完形填空(共20小题:每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑Do you know how much your children sleep?
According to the National Sleep Foundation,
41 should sleep twelve to eighteen hours
42
of every twenty-four. With a gradual
43
to twelve to fourteen hours for toddlers(初学走路的孩子) one to three; eleven to thirteen hours for
4
three to five; and ten to eleven hours for schoolchildren
45
five to ten.
But things get really
46
at adolescence. Not only do teenagers need more sleep than
47 __---eight and a half to nine and a quarter hours a night, according to the sleep foundation - but the times
48
which they get sleepy and are able to awaken
49
and feel rested shift in a
50
that does not match to the
51
times at most schools.
Sleep studies have shown that the typical teenager does not fall asleep readily before 11 p. m. or later.
52
many have to get up by 6 a. m. or
53
to get to school for a class
54
starts at 7:30 or 8 a.m. More than a few
55
off during that class, and often the
56
one as well. Even if awake, they're in no condition to learn much of anything.
In one study, more than 90 percent of teenagers
57
they slept less than the
58
nine hours a night, and 10 percent said they slept less than six hours.
59 _ James B. Maas, a Cornell University psychologist and Leading sleep researcher, has observed, most teenagers are "walking zombies(僵尸)"
they get far too little sleep.
41. A. children B. newborns C. elders D. youngsters
42.A. from B. with C. out D. up
43. A. reduction B. increase C. growth D. improvement
44. A. teenagers B. students C. babies D. preschoolers
45. A. related B. separated C. aged D. varied
46.A. demanding B. challenging C. satisfying D. encouraging
47. A. adults B. toddlers C. babies
D. schoolchildren
48. A. in B. on C. at D. for
49. A. excitedly B. early
C. casually D. naturally
50. A. form B. means C. method D. way
51. A. end B. start C. holiday D. examination
52. A. Since B. For
C. Yet D. Then
53. A. nicer B. earlier
C. cleaner D. better
54.A. that B. its C. what D. whose
55. A. put B. take C. doze D. cut
56. A. next B. other C. last D. new
57. A. examined B. surveyed C. reported D. convinced
58. A. regulated B. recommended C. analyzed D. reported
59. A. Like
B. Since C. As D. Furthermore
60. A. because B. which C. while D. still
完型 41-45 BCADC
46-50 BACDD
51-55 BCBAC
56-60 ACBCA
应试点睛
完形填空考查的内容和范围
1.主要考查的词类
完形填空题突出考查考生对篇章的整体理解和对语境的理解, 而在文章中只有实词才能较好地突出词汇的语境化。细读近两年的考试大纲和研究近三年的高考试题后,我们可以得知,广东卷完形填空只考查实词,主要是名词、动词(包括动词短语)、形容词、副词等。同时, 每小题的四个选项均属同一词类或同一语法形式。若四个选项都是名词, 那么都是单数名词或复数名词或是不可数名词;若四个选项都是形容词或副词, 要么都是原级, 要么都是比较级, 要么都是最高级;如果都是动词, 那么四个选项要么都是及物动词或不及物动词, 要么都是ing形式或ed形式, 要么都是动词原形。
2.试题的选文特点
广东卷完形填空的体裁可以是具有一定故事情节的记叙文, 或是夹叙夹议、富有哲理的议论文, 也可以是说明文。
2009~2011年广东高考英语试题的三篇文章的主题都很明确, 内容完整, 结构严谨, 层次分明, 逻辑性强, 文章内容新, 立意高, 构思巧妙, 富有一定的时代特色和教育意义, 句式结构不是很复杂, 知识内涵没有超出中学生的认知水平, 考生读起来熟悉、亲切、自然, 其难度略高于高三教材。
完形填空的首句是文章的窗口, 有助于考生了解和推测全文的大意, 所以短文首句均不设空, 每两题空格最大间隔一般不超过30个词, 最小不低于5个词。
广东卷完形填空的全部答案都是通过理解上下文来确定的, 也可以说是要求考生从文章中找出直接或间接的答案。它一般不设纯语法题, 如不设主谓一致题, 不设复合句的连接词, 不考介词、代词等。另外, 四个选项中一般不会出现很难辨析的同义词或近义词。逻辑推理、背景知识、生活常识、习惯用法和搭配是命题者经常考虑的命题点。
3.考查的主要技能
首先,考查考生结合文章上下文对词汇意义及其用法的理解和运用能力。完形填空题型有相当一部分试题是考查考生能否根据文章的上下文来正确辨别所给选项, 选出最适合文章语境的词或词组。其次,考查考生灵活运用习惯用法和常用搭配的能力。另外,考查考生根据生活常识进行推理和判断的能力。
探究点一 对名词和动词的考查
完形填空主要考查语境理解, 而在通常情况下, 只有实词才能较好地体现语境。2009~2011年广东高考英语卷完形填空考查的全为实词, 如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。
一、名词
名词是完形填空中对词汇考查的重要内容之一。名词在英语基本词汇中所占比例很大, 而且英语中名词的同义词和近义词很多, 所以对名词考查的主要项目是名词词义辨析, 此外还有名词与介词的搭配、名词与动词的搭配等。
做题时应该注意:
1.名词的基本意义以及同、近义名词的区分
例1 Chinese arts have won the ________ of a lot of people outside China.
