2017届湖北省高三英语一轮复习学案：Unit 4《Astronomy：the science of the stars》（人教版必修3）

　　必修三

　　Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars

　　晨背三部曲（名词性从句　经典佳句　

　　1．我猜你真正想说的是最近你无事可做。

　　I guess what you were really trying to say is that you've got nothing to do these days.

　　2．然而最新消息显示她17岁的女儿已被哈佛和耶鲁大学录取。

　　However, the latest news shows that her 17­year­old daughter was admitted into Harvard and Yale University.

　　3．的确，我们周围有许多人，不管他们想做什么都能出类拔萃。

　　Indeed, there are so many people around us who can excel in whatever

　　they want to do.

　　4．他以为父母讨厌他并且那就是他们将他留在寄宿制学校的原因。

　　He thought his parents hated him and that that

　　was why they left him in a boarding school.

　　5．现在，有一种现象，越来越多的中学生在网上开办自己的博客。

　　Nowadays, there is a phenomenon that more and more high school students open their own blogs on the Internet.

　　句式仿写

　　1．Besides, it is what_my_father_sent_to_me (爸爸送给我的) on my birthday.

　　2．25% of my classmates hold_the_view_that (持……观点) doing part­time jobs will help one gain work experience and learn more of the society.

　　Ⅰ.词海拾贝

　　基础记忆

　　1．system

　　n．　系统；体系；制度

　　2．theory

　　n.

　　学说；理论

　　3．atmosphere

　　n.

　　大气层；气氛

　　4．fundamental

　　adj.

　　基本的；基础的

　　5．thus

　　adv.

　　因此；于是

　　6．puzzle

　　vt.& vi.

　　(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.

　　谜；难题

　　7．gentle

　　adj.

　　温和的；文雅的

　　8．crash

　　vi.& vt.

　　碰撞；坠落

　　9．pull

　　n．& vt.

　　拉(力)；拖；牵引力

　　10．float

　　vi.& vt.

　　(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n.

　　漂浮物

　　11．unlike

　　prep.不同；不像→like

　　vt.喜欢 prep.相像的→likely

　　adj.可能的

　　12．violent

　　adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence

　　n．暴力→violently

　　adv.暴力地；猛烈地

　　13．harmful

　　adj.有害的→harm

　　n．& v．伤害→harmless

　　adj.无害的

　　14．exist

　　vi.存在；生存→existence

　　n．存在；生存

　　语境记忆

　　15．A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱)．(violence) (2017·浙江阅读C)

　　16．This object gives off harmful gases. They may do harm to our health. You must make the object harmless before you use it.(harm)

　　17. Do you believe in the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)

　　篇章记忆

　　With the development of astronomy, people know more about the fundamental theory of climate, atmosphere and the globe.Now more and more satellites and spaceships have been sent up into space where there's no oxygen or gravity.

　　Ⅱ.短语互译

　　1.及时；终于in_time

　　2．轮到某人；接着

　　in_one's_turn

　　3．阻止；制止

　　prevent_..._from

　　4．感到高兴；感到振奋

　　cheer_up

　　5．突发；爆发

　　break_out

　　6．watch out for

　　密切注意；当心；提防

　　7．lay eggs

　　下蛋

　　8．give birth to

　　产生；分娩

　　9．now that

　　既然

　　10．block out

　　挡住(光线)

　　Ⅲ.句型一览

　　1.so ... that ... 如此……以至于……

　　The earth became_so_violent_that (变得如此猛烈以至于) it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

　　2．“make it possible to do sth.”结构

　　This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop (使生命的生长发育成为一种可能)．

　　3．“倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”句型

　　But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as_on_the_earth (是地球上的两倍远) and fell over.

　　4．now that引导的原因状语从句

　　Walking does need a bit of practice now_that_gravity_has_changed (既然地球引力已发生了变化)．

　　Ⅳ.语法自测——主语从句完成句子

　　1．What_amazed_me_most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his foot.(amaze)

　　最令我惊讶的是，这个在车祸中失去双臂的小男孩能够用脚使用钢笔。

　　2．That_he_was_caught_cheating/His_being_caught_cheating in the exam made his headteacher very angry.(catch)

　　他被抓住考试作弊令班主任很生气。

　　3．What_is_well_known_to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions.(know)

　　我应该说，众所周知：要长学问，就得多问。

　　4．It is shown that_men_have_twice_as_many_serious_accidents as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics.(have)

　　最近的数据表明，男士在开车时发生的严重事故平均是女士的两倍。

　　5．So far, how_they_will_solve_the_serious_problem has not been decided.(solve)

　　目前为止，他们将怎样解决这个严重的问题还没有决定。

　　1.exist

　　vi.存在；生存

　　(1)exist in　存在于……中

　　exist on

　　靠……生活/生存

　　There exists/existed ...

