2017届高考英语一轮复习热点课件：第9节 名词性从句高效语法

　　高效语法复习篇

　　第9节 名词性从句

　　一、形容词后的that从句 that引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些形容词后面。这种句型一般都用人作主语，所用的形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等。 I am sure/certain that he's at home now. 我肯定他现在在家。 I am a bit worried that she will not be able to make it. 我有点担心她做不成这件事情。 二、what 从句的小结 1．意思是“所……的事/物”， 相当于the thing(s) that…或 that (those) which…可以用于以下情况： (1)引导主语从句。 What is gone is gone. 过去的事就过去了。 (2)引导表语从句。 He's not what he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。 (3)引导宾语从句，包括介词宾语。 As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. 作为你的朋友，我想告诉你我所听到的。 I don't care about money or what people call position.

　　我不在乎金钱或者人们所谓的地位。 2．用作插入语，指代后面的成分。这和非限制性定语从句正好相反，非限制性定语从句指代的是前面的成分。 It is a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one. 这是本很有用的书，再说也不贵。 三、常考的名词性that­从句 用it作形式主语的that­从句有以下4种不同的搭配关系： 1．It ＋ be ＋形容词＋ that­从句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… It is necessary that we (should) study hard.

　　我们必须努力学习。 It is obvious that he has won the game.

　　很明显，他已经赢得了比赛。 2．It ＋ be ＋ 过去分词＋ that­从句 It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is known to all that… 众所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… It is believed that he is a famous singer.

　　＝He is believed to be a famous singer.

　　大家都相信他是一位著名的歌手。 It is known to all that nobody will go there to help.

　　众所周知，没人会去帮忙。 3．It ＋ be ＋名词＋ that­从句 It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… It is common knowledge that the earth moves round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转，这是常识。 4．It ＋不及物动词＋ that­分句 It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… It happened that I came across an old friend on the street. ＝I happened to come across an old friend on the street.

　　我碰巧在街上遇到一位老朋友。 四、否定转移 1．将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I don't think the film is interesting.

　　我觉得这部电影没什么意思。 注意：若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 2．将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。 It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。 3．有时将动名词、介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。) 4．有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己觅食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语)

　　他并不因亚里士多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。 1. She promised ________ he had enough money she would marry him.

　　A. that

　　B. if

　　C. that if

　　D. if that

　　【分析】C　其余几项均有可能误选。句子的正常词序为 She promised that she would marry him if he had enough money. 由于将条件状语从句 if he had enough money 插入动词 promised 与其宾语从句之间，从而导致许多同学误选。另外，本来动词 promise 后接宾语从句时，引导宾语从句的 that 是可以省略的，但是按英语习惯，当动词与其宾语从句之间插有其他成分时，引导宾语从句的 that 通常不宜省略，所以此题不宜选B。 2. He told me the news, believe it or not, ________ he had earned $1,000 in a single day.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. as

　　D. because 【分析】A　此题容易误选B，误认为这是非限制性定语从句。其实此题应选 A，that 引导的是一个修饰名词 the news 的同位语从句。 3. Don't you know, my dear friend, ________ it is you that she loves?

　　A. who

　　B. which

　　C. that

　　D. what 【分析】C　此题容易误选 A或B，选 A 者认为这是指人的，故用 who；选B者认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)，其实此题应选C，它引导的是一个宾语从句，只是被其中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。其实此句也可说成 My dear friend, don't you know that it is you that she loves? 4. At the class meeting, we discussed ________ we should read English aloud every morning.

　　A. if

　　B. whether

　　C. that

　　D. /

　　【分析】B　许多同学认为，if 和 whether 引导宾语从句表示“是否”时，两者可互换，所以认为A和B都可选。其实，最佳答案只能选B，因为，在某些动词后习惯上要用 whether 来引导宾语从句，这类动词最典型的就是discuss(讨论)。 5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ________.

　　A. who is he

　　B. who he is

　　C. who is it

　　D. who it is 【分析】D　此题首先应排除A和C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以必须用陈述句语序。至于是选B还是D呢？许多同学由于汉语意思的影响，将句子理解为“有人在按门铃，去看看他是谁”。但按英语的习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，应用代词it，而不用 he 或she等。所以此题应选D。 6. His lecture was difficult and I didn't know ________ he said meant in his lecture.

　　A. that

　　B. what

　　C. that that

　　D. what what　

　　【分析】D　许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况很少见。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了B。其实此题的正确答案应是D，第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语。