A.enjoyment B.appreciation
C.entertainment
D.reputation
【解析】 B 本题考查名词的词义辨析。enjoyment享乐, 快乐;appreciation欣赏, 正确评价, 感激;entertainment款待, 娱乐;reputation名誉, 名声。根据语境“中国的艺术得到许多海外人士的好评”可知答案为B。
2.名词在特定情景、语境中的特殊含义
例2 “The longer you stay away from the motherland,” she said, “the sweeter your blood grows to the mosquitoes.” Well, less than a week after my arrival, I was already carpeted with a ________ of mosquito bites.
A.shade B.pile
C.cloud
D.blanket
【解析】 D blanket原意是“毯子,毛毯”, 此处意思是“像毯子一样的厚厚的覆盖物”, 此处引申为“一层”。另外, blanket常用作名词, 意思是“毯子”, 也可用作动词, 意思是“像毯子一样覆盖”。
例3
It didn’t matter whether you were black, white or Asian; everyone worked together for the ________ of the company.
A.good
B.boss
C.rest
D.right
【解析】 A 此处good是名词, 意为“好处,利益”。
3.名词与动词的搭配
例4 I have read the material several times but it didn’t make any ________ to me.
A.meaning
B.importance
C.sense
D.significance
【解析】 C make sense是固定习语, 意为“意义清楚,讲得通,有道理”。
4.名词与介词的搭配
例5 Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by ________ of cries.
A.ways
B.means
C.methods D.approaches
【解析】 B 四个选项都有“方法,手段”的意思, 但by means of 是固定短语,意为“借助……手段”。
例6 Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within________ of little children.
A.hand
B.reach
C.space
D.Distance
【解析】 B within reach of sb是固定习语, 意为“某人伸手拿得到的”。
例7 I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s ________.
A.reach
B.hand
C.hold
D.place
【解析】 A out of sb’s reach和beyond sb’s reach是固定习语, 意为“伸手拿不到的,够不着的”。
例8
He and his wife are of the same ________ ; they both want their son to go to college.
A.soul
B.spirit
C.heart
D.mind
【解析】 D of the same mind是固定结构, 意为“意见一致,想法一致”。
完形填空------夹叙夹议文
(2017·江苏)I used to believe in the American Dream,which meant a job,a mortgage(按揭),credit cards,success.I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else,all of us __21__ chasing the same thing.
One year,through a series of unhappy events,it all fell __22__.I found myself homeless and alone.I had my truck and $56.I __23__ the countryside for some place I could rent for the __24__ possible amount.I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road __25__the Potomac River in West Virginia.It was__26__,full of broken glass and rubbish.I found the owner,rented it,and __27__ a corner to camp in.
The locals knew nothing about me,__28__ slowly,they started teaching me the __29__ of being a neighbor.They dropped off blankets,candles,and tools,and began __30__ around to chat.They started to teach me a belief in a __31__ American Dream—not the one of individual achievement but of __32__.
What I had believed in,all those things I thought were__33__ for a civilized life,were nonexistent in this place.__34__ on the mountain,my most valuable possessions were my __35__ with my neighbors.
Four years later,I moved back into __36__.I saw many people were having a really hard time,__37__ their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to __38__ a handful of people.There are four of us now in the house,but over time I've had nine people come in and move on to other places.We'd all be in __39__ if we hadn't banded together.
The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one.It's not so much about what I can get for myself;it's about __40__ we can all get by together.
