.

　　Bad Company

　　Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their child’s friendships.“When she was in 1st grade，her supposed ‘best friend’ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her，” says Mindy Miller.“My daughter wasn’t allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class.It really crushed her spirit.I told my daughter she didn’t need a ‘friend’ like that.”

　　“I’ll bend over backwards to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him，” Adler­Tapia says.“I don’t look at it as manipulation (操纵)，just positive parental involvement.”

　　【语篇解读】　研究表明，童年时期的友谊对孩子的将来有着非常重要的意义。

　　5．The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to illustrate that________.

　　A．childhood friendship is of great significance to their growth

　　B．a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems

　　C．it is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life

　　D．Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of

　　their separation of one weekend

　　解析　细节理解题。文中六岁的Rachel与她的朋友Abbie之间的友谊例证了本部分的标题Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s Play，再结合文章首句可知应选A项。

　　答案　A

　　6．The underlined word “detrimental” could be replaced by________.

　　A．aggressive B．disappointing

　　C．ridiculous D．harmful

　　解析　词义猜测题。根据文中的“The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.”可知，“detrimental”与句中的“beneficial”相对应，因此“detrimental”与“harmful”同义。

　　答案　D

　　7．We can learn from the passage that high­quality friendship most probably results from______.

　　A．social skills and good study habits

　　B．school grades and classroom behaviors

　　C．academic success and social adaptation

　　D．positive parental involvement and social skills

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Good Friendships Don’t Just Happen中的“a good friendship begins with involved parents”与“kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading”可知，D项正确。

　　答案　D

　　8．From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr.Robbie Adler­Tapia agrees that________.

　　A．parents should regard making friends as something that just happens

　　B．it’s wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships

　　C．parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situations

　　D．parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can

　　解析　推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句可推知，父母应该在孩子交友的问题上给予指导，避免其受到不良影响，因此选B。

　　答案　B

　　Recently we told you about a finding that more years of school could help students get higher

　　scores on intelligence tests．That was the finding of a study of teenage males in Norway．Now，other research shows that physical activity may help students do better in their classes .

　　The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education．They are using the time instead for academic subjects like maths and reading．The studies appeared between 2007 and 2017．They included more than 55，000 children，aged 6 to 18．

　　Amika Singh：“Based on the results of our study，we can conclude that being physically active is beneficial for academic performance. There are，first，Physiological explanations，like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brain．Being physically active means there are more hormones(荷尔蒙)produced like endorphins(内啡肽)．And endorphins make your stress level lower and

　　your mood improved, which means you also perform better.”

　　Also，students involved in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them．This could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their work．

　　The study leaves some questions unanswered，however．Ms．Stash says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvement．This is because of differences among the studies .

　　Also．they were mostly observational studies．An observational study is where researchers do not do controlled comparisons．They only describe what they observe．So they might observe a link that students who are more active often have better grades．But that does not necessarily mean being active was the cause of those higher grades．

　　The researchers said they found only two high - quality studies．They called for more high-

　　quality studies to confirm their findings．They also pointed out that “outcomes for other parts of the world may be quite different. ”

　　Still，the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school．Ms．Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs．Her paper on “Physical Activity and Performance at School”is published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine．

　　72．The passage mainly tells us that ＿＿＿＿

　　A．a research on physical education has been done by the researchers

　　B．there exists a possibility that physical activity leads to higher grades

　　C．the amount or kind of activity directly affects academic level

　　D．the research shows that the children aged 6 to 1 8 don't do sports

　　73．Which of the following is TRUE?

　　A．Being mentally active is good for academic subjects．

　　B．The more hormones you have，the more stressed you will get．

　　C．They have found many high-quality studies to prove the research．

　　D．The educators in the research think studies，not exercise，mean much to students．

　　74．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 probably means ＿＿＿＿.

　　A．good marks result from high-quality study

　　B．findings probably vary in different areas

　　C．physical activity will spread all over the world

　　D．academic performance depends on the surroundings

　　75．What's the purpose of writing the passage?