　　某地有……

　　(2)existence

　　n.

　　存在；生活

　　in existence

　　现存的；现有的

　　come into existence

　　产生；成立；开始存在

　　①China continues to make sincere efforts to properly handle the differences that exist with some of its neighbors.

　　中国继续做出真诚的努力，妥善处理与一些邻国之间存在的分歧。

　　②There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen.(2011·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)

　　各家各户和他们的送奶人之间存在一种亲密的关系。

　　【对点练习】

　　介词填空

　　①They can't exist on the money he's earning.

　　②No one knows how this world came into existence.

　　③Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist in his mind.

　　④The Imperial Palace in Beijing has been in existence for more than 500 years.

　　2.puzzle

　　n．谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难

　　(1)be in a puzzle about sth.　对某事迷惑不解

　　(2)puzzle sb.

　　使某人为难

　　be puzzled by

　　被……迷惑

　　puzzle about/over sth.

　　苦苦思索；仔细琢磨

　　(3)puzzling

　　adj.

　　令人困惑的

　　puzzled

　　adj.

　　感到困惑的

　　What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.

　　令我百思不解的是他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。

　　②Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didn't understand what I said.

　　她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。【对点练习】

　　完成句子

　　①I knew which piece

　　of work was most urgent, while his explanation only made me more_puzzled_about/over it than ever.(puzzle)

　　我知道哪件工作最紧迫，然而他这一说反而让我对此感到更迷惑了。

　　②What_puzzled_me_most was the puzzling question he put forward.(puzzle)

　　最让我疑惑不解的是他提出的那个令人疑惑的问题。

　　③The student was somewhat puzzled_about/over_what_to_do next, but then at last the penny dropped.(puzzle)

　　这个学生对下一步做什么有点伤透脑筋，但最终明白了。

　　3.in time及时；终于；迟早

　　①If you keep on, you will succeed in time.

　　如果坚持下去，总有一天你会成功的。

　　(1)in time for ... 后接名词，意为“刚好赶上……”。

　　in time to do sth.　及时做某事

　　(2)in no time

　　立刻；马上

　　at no time

　　决不

　　at a time

　　每次；一次

　　at one time

　　曾经；一度

　　at the same time

　　同时

　　from time to time

　　有时；偶尔

　　②The car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident.

　　汽车及时停下了，避免了一起事故。

　　③At one time, half the land on the earth's surface was covered by forest.

　　曾经，地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆盖。

　　【对点练习】

　　根据英汉提示完成小片段

　　①我曾一度对滑冰十分痴迷，然而却时而摔在冰面上，但是我知道如果缺乏训练我绝对不会熟练。

　　At_one_time I grew crazy about skating. However, I fell onto the ground from_time_to_time,_but I knew that I would at_no_time be skilled if I lacked practice.

　　【真题印证】

　　②(2017·江苏高考)—Thank God you're safe!

　　—I stepped back, just ________ to avoid the racing car.

　　A．in timeB．in case

　　C．in need

　　D．in vain

　　解析：选A　考查介词短语辨析。句意：“谢天谢地，你安全了！”“我向后退了一步，正好及时避开了赛车。”in time“及时”；in case“万一，假使”；in need“需要”；in vain“徒劳，无济于事”。根据句意可知A项正确。

　　4.in one's turn轮到某人；接着

　　①I will, in my turn, clean the window next week.

　　下周将轮到我擦窗户了。

　　in turn依次；轮流；反之；反过来

　　by turns

　　轮流；交替地

　　take turns to do sth.

　　轮流做某事

　　It is one's turn to do sth.

　　轮到某人做某事

　　②All theories come from practice and in turn serve practice.

　　所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。

　　③Now it is your turn to look after the children.

　　现在轮到你照看孩子们了。

　　【关键一点】　by turns是“交替，轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如表示“按顺序”则应用in turn。

　　【对点练习】

　　用turn的相关短语完成下列句子

　　①你们不能全体一起上，你们得轮流做。

　　You can't all do it together; you'll have to take_turns.

　　②人们试图使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这造成更多的问题。

　　People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn creates more problems.

　　③轮到我的时候，我买走了最后一张CD。

　　I bought the last CD in_my_turn.

　　5.prevent ... from阻止；制止

　　prevent/stop/keep ... from doing sth.

　　　阻止……做某事

　　protect ... from

　　保护……不受……侵袭；挡住；防御

　　keep ... doing sth.

　　使……一直做某事

　　①His advice prevented/kept/stopped me from making a serious mistake.

　　他的忠告使我免于犯严重的错误。

　　②He wears sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.