【语篇解读】 本文属于夹叙夹议的文体。作者从自己的亲身经历,反映出一个人的梦不是美国梦,所有人的梦才是美国梦,只有大家共同努力才能实现共同的梦想。
21.A.separately
B.equally
C.violently
D.naturally
解析 句意:我们都在各自地追求同样的事物。separately“各自地”,equally“平等地”,violently“猛烈地”,naturally“自然地”。
答案 A
22.A.off
B.apart
C.over
D.out
解析 句意:经历了一系列的不幸,一切都破碎了。fall off“跌落,掉下”,fall apart“崩溃,破碎”,fall over“跌倒,摔倒”,fall out“掉队,争吵”。
答案 B
23.A.crossed
B.left
C.toured
D.searched
解析 句意:我在农村寻找一处租金最便宜的地方。crossed“横穿”,left“离开”,toured“旅游”,searched“搜寻”。
答案 D
24.A.fullest
B.largest
C.fairest
D.cheapest
解析 租最“便宜”的是理所当然。
答案 D
25.A.at
B.through
C.over
D.round
解析 句意:我在西弗吉尼亚州偶然找到了一处破旧的房子,它位于在Potomac河上一条崎岖的山路上方。
答案 C
26.A.occupied
B.abandoned
C.emptied
D.robbed
解析 句意:它被荒废了,到处都是碎玻璃和垃圾。occupied“占领,占据”,abandoned“废弃的,遗弃的”,emptied“空的,空虚的”,robbed“抢劫的”。
答案 B
27.A.turned
B.approached
C.cleared
D.cut
解析 clear a corner to camp in.意为清理了一角来驻扎下来。
答案 C
28.A.but
B.although
C.otherwise
D.for
解析 句意:当地人对我一无所知,但是,慢慢地他们开始教我成为邻居的艺术。
答案 A
29.A.benefit
B.lesson
C.nature
D.art
解析 benefit“利益,好处”,lesson“课程,教训”,nature“自然”,art“艺术”。
答案 D
30.A.sticking
B.looking
C.swinging
D.turning
解析 句意:他们放下毛毡,蜡烛和工具,并且开始留下来聊天。stick around“徘徊,逗留”,look around“环视”,swing around“到处摇摆”,turn around“转身”。
答案 A
31.A.wild
B.real
C.different
D.remote
解析 句意:他们开始另一种不同美国梦的信念,它不是个人的成就而是睦邻友好之梦。
答案 C
32.A.neighborliness
B.happiness
C.friendliness
D.kindness
解析 neighborliness“和睦,邻人之谊”,happiness“幸福”,friendliness“友好”,kindness“善良”。
答案 A
33.A.unique
B.expensive
C.rare
D.necessary
解析 句意:我最初相信这些东西,在文明生活中是必须的,在这种地方是不存在的。
答案 D
34.A.Up
B.Down
C.Deep
D.Along
解析 句意:在山上面,我最有价值的财产是与邻居的关系。up在上文中有出处。
答案 A
35.A.cooperation
B.relationships
C.satisfaction
D.appointments
解析 cooperation“合作”,relationships“关系”,satisfaction“满意”,appointments“预约”。
答案 B
36.A.reality
B.society
C.town
D.life
解析 句意:四年后,我搬回了城市。根据上文的countryside可推出。
答案 C
37.A.creating
B.losing
C.quitting
D.offering
解析 句意:我看到许多人生活艰辛,失去工作和家园。create“创造”,lose“失去”,quit“放弃”,offer“提供”。
答案 B
38.A.put in
B.turn in
C.take in
D.get in
解析 句意:我租了一间足够大的房子,可以容纳许多人。put in“放入,提交”,turn in“上交,告发”,take in“接受,拘留”,get in“进入,收获”。
答案 C
39.A.yards
B.shelters
C.camps
D.cottages
解析 句意:如果我们不团结起来,我们都将住在庇护所里。in yards“在庭院里”,in shelters“在庇护所里,在收容所里”,in camps“在营地”,in cottages“在小村庄里”。
答案 B
40.A.when
B.what
C.whether
D.how
解析 句意:它并不关乎我们为自己得到什么,而是关乎如何协作。
答案 D
文体技法归纳
夹叙夹议完形填空所选的文章一般富于哲理性,往往可以从一件看似平淡的小事中悟出深刻的人生哲理,因此耐人寻味,可读性较强。
在结构上,作者首先叙述一件事情,然后就此事情引申出一个深刻的社会话题或就此事提出自己的观点;或者先提出一种观点或看法,然后就这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明,最后再进一步阐述或作出结论。
夹叙夹议文在语言上又具有议论文的特点:语言客观、准确、逻辑性强,且具有概括性。那么,我们在做夹叙夹议文类的完形填空题时,需要注意哪些方面呢?
1.重视文章首句
夹叙夹议文常常以文章的标题、首句或简短的第一段导入话题,然后以顺叙或倒叙等叙事的方式适当加以描写,通过巧妙安排,在文章最后概括主题。因此,在解答夹叙夹议文类的完形填空时,考生首先要读懂第一段,尤其是文章的第一句话,这样就可以迅速总结出全文的主旨大意。
2.理清文章结构
夹叙夹议文类的文章通常是先进行叙述,然后在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论,提出故事所包含的哲理或总结自己的观点。做题时,考生要跟着作者的思路读全文,思维要有灵活性,要随着记叙与议论的转换,及时调整思维方式。只有理清了文章的结构,才能更容易地理解文章,作出正确的选择。
3.抓住文章线索
理解夹叙夹议类文章要抓住线索,注意情节的变化,以求综观上下文,达到整体理解文意,从而避免片面性和断章取义。找出叙述、议论部分相关的命题规律与特点,分清论点、论据的习惯表达方式,找准文章的论点、论据和结论句式,使叙述与议论浑然一体。
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GRE词汇:天气类
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GRE词汇:多义词
GRE词汇:税费类(2)
GRE词汇:音乐类
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GRE词汇:证明类
GRE词汇天天记:C开头
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新GRE高频词汇
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GRE词汇的考查重点
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