　　A．To call our attention to the sports at school．

　　B．To introduce all types of physical activities．

　　C．To represent the academic performance．

　　D．To improve students' health ．

　　【参考答案】72—75、BDBA

　　A

　　Temperature is measured by means of a thermometer (温度计). One general form of thermometer depends upon the fact that most solids and liquids expand as their temperature rises. There are one or two exceptions. There is, for instance, a kind of steel called invar (from “invariable”) which does not change its dimensions as temperature changes; it is valuable for making pendulums (钟摆), since, if the length of a pendulum changes, its time of vibration changes. It is also used for making very accurate measuring scales. In both cases, then, changes of atmospheric temperature have no effect if invar is used.

　　Another exception is that very odd liquid, water, which has many strange properties (特性). As water gets colder it contracts, which is ordinary behavior, until it reaches the temperature of 30℃. above freezing point. After that, as it gets colder, it expands. This is fortunate---for considering the freezing of a pond. As the water on top gets colder, it shrinks; and so, volume for volume, it becomes heavier and sinks. This goes on until all the pond is at 30℃, but after that, as the water becomes colder it expands. Therefore the colder water stays on top and freezes, covering the pond with ice. If the water went on contracting down to the freezing point, the pond would become a solid block of ice in the end. This would not worry people who live in hot climates, but it would be very serious for those who live in cold climates, especially for those who want to break the ice and catch fish which live in the cold water beneath.

　　1. Invar is valuable for making pendulums because _______.

　　A. it can hardly change its shape or size as temperature changes.

　　B. it will change its dimensions without the change of temperature.

　　C. its time of vibration doesn’t change if its length changes.

　　D. its time of vibration does not change if its length changes.

　　2. As water gets colder after reaching the temperature of 30℃. it will _______.

　　A. contract

　　B. shrink

　　C. expand

　　D. freeze

　　3. Which of the following statements is true, according to this passage?

　　A. Only invar can be used to make a thermometer.

　　B. Only water can be used to make a thermometer.

　　C. Both invar and water can be used to make a thermometer.

　　D. Neither invar nor water can be used to make a thermometer.

　　4. The best title of this passage is most likely to be

　　_____.

　　A. Temperature Measurement

　　B. Two Exceptions

　　C. Uses of Invar

　　D. Properties of Water

　　【参考答案】1—4、ACDB

　　阅读理解-------D

　　Lots of people have hobbies. Some people collect old coins or foreign stamps; some do needlework; others spend most of their spare time on a particular sport.

　　A lot of people enjoy reading. But reading tastes differ widely. Some people only read newspapers or comics, some like reading novels, while others prefer books on astronomy, wildlife, or technological discoveries.

　　If I happen to be interested in horses or precious stones, I cannot expect everyone else to share my enthusiasm. If I watch all the sports programs on TV with great pleasure, I must put up with the fact that other people find sports boring.

　　Is there nothing that interests us all? Is there nothing that concerns everyone—no matter who they are or where they live in the world? Yes, dear Sophie, there are questions that certainly should interest everyone. They are precisely the questions this course is about.

　　What is the most important thing in life? If we ask someone living on the edge of starvation, the answer is food. If we ask someone dying of cold, the answer is warmth. If we put the same question to someone who feels lonely and isolated, the answer will probably be the company of other people.

　　But when these basic needs have been satisfied—will there still be something that everybody needs? Philosophers think so. They believe that man cannot live by bread alone. Of course everyone needs food. And everyone needs love and care. But there is something else—apart from that—which everyone needs, and that is to figure out who we are and why we are here.

　　Being interested in why we are here is not a “casual” interest like collecting stamps. People who ask such questions are taking part in a debate that has gone on as long as man has lived on this planet. How the universe, the earth, and life came into being is a bigger and more important question than who won the most gold medals in the last Olympics.

　　13. This text is most probably taken from __________.

　　A. a research paper

　　B. a course schedule

　　C. a personal letter

　　D. a book review

　　14. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Philosophical questions are as interesting as collecting stamps.

　　B. Thinking about philosophical questions is a serious interest.

　　C. Figuring out who we are and why we are here is man’s basic needs.

　　D. Philosophy has universal appeal and concerns everybody in nature.

　　15. The author believes that __________.

　　A. no existing subject can interest everyone in the world

　　B. different people may have different interests and concerns

　　C. everyone has to figure out who we are and why we are here

　　D. people in modern society pay more attention to philosophical questions

　　【参考答案】13—15、CDC