　　他戴墨镜保护眼睛使其免受太阳光的伤害。

　　【关键一点】　

　　(1)prevent/stop/keep sb./sth. from doing sth.表示“制止/阻止/防止某人或某物做某事”，它们常可以互换。

　　(2)prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.和stop sb./sth. from doing sth.中的from常可省略，但用于被动语态时from不能省略。

　　(3)keep sb./sth. from doing sth.中的from不可省略。

　　【对点练习】

　　完成句子

　　①I was_prevented_from going there by urgent business last week.(prevent)

　　上周我因急事不能去那里。

　　②I'm very sorry to_have_kept_you_waiting for a long time.(keep)

　　很抱歉让您等了那么久。

　　③The new rule will keep_him_from_leaving the small country.(keep)

　　这条新规则将会阻止他离开这个小国家。

　　6.cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋

　　cheer sb. up　使某人振作起来

　　cheer sb. on

　　(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油

　　Cheers!

　　[口语](用于祝酒)干杯！

　　①Feeling blue about the world？Cheer up.(湖北高考)

　　对世界感到沮丧吗？振作起来。

　　②The audience stood up to cheer on their team Guangzhou Evergrande Football Team.

　　观众们站起来为他们的球队广州恒大足球队欢呼加油。

　　【关键一点】　cheer up既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。

　　【对点练习】

　　用cheer的相关短语完成下列句子

　　①我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！

　　I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely!

　　②赛跑进入最后一圈时，观众为选手加油喝彩。

　　The crowd cheered_the_runners_on as they started the last lap.

　　【基础点专练】

　　①unlike prep.　不同；不像adj.

　　不同的；不相似的

　　something like

　　几分像……

　　It's like/unlike sb. to do sth.

　　做某事实在像/不像某人

　　dislike vt.

　　不喜欢；讨厌

　　fundamental adj.

　　根本的；基本的；基础的；必不可少的

　　be fundamental to ...

　　是……的基础

　　③harmful adj.

　　有害的

　　be harmful to sb./sth.

　　对某人/某物有害

　　对某人有害

　　④now that

　　既然

　　引导原因状语从句，相当于since。

　　⑤watch out

　　密切注视；当心；提防

　　watch over

　　看守；照顾

　　watch out for

　　密切注视(某物或某人)

　　　【对点练习】

　　　结合以上词语完成下列句子

　　　①空气污染会加剧，而且这会对人们造成危害，例如，它可以引发癌症。

　　Air pollution will get worse and this will be_harmful_to_people;_for example, it can cause cancer.

　　②这里来往的车辆开得很快，我们必须小心。

　　We have to watch_out_for fast traffic along here.

　　③和他兄弟不同，他有种幽默感。

　　Unlike_his_brother,_he has a good sense of humor.

　　④既然大家都到了，我们可以开始开会了。

　　Now_that_everybody_is_here,_we can begin the meeting.

　　⑤众所周知，水对于生存是必不可少的。

　　As we know, water is_fundamental_to survival.

　　1.This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible for life to_develop.

　　这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。

　　【句型透视】(1)这是“make it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth.”句型。该句型中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。

　　People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.

　　在西方，人们常在圣诞节购买礼物给亲朋好友。

　　(2)it作形式宾语，除指代不定式结构外，还可指代that引导的宾语从句。

　　They made it clear to the public that they did an important and necessary job.

　　他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。

　　(3)make复合结构的主要用法如下：

　　The noise in the school makes learning difficult.

　　学校里的吵闹声让人很难安心学习。

　　【对点练习】

　　用所给动词的适当形式填空

　　①The fact that she was foreign made it difficult for her to_get (get) a job in that country.

　　②The boss made us work (work) for him 16 hours a day.

　　③The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard (hear).

　　2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.

　　而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

　　　【句型透视】twice as far as ...是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”，其中as far as ...意为“远到……”。

　　英语中常见的倍数表达法：

　　This table is twice bigger than that one.

　　＝ This table is three times as big as that one.

　　＝ This table is three times the size of that one.

　　这张桌子是那张的3倍大。

　　The world's population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.

　　目前世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。

　　【对点练习】

　　完成句子

　　①The living room of the house is double_the_length_of the bedroom, which suits the family pretty well.(double)

　　这个房子的起居室是卧室长度的两倍，这很合家庭成员的意。

　　②If you hadn't taken the road guided by the GPS, you wouldn't_get_stuck_in the mud now.(stick)

　　如果你不走那条由GPS指引的路，你现在就不会陷在泥里了。

　　Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空

　　Last year, one of the plants exploded violently (violent), and the local people got into a great panic.

　　2．There were many fish floating (float) in the river because of the serious pollution.

　　3．He contrasted the two different economic systems (system) in his speech.

　　4．Many people are aware of the harmful (harm) effects of smoking.

　　5．Everyone was a bit puzzled (puzzle) by her sudden departure.

　　6．Sudan came into existence (exist) at the end of the 1800s.

　　7．She tapped him gently (gentle) on the shoulder.

　　8．The present (presence) situation cannot be allowed to continue.

