2017届高考英语一轮限时训练：阅读理解（3）

　　2017高考英语阅读理解一轮限时训练题（3）【广东深圳市第二次调研考试 Since the beginning of the year, smog has covered parts of North China. In January, Beijing saw only five days without smog. The rising PM 2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory（呼吸系统）and heart diseases. Later, news of polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe. So the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere. Smog especially is a common concern. Like a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your income or vocation. People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe the same air as everyone else. At a meeting on Monday, many Representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. One talked about his experience in Beijing. “After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, I washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black. We should ask ourselves this question: Why do we want to develop? It's for living a better life. Dirty air is definitely not a better life," he said. China needs to develop its economy and invest(投资) in high-tech. Every Chinese wants a strong country. But without blue sky, clean water and safe food, the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on Mars so that one day all human beings can migrate to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth. What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China. President Hu Jintao spoke at the 18th Party Congress last November saying that great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful China. The words have shown the central government's resolution to address the environment issue. 41．The effect of smog doesn’t include . A．the rising of PM 2.5 readings B．more people suffering diseases C．the increase of people’s income D．patients increased in hospital 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据The rising PM 2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory（呼吸系统）and heart diseases.烟雾引起PM的指数的增加，人们患病的人增多因而医院的病人增多，人们的收入的增加并不是由于烟雾的影响，故选C。 42．Why smog has become a common concern? A．Because people have to pay higher prices. B．Because nobody can avoid it. C．Because we have to develop industry. D．Because a popular online-post discussed it. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Smog especially is a common concern.they breathe the same air as everyone else. 因为每一个都需呼吸有烟雾是任何人都避免不了的事情，故选B。 43．To make China stronger we have to develop economy, but . A．we have to sacrifice air as the price B．the dirty air is not what we want C．ecological progress can be ignored D．the smog is the only byproduct 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China.我们为了发展经济使中国变得更加强大，但是不能牺牲我们的空气的质量，故选B。 44．The underlined word “they” in paragraph 6 refers to . A．human beings B．other plants C．space technologies D．industrial development 【答案】A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据so that one day all human beings can migrate to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth.这里用代词代替前面出现的名词human beings，故选A。 45．From the last two paragraphs we can infer that . A．high-tech can completely solve the problem of pollution B．space technologies should be developed in a large scale C．we can move to the Mars after the earth has been destroyed D．we must protect the environment while developing economy 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据The words have shown the central government's resolution to address the environment issue. To err is human．To blame the other guy is even more human． Common sense is not all that common． Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse? These three popular misquotes （戏谑的引语） are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature．To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for the problem．Perhaps it is the natural thing to do．The original quote about human nature went like this, “ To err is human, to forgive, divine（神圣的）．” This saying mirrors an ideal: people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes．Instead, we tend to do the opposite --- find someone else to pass the blame on to．However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity． Common sense is what we call clear thought．Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan．Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine．Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything．People say that in a large company, “the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing．” And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people, get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time．There is a corollary（直接推论）to that: if good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth? ．According to the author, what is a sign of a man’s maturity? A．Doing things his own way. B．Bearing responsibility for his mistakesC．Making as few mistakes as possible． D．Thinking seriously about his wrong doing．Which of the following is NT based on common sense? A．A man tries to take charge of everything in a large companyB．A student goes out with an umbrella in stormy weatherC．A company’s next move follows a good planD．A lawyer acts on fine judgments．What is the author’s opinion about a good excuse? A．Making a good excuse is sometimes a better policyB．Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideasC．A good excuse is as rewarding as honestyD．Bitter truth is better than a good excuse．What would be the best title for his passage? AA Mirror of Human Nature B. To Blame or to Forgive C. A Mark of Maturity D. Truth or Excuse 【2017界广东省韶关市C Studying volcanoes is a demanding profession. Hazel Rymer frequently has to struggle through rainforests, climb to the top of mountains, then climb 200 metres into the crater of active volcanoes. But the 38-year-old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is. “Driving to work is more risky,” she insists. “And the deepest I go into the crater of a volcano is about 300 metres,” she adds, trying to make it all sound as ordinary as taking the dog for a walk. Hazel has been studying volcanoes for a long time, so it’s not surprising she is used to the danger. Her interest in volcanoes began at school. A teacher gave her a book about Pompeii. “I remember reading about the eruption of Vesuvius and the destruction of the city,” she explains. “The thought of all those people just frozen in time had quite an effect on me and I am still excited by their dangerous beauty today.” Nowadays, volcanoes are getting more and more unpredictable. There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps. These have resulted in some dormant volcanoes erupting, so studying them is more dangerous than ever before. Hazel says that although she doesn’t take any unnecessary risk she has had some frightening moments. Her worst experience was