　　Ⅱ.选词填空

　　on

　　1．There exist many plants along the river.

　　2．Some of them have done_great_harm_to the environment.

　　3．Hearing that some measures had been taken in time to prevent the pollution from getting bad to worse, they all cheered up.

　　4．There is a_chance that these plants will be moved next year.

　　5．Now_that everyone agrees to the plan, let's start for Shanghai next weekend.

　　6．The new bridge is three_times_the_width_of that one built last year.

　　7．We feel_it_our_duty to make our country a better place.

　　8．When the war broke_out,_the two countries broke off their diplomatic relations.

　　9．An ugly building blocked_out the view from the window.

　　Ⅲ.根据汉语提示，选用练习Ⅰ、Ⅱ中的句子，加入适当过渡词后联句成篇

　　1．在这条河流的两岸有许多工厂。

　　2．有些已经对环境造成损害。

　　3．去年，有家工厂曾经发生剧烈的爆炸。

　　4．当地人们都陷入到巨大的恐慌中。

　　5．听到已经及时采取措施阻止污染的进一步恶化，他们都感到兴奋。

　　6．有可能明年这些工厂会搬走。

　　There exist many plants along the river, some of which have done great harm to the environment. Last year, one of them exploded violently; as a result, the local people got into a great panic. Hearing that some measures had been taken in time to prevent the pollution from getting bad to worse, they all cheered up.More importantly, there is a chance that these plants will be moved next year.

　　Ⅰ.多项选择

　　1．(2017·武汉调研)In the chairman's speech, he expressed his doubt about whether Japan would ________ the difficulties caused by the earthquake in a short period.

　　A．look through 　B．pull through

　　C．go through

　　D．sit through

　　解析：选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：在主持人的发言中，他表达了对日本能否在短期内度过地震引起的困难的怀疑。pull through“做成(十分困难的事)”。look through“浏览”；go through“经历”；sit through“坐到……结束”。

　　2．Although he knows that smoking is ________ to his health, he just can't resist it, especially when he meets some problems needing thinking.

　　A．harmful

　　B．additional

　　C．beneficial

　　D．useful

　　解析：选A　句意：虽然他知道吸烟对他健康不好，可他就是抵制不了，尤其是当他碰到一些需要思考的问题时。 harmful“有害的”；additional“另外的”；beneficial“有益的”；useful“有用的”。

　　3．(2017·荆州调研)We agreed that both sides must work to strengthen greater trust and confidence, which, ________， will bring more cooperation.

　　A．in time

　　B．in turn

　　C．in return

　　D．in total

　　解析：选B　考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们达成协议，双方必须努力增强更大的信任和信心，这反过来必将带来更多的合作。in time“及时；终于”；in turn“转而”；in return“作为回报”；in total“总计”。只有B项符合句意。

　　4．America and China need to trust one another and ________ misunderstanding, which benefits world peace.

　　A．prevent

　　B．permit

　　C．puzzle

　　D．multiply

　　解析：选A　考查动词辨析。句意：美国和中国应该信任彼此防止误解，这有益于世界和平。prevent“防止”；permit“允许；准许”；puzzle“使迷惑；使为难”，multiply“增加”。根据句意选A。

　　5．(2017·黄石高三质检)The monthly sales of Mo Yan's works ________ 199 times compared with those before he won the Nobel Prize for Literature.

　　A．accelerated

　　B．stretched

　　C．multiplied

　　D．switched

　　解析：选C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：与获诺贝尔文学奖之前相比，莫言的作品每月的销售量增加了199倍。A项意为“加速；促进”；B项意为“伸开；伸展；张开”；C项意为“乘；增加”；D项意为“转换；切换”。根据空格后的“199 times”并结合选项的词义可知，multiplied符合语境。故答案选C。

　　6．Maria was able to ________ the family by teaching them to sing lively songs.

　　A．take up

　　B．bring up

　　C．cheer up

　　D．build up

　　解析：选C　句意：玛丽亚有能力通过教他们唱轻快的歌曲使整个家庭振作起来。cheer up “使振奋；打起精神”。take up“占据；从事”；bring up“教育；养育；提出”；build up“树立；增进”。

　　7．I admire Stephen Hawking greatly, whose ________about black holes has a great effect on astronomy.

　　A．theory

　　B．practice

　　C．approach

　　D．method

　　解析：选A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我非常钦佩史蒂芬·霍金，他的黑洞理论对天文学产生了很大影响。theory“理论”；practice“练习”；approach“方法”；method“方法”。

　　8．If the________interests of the workers are not considered, they'll go on strike next week.

　　A．fundamental

　　B．environmental

　　C．spiritual

　　D．punctual

　　解析：选A　 考查形容词辨析。句意：如果工人的基本利益不被考虑，他们将于下周举行罢工。fundamental“基本的，根本的”；environmental“环境的”；spiritual“精神的”；punctual“准时的”。

　　9．Bob felt a strong, almost ________， dislike for the stranger who behaved in a very rude manner.