on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily, when she was slowly surrounded by lava. “I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it,” she explains. She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream. “I guess it was five metres. The flow was 1,000°C, so if you hesitated your boots would begin to melt. It was scary, but it really was a practical decision --- there wasn't time to do anything else.” And what about the future? “I haven’t been to the volcanoes in Indonesia yet. And I would love to spend some time working in the Antarctic,” she says. “I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang.” In other words, Hazel Rymer won’t be exchanging her volcanoes for the relative safety of driving to work just yet. 36. Hazel’s claim that “driving to work is more risky” than exploring volcanoes shows that ______. A. people have exaggerated the dangers of volcanoes in the past B. Hazel does not really understand the dangerous situations she puts herself in. C. there are many bad drivers in the place where Hazel lives D. Hazel is being modest and understating the dangers she faces 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。由“But the 38-year-old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is.”和“ Hazel has been studying volcanoes for a long time, so it’s not surprising she is used to the danger. ” Hazel 是在谦虚的对他所面对的危险有意的轻描淡写。 37. When did Hazel first become interested in volcanoes? A. When she was visiting Italy. B. When she was at school. C. When she was twenty. D. When she saw Vesuvius. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“ Her interest in volcanoes began at school.”可知他第一次对火山感兴趣是在上学的时候。 38. The underlined word “these” (in paragraph 3) refers to __________. A. melting ice-caps B. volcanic eruptions C. changes in sea level D. higher temperatures 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。由“There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps. These have resulted in……”可知此题选C。 39. When Hazel was on Mount Etna she had to ________. A. take a dangerous route B. take an unnecessary risk C. leave her boots behind D. walk for ten hours around the mountain 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。由“Hazel says that although she doesn’t take any unnecessary risk she has had some frightening moments. Her worst experience was on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily,……”及后面对这次经历的描述可知选A。 40. In the future, Hazel wants to ________. A. revisit volcanoes she knows B. go on holiday to the Antarctic C. find a less dangerous job D. discover new things about volcanoes 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。由“I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang.”可知将来他要探索发现关于火山的新事物。 阅读理解-----------D A few days ago I asked my sons’ governess（女家庭教师）Julia to come into my study. “Be seated, Julia,” I said, “Let’s settle our accounts. I guess you most likely need some money, but maybe you’re too polite to mention it. Now then, we agreed on thirty dollars a month...” “Forty.” “No, thirty. I made a note of it. I always pay our governess thirty. Well, um, you’ve been here two months, so...” “Two months and five days.” “Exactly two months. I made a special note of it. That means you have sixty dollars coming to you. Take off nine Sundays... you know you didn’t work with Tom on Sundays, you only took walks. And three holidays... ”Julia was biting her finger nail nervously, her face red, but - not a word. “Three holidays, therefore take off twelve dollars. Four days Tom was sick and there were no lessons, as you were occupied only with Dick. Three days you had a toothache and my wife gave you permission not to work after lunch. Twelve and seven – nineteen. Take nineteen off ... that leaves…hmm… forty-one dollars. Correct？”Julia’s left eye reddened with tears welling up. Her chin trembled; she coughed nervously and blew her nose, but - still not a word. “Around New Year’s Day you broke a teacup and a saucer; take off two dollars. The cup cost more, it was a treasure of the family, but- forget it. When didn’t I take a loss! Then, due to your neglect(疏忽, Tom climbed a tree and tore his jacket; take away ten. Also due to your carelessness the maid stole Dick’s shoes. You ought to watch everything! You get paid for it. So, that means five more dollars off. The tenth of January I gave ten dollars.” “You didn’t. ”sobbed Julia. “But I made a note of it.”“Well... if you say so.”“Take twenty seven from forty one -that leaves fourteen.” Both her eyes were filled with tears. Beads of sweat stood on the thin pretty little nose. Poor girl! “Only once was I given any money,” she whispered, her voice trembling, “and that was by your wife. Three dollars, nothing more.”“Really? You see now, and I didn’t know that! Take three from fourteen.. leaves eleven. Here’s your money, my dear. Three, three, three, one and one. Here it is!” I handed her eleven dollars. She took them and pocketed them. “Merci（法语: 谢谢）,”she whispered.I jumped to my feet and started pacing the room. I was overcome with anger. “For what, this - ‘merci’?” I asked. “For the money.” “But you know I’ve cheated you - robbed you! I have actually stolen from you ! Why this ‘merci’？”“In my other places they didn’t give me anything at all.” “They didn’t give you anything? No wonder! I played a little joke on you, a cruel lesson, just to teach you... I m going to give you all the eighty dollars! Here they are in the envelope all ready for you... Is it really possible to be so spineless(懦弱?Why didn’t you protest? Why were you silent? Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws（爪）—to be such a fool?”Embarrassed, she smiled. And I could read her expression, “It is possible.” I asked her pardon for the cruel lesson and, to her great surprise, gave her the eighty dollars. She murmured her little “merci” several times and went out. I looked after her and thought, “How easy it is to crush the weak in this world!” 12. What shocked the writer was Julia’s ________. 　 A. nervousness in front of her bossB. acceptance of injustice 　 C. shyness when talking about moneyD. reluctance(不情愿) to express herself 13. The writer said, “Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws?” He was actually telling the governess ________. 　 A. to be more aggressiveB. to be more careful in her work C. to protect her right D. to live independently 14. At the end of the story, the writer said,“ How easy it is to crush the weak in this world!” to show ________. A. his understanding of Julia’s anxiety B. his worry about Julia’s future C. his concern on the living condition of working - class people D. his sympathy for the mental state of those exploited（被剥削的） 15. From the story, we can tell that Julia’s employer was ________. A. greedy but honest B. ill-tempered but warm-hearted C. strict but forgiving D. none of the above