　　A．fundamental

　　B．genuine

　　C．harmful

　　D．violent

　　解析：选D　根据“the stranger who behaved in a very rude manner”可知，这个陌生人是极其令人讨厌的，故选violent。

　　10．It was almost midnight when a fire ________ in the neighborhood.

　　A．blocked out

　　B．turned out

　　C．broke out

　　D．died out

　　解析：选C　根据fire可知在此用break out表示“突发，爆发”。block out“阻止”；turn out“结果是”；die out“灭绝，逐渐消失”，均不符合语境。

　　.完成句子

　　1．(2017·武汉调研)Whoever_is_confident is always energetic and is more likely to succeed.(whoever)

　　凡是自信的人总是精力充沛，并且更有可能获得成功。

　　2．(2017·黄冈中学模拟)The days are becoming shorter and shorter now_that_autumn_is_here.(now)

　　秋天来到了，白天渐渐短了。

　　3．(2017·武昌区调研)Yesterday, in his speech, he made_it_clear that all he had done was not for the benefit of himself but for all the staff in his company.(make)

　　他在昨天的讲话中表明，他所做的一切不是为了他自己，而是为了公司的全体员工。

　　4．(2017·湖北省部分重点中学联考)It_never_occurred_to_him that he would be reduced to such a sorry state.(occur)

　　他从未想到过自己会沦落到如此境地。

　　5．(2017·荆州调研)Mr.Hilton is very pleased with the newly built house, which is almost twice_the_size_of the one he used to live in.(size)

　　希尔顿先生对这所新建的房子很满意，它几乎比他以前所住的那间大两倍。

　　6．That_we_should_keep_calm does matter in case of emergency.(keep)

　　在紧急情况下我们应该保持镇定，这很重要。

　　7．It's reported that the output of this year is three_times_what_it_was in 2017.(what)

　　据报道，今年的产量是2017年的三倍。

　　8．Before you decide to do it in this way, you must think twice because this method is_unlikely_to_be helpful to you.(unlikely)

　　在你决定采用这种方法做之前你必须要三思，因为这种方法不见得对你有帮助。

　　9．Nowadays more and more children are being overweight, so keeping_a_healthy_diet is of great importance.(keep)

　　如今，越来越多的儿童过于肥胖，所以保持健康的饮食尤为重要。

　　10．The mother makes it a rule for the little boy that when he is crossing the road, he should_watch_out_for the cars.(watch)

　　妈妈给小男孩订了一条规矩，当他过马路的时候他要小心车辆。

　　.完形填空

　　“Mommy, can I have a peanut butter and jelly sandwich？” my five­year­old son asked.

　　A simple task, but now, it wasn't that

　　__1__. Anxiety restricted my stomach as I ___2___ I couldn't be a “normal” mommy to my three­， five­， and seven­year old sons.

　　It was the Christmas season now, and my tasks multiplied.I __3__ to have even a tiny bit of eyesight. But this Christmas season, I saw __4__ — no red or green, no colors, no shadows.

　　Christmas ___5__ came quickly, and our sons came in and rushed to our bed.“ __6___,_we want to open presents.”

　　Each voice had a distinct sound and I could tell their mood by the __7__. They jumped, giggled, and teased each other as we wiped the __8__ from our eyes.

　　I reached for my robe (睡袍) and held ___9__ my hand, “Come on, let's see what Santa brought.”

　　“Let's take turns，” their daddy said.“And don't forget to tell __10__ what you get.”

　　That's __11__ I realized that what I couldn't see threatened to __12__ the Christmas joy. I fought the temptation to __13__ into self­pity, and swallowed hard to keep the tears inside.

　　My husband __14__ beside me. “What can I do for you？”

　　His sweetness and warmth further emphasized my __15__. I was disappointing him and I'd __16__ in my role as a wife to him and a mom to my sons.

　　“This is the best present yet！” one of our sons cried out.

　　My son's words brought a truth that opened the __17__ of my heart. His gift delighted him. But I had missed mine, __18__ and disregarding my greatest present — the one that __19__ the emptiness of my dark world. It was in the family room — it sang to me with little voices, with little arms that __20__ me, and with the sweetest melody of each “I love you, Mommy.”

　　1．A.interestingB．pleasant

　　C．easy

　　D．difficult

　　解析：选C　but前后内容是转折关系，结合下文可知，作者的眼睛看不见了，因此，原来非常简单的事情，对她来说，也不那么容易了。与上文“A simple task, but now”相照应，故答案选C。

　　2．A.wondered

　　B．doubted

　　C．hesitated

　　D．feared

　　解析：选D　根据语境并结合选项可知，由于视力问题，作者担心自己不能成为三个孩子的正常母亲。在四个选项中，fear有“担心，害怕”之意，与语境相符。wonder意为“想知道”；doubt意为“怀疑”；hesitate意为“犹豫”。

　　故答案选D。

　　3．A.longed

　　B．struggled

　　C．assumed

　　D．asked

　　解析：选A　根据语境可知，随着圣诞节的临近，家里的事情多了起来，作者当时非常渴望自己哪怕只拥有一点微弱的视力。long意为“渴望，极想”，符合文意。故答案选A。

　　4．A.nothing

　　B．something

　　C．everything

　　D．anything

　　解析：选A　根据空格后提到的“no red or green, no colors, no shadows”可知，作者由于视力问题现在什么也看不见了，故nothing符合语境，答案选A。

　　5．A.noon

　　B．morning

　　C．afternoon

　　D．evening

　　解析：选B　根据下文“our sons came in and rushed to our bed”可知，此处指的是圣诞节的早晨，孩子们冲到作者的床边要圣诞礼物。morning符合语境。故答案选B。

　　6．A.Stand up

　　B．Get up

　　C．Take up

　　D．Stay up

　　解析：选B　A项意为“起立，站起来”；B项意为“起床”；C项意为“从事，拿起”；D项意为“熬夜”。根据下文“I reached for my robe(睡袍)”可知，当时作者和丈夫还未起床，孩子们进来叫他们起床，get up符合文意。故答案选B。

　　7．A.tongue

　　B．tune

　　C．tone

　　D．accent

　　解析：选C　tongue意为“舌头”；tune意为“曲调，和谐”；tone意为“语气，声调，音调”；accent意为“口音”。作者因为看不见，只能凭借孩子们的说话语气来判断他们的情绪，由此可知，tone符合语境。故答案选C。

　　8．A.sleep

　　B．joy

　　C．tears

　　D．sadness

　　解析：选A　根据语境可知，在圣诞节的早晨，孩子们早早地就把睡梦中的夫妇俩叫醒了，他们睡眼蒙眬，试图擦去眼中的睡意。由此结合选项可知，sleep符合文意。故答案选A。

　　9．A.back

　　B．up

　　C．out

　　D．on

　　解析：选C　根据下文“Come on，let's see what Santa brought.”可知，此处是指作者伸出了手。held与空格处构成了动词短语，hold out有“伸出”之意，与语境相符；hold back意为“隐瞒，抑制”；hold up意为“举起，耽搁”；hold on意为“稍等，坚持住”。故答案选C。

　　10．A.Daddy

　　B．yourself

　　C．Santa

　　D．Mommy

　　解析：选D　根据语境可知，因作者看不见，她的丈夫就让孩子们按顺序告诉母亲自己得到了什么礼物。由此可知，Mommy符合语境，此处与文章第一句中的“Mommy”相对应。故答案选D。

　　11．A.where

　　B．when

　　C．how

　　D．why

　　解析：选B　根据语境可知，作者那时候真正地意识到了视力问题所带来的不利影响。空格处作为表语从句的引导词，且从句中缺少时间状语，因此，应用when作为引导词。故答案选B。

　　12．A.multiply

　　B．gain

　　C．increase

　　D．erase

　　解析：选D　multiply意为“乘，使增加”；gain意为“获得，赚到”；increase意为“增加，增长”；erase意为“抹去，擦除”。根据语境可知，作者认为，自己看不见这件事抹去了圣诞节的快乐气氛，因此，erase符合语境。故答案选D。

　　13．A.come

　　B．get

　　C．rush

　　D．sink

　　解析：选D　空格处与空后的介词into构成了动词短语，come into意为“进入，继承”；get into意为“进入”；rush into意为“突然闯入，冲入，冲进”；sink into意为“陷入，沉入”。根据下文“self­pity，and swallowed hard to keep the tears inside”，并结合选项可知，作者当时陷入自怜之中，因此sink符合题意。故答案选D。

　　14．A.flashed

　　B．slid

　　C．ran

　　D．stuck

　　解析：选B　根据语境并结合四个选项可知，作者的丈夫悄悄地来到作者身边。slid是slide的动词过去式，有“悄悄地移动，潜行，滑动”之意，符合语境。flash意为“闪光”；run意为“跑”；stick意为“粘贴，卡住”，均不符合语境。故答案选B。

　　15．A.happiness

　　B．disappointment

　　C．sorrow

　　D．depression

　　解析：选C　根据上文“self­pity，and swallowed hard to keep the tears inside”及“His sweetness and warmth”可知，作者陷入了自怜之中，而作者丈夫所说的话更加深了作者的悲伤之感。sorrow有“悲伤”之意，符合语境。故答案选C。

　　16．A.failed

　　B．managed

　　C．succeeded

　　D．attempted

　　解析：选A　根据空格前提到的“I was disappointing him”可知，作者认为自己使丈夫失望了，作为妻子和母亲的角色，她是失败的。故答案选A。

　　17．A.eyes

　　B．doors

　　C．windows

　　D．curtains

　　解析：选A　根据语境并结合选项可知，作者是看不见的，是儿子所说的话打开了作者心灵的眼睛，因此，eyes符合文意。故答案选A。

　　18．A.withdrawing

　　B．overcoming

　　C．undertaking

　　D．overlooking

　　解析：选D　A项意为“撤退，收回”；B项意为“克服，胜过”；C项意为“承担，保证”；D项意为“忽视，忽略，俯瞰”。结合上下文可知，作者认为自己忽视了最美好的礼物，overlooking符合语境。故答案选D。

　　19．A.crowded

　　B．filled

　　C．covered

　　D．packed

　　解析：选B　根据语境可知，作者认为是这个美好的礼物填满了自己黑暗世界的空虚。在四个选项中，只有filled的词义符合文意。故答案选B。

　　20．A.seized

　　B．caught

　　C．hugged

　　D．hung

　　解析：选C　根据空前的“little arms”可知，此处指作者的孩子拥抱她。因此，hug意为“拥抱”，符合语境。seize意为“抓住”；catch意为“抓住”；hang意为“悬挂”，均不符合语境。故答案选C。

　　.阅读理解

　　Modern living is resulting in more people becoming disconnected from the natural world, at the expense of our health and well­being.

　　Most concern is centred around children, who are missing out on opportunities afforded to previous generations, ones as simple as climbing trees or getting their knees dirty.

　　In the modern world, the adults of the future are displaying the symptoms of “nature­deficit (缺少) disorder”. The term was made up by Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods.

　　In the introduction to his book, he said that over the past few decades the way children

　　understood and experienced nature had

　　“changed greatly”. “Today, kids are aware of the global threats to the environment — but their physical contact, their intimacy (亲密) with nature, is fading. That's exactly the opposite of how it was when I was a child，” said Mr. Louv. He admitted that nature­deficit disorder was “by no means a medical diagnosis”．

　　Tim Gill,

　　author of the report Sowing the Seeds:

　　Reconnecting London's Children with Nature, agreed that the term does not have any meaningful clinical basis. “My idea is that regular contact with nature is part of a balanced diet of childhood experiences. If children do not have those experiences then they are not going to thrive to the same degree as if they did，” Tim Gill added. “They are also likely to grow up not caring about the world around them.”

　　“Forest schools” are a type of outdoor education in which children visit forests, learning social and living skills. They are intended to offer children regular opportunities to develop confidence and independence through hands­on learning in a woodland environment.

　　They have appeared to have a beneficial effect on children with emotional or behavioural problems.

　　Play England is an organization that focuses on giving children access to free play areas. “We believe that kids should be outside playing for a good proportion of the day because it is how they can stay happy, less stressed and healthy，” said Play England director Cath Prisk.

　　However, she added: “Research showed that parents think taking their kids to the park is something you do as a rare treat instead of something you do routinely.”

　　1．As a child, Richard Louv ________.

　　A．was fond of writing medical books

　　B．spent a lot of time playing in the open air

　　C．read a lot of books about nature

　　D．was curious about wildlife

　　解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Today, kids are aware of the global threats to the environment — but their physical contact, their intimacy (亲密) with nature, is fading. That's exactly the opposite of how it was when I was a child，”可以推断，Richard Louv小时候经常在户外玩耍。

　　2．When children with nature­deficit disorder grow up, they will probably ________.

　　A．suffer from a mental disease

　　B．be confident and independent

　　C．ignore the surrounding world

　　D．have bad social skills

　　解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“They are also likely to grow up not caring about the world around them.”可知，患有“大自然缺失症”的孩子长大后很可能对周围的世界漠不关心。

　　3．What is a child not likely to learn in “forest schools” ?

　　A．Cooking.

　　B．Putting up a tent.

　　C．Making friends.

　　D．Writing.

　　解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第六段第一句“‘Forest schools’ are a type of outdoor education in which children visit forests, learning social and living skills.”可知，在“森林学校”里学生学习社交及生活技能。A、B和C项属于这两项技能，D项则不属于。

　　4．The underlined word “routinely” in the last paragraph can be replaced by “________”．

　　A．regularly

　　B．properly

　　C．hardly

　　D．casually

　　解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据该句中的“instead of”可知，前后存在对比关系，根据“a rare treat”可推断，routinely是“常规地，日常地”之意，故选A。

　　阅读理解解题技法(二)　三种方法破解主旨大意题

　　“主题、主线、主意义”破解主旨大意题：

　　1．“主题”是指文章中的主题句，体现了文章的大意；常常位于文章的开头或结尾。

　　2．在没有主题句的文章中，考生需要查找文章“主线”，这种“主线”能够比较忠实地反映出文章的主旨大意；主线的表现形式往往为文章的高频词。

　　3．“主意义”是指通过概括每一段大意后，得出文章的主要意义。

　　方法一、由“主题”确定主旨大意

　　[典例](2017·福建高考阅读理解E节选)A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.

　　Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.

　　Alex Goldberg, the program's founder, said：“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”

　　75．What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young Inspirations

　　B．Young People Find a World of Opportunity

　　C．Kieran, Banbury School Pupil to Paris

　　D．Debates Help Youth with Their Grades,

　　文章主要介绍了通过关于导师制这一新体系的参观研讨活动，给年轻人的未来生活提供了许多经验和机会。文章的主题句是第一句，其关键词为“opportunities”和“youth”；从主题句意义和关键词上来看，B项为正确答案。

　　方法二、由“主线”确定主旨大意

　　[典例](2017·湖北高考阅读理解C节选)We've reached a strange — some would say unusual — point.While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO), more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight. It's the good life that's more likely to kill us these days.

　　Worse, nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight.What's going on?

　　We really don't have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public­health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through — up to a point.

　　In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more.A public­health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.

　　Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body.That has become a sort of fashion.No wonder it ranks as the world's most body­conscious country.

　　We know what we should be doing to lose weight — but actually doing it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack willpower.

　　Others blame good food.They say: it's just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American­style fast food.

　　Some also blame their parents — their genes.But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because they're normal in shape, or rather slim.

　　It's a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager to see their kids shape up.Do as I say — not as I do.

　　62．Which would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Actions or Excuses?

　　B．Overweight or Underweight?

　　C．WHO in a Dilemma

　　D．No Longer Dying of Hunger,

　　【点拨领悟】

　　文章主线：这个世界真奇怪，一方面，我们在与全球性饥饿问题作斗争；另一方面，肥胖成为人类健康的杀手。在有些国家人们吃减肥药或者做手术去掉多余的脂肪，而且这已成为一种时尚。真正解决问题的办法是锻炼，但是人们不愿意运动且有着各种借口：把肥胖问题归咎于美国式快餐，归咎于自己的遗传基因等等。

　　文章高频词(文中加黑词)：overweight在文章中出现了3次；lose weight在文章中出现了2次；excuse在文章中出现了2次。

　　根据以上分析，A项Actions or Excuses？(是行动起来，还是继续为自己找借口？)作为文章标题最合适。

　　方法三、由“主意义”确定主旨大意

　　[典例](2011·福建高考阅读理解B节选)For five days, Edmonton's Downtown Park is transformed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents, and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves.Since its beginning in 1980, the Edmonton Folk Music Festival has been commemorating (纪念) the true feeling of what folk music is all about and that's the traditional togetherness (友爱) that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings through song.

　　This year will be the sixth year when volunteer Riedel will be offering up her time to the festival.“People coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of relaxation，” Riedel said.“It's really easy to relax, and it's great seeing family and friends have fun together.” These families and friends

　　come from all different kinds of musical tastes.People who take pleasure in Blues are there, so are people who love Bluegrass.This festival

　　does its best to develop everyone's musical interests.

　　With so many years of experience, the festival has become

　　a well­oiled machine, and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as comfortable as possible.There are free water stations throughout the venue (举办地) for people to fill up their travel cups.When people buy food, reusable dishes are given a $2 plate fee, but that is returned when the plate is brought back.

　　The festival has completely sold out of tickets, and in record time.But with big names such as Van Morrison and Jakob Dylan, it's easy to see how that was going to happen.There is no parking area during the festival, so using the Park & Ride system or Edmonton Transit is highly recommended.A bike lock­up area is provided and will be available Thursday until Sunday one hour before the gates open until 45 minutes after the gates close.

　　The Edmonton Folk Music Festival begins on Wednesday, Aug.4 with Van Morrison playing the special donation fund (基金) concert, and will finish up on Sunday, Aug.8.

　　63．What would be the best title for this passage?

　　A．Folk Music of Blues

　　B．One Festival for All

　　C．Festival for Family Gathering

　　D．Edmonton's Downtown Park

　　【点拨领悟】

　　第一、二段介绍了举办“the Edmonton Folk Music Festival”的目的：让人们聚集在一起感受到“the traditional togetherness (友爱)”(第一段的最后一句)；尽最大努力开发每个人对音乐的兴趣(第二段的最后一句)。

　　第三段：介绍了“the Edmonton Folk Music Festival”的举办方式。

　　第四段：介绍了参加“the Edmonton Folk Music Festival”的注意事项。

　　第五段：介绍了“the Edmonton Folk Music Festival”的起止时间。

　　综上所述，整篇文章介绍了一个为所有人准备的音乐盛会，故答案选B。