2017高考英语一轮语法对点讲练：12 介词、并列连词

　　语法对点讲练十二　介词、并列连词

　　一、常用介词

　　知识点讲解

　　1．表示时间的介词

　　(1)at, on, in

　　①at表示时间点，也可表示节假日。

　　at 3：00, at noon, at that time, at Christmas Day

　　②on表示一天或某天的一部分。

　　on Monday, on Friday evening, on September 24

　　③in表示少于或多于一天的时间段。

　　in the evening, in a week, in three days, in 2017, in my childhood

　　④morning, evening, afternoon, night等名词如果有表示具体某一天的名词修饰时，用on。

　　on Monday morning, on a cold winter morning

　　(2)by, during, for, till, until

　　⑤by表示“不迟于；到……为止”。

　　by six o'clock, by the end of last month

　　⑥during表示一段持续的时间，也可以表示这段持续时间中的某一点或某一刻。

　　during the summer vacation

　　⑦for表示一段时间，后面接具体的时间单位，后边的名词常用复数。

　　I have been working here for five years.

　　⑧till和until表示一段时间，till用在肯定句中与持续性动词连用，until用在否定句中，与瞬间动词连用。

　　Although the lecture was very boring, he stayed till the end of it.

　　I didn't leave until 11 o'clock.

　　2．表示地点、位置、方向的介词

　　(1)at, in, on

　　⑨at一般指较小的地方。

　　I met him at the store.

　　⑩in一般指较大的地方。

　　They arrived in Tianjin yesterday.

　　on一般指面与线接触的地方。

　　The picture is hanging on the wall.

　　(2)in, on, to

　　in表示在某一范围内。

　　Baoding lies in the middle of Hebei province.

　　on表示两地接壤。

　　Canada is on the north of the USA.

　　to表示范围之外。

　　Japan is to the northeast of China.

　　(3)by, beside, near

　　by与beside表示“在……的旁边”。

　　There is a small house by the river.

　　He was standing beside his father.

　　near表示“接近；近”。

　　There is a school near my house.

　　(4)from, out of

　　from强调起点，“从……”。

　　The plane from New York arrives at 11：10.

　　out of侧重从里向外，“从……里出来”。

　　She took some paper out of her bag.

　　(5)between, among

　　between表示在两者之间。

　　The secret is only between you and me.

　　among指三者或以上的之间。

　　The teacher was standing among the students.

　　3．表示原因的介词

　　for, from, of, through, with, because of, due to, owing to, for fear of, on account of, out of, thanks to等可以表示原因。

　　He was shaking with cold.

　　The girl fell ill from eating too little.

　　4．表示工具、方式、手段的介词

　　(1)by, in, with

　　by多用于无形的工具或手段前，by与名词间无修饰语。

　　by hand, by means of

　　in多用于语言、材料前。

　　in ink, in English, in this way

　　with多用在有形的工具、表示身体器官的名词前，with与名词之间可以有修饰语。

　　We see with our eyes.

　　We are digging with spades (铁锹)．

　　(2)by, in, on

　　by＋交通工具，之间无冠词。

　　by air, by car, by bus, by bike

　　in, on＋修饰语＋交通工具。

　　go to work in my car, on the bus

　　(3)with

　　with表示“和……一起；有……在场”。

　　Will you come to the cinema with us?

　　with表示“随着；与……一道”。

　　With time passing by, he has become used to the climate there.

　　with表示“具有；携有”。

　　The teacher comes into the classroom with some books in hand.

　　with表示方式或状态。

　　He likes to go to bed with the windows open.

　　(4)of＋抽象名词

　　be of＋抽象名词＝be＋adj.

　　be of much value＝be very valuable

　　(5)to＋情感类名词

　　to one's＋名词＝to the＋名词＋of sb.

　　to one's surprise＝to the surprise of sb.

　　to one's joy, to one's regret, to one's relief, to one's disappointment

　　对点训练

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．(2017·新课标卷)It was a real race ________ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.

　　A. over

　　B. by

　　C. for

　　D. against

　　答案与解析　D　句意：这真是一个需要争分夺秒才能完成的项目。幸运的是，我们圆满地完成了。四个选项中的介词只有D项的against与time构成“against time”才意为“争分夺秒”，其他介词用在此处都不符合句意。故答案选D项。

　　2．(2017·新课标卷)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.

　　A. against

　　B. before

　　C. beyond

　　D. without

　　答案与解析　D　题干的意思是：“________一定的数学知识，认真研究物理是不可能的。”against“靠着；反对”； before“在……之前”； beyond“超出”； without“没有”。四个选项中填入without最合适，故选D项。

　　3．(2017·山东卷)The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children.

　　A. from

　　B. by

　　C. at

　　D. for

　　答案与解析　D　句意：史密斯夫妇因为养育孩子的方式而受到了赞扬。根据固定搭配be praised by ...”，学生很容易理解为“被……表扬”而误选by。

　　4．(2017·安徽卷)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.

　　A. on

　　B. at

　　C. for

　　D. to

　　答案与解析　C　句意：在你到某一旅游胜地去游览之前，先在你当地的图书馆找本有关的书看看。look与介词for搭配构成动词短语look for。因为in your local library这一地点状语插在其中，从而增加了识别的难度。实际上，本句也可以表达为：... look for a book about it in your local library.故选C项。

　　5．(2017·北京卷)I have an appointment ________ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.

　　A. to

　　B. off

　　C. with

　　D. from

　　答案与解析　C　句意：我跟史密斯博士有个约会，但是我需要改一下。have an appointment with sb.“跟某人有约”，为固定搭配，故正确答案为C项。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　6．She's got the job because she has the advantage ________ others of knowing many languages.

　　答案与解析　over　句意：她得到了这份工作因为她有比别人多会几门语言的优势。比谁有优势用介词over。

　　7．Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank ________ a chair.

　　答案与解析　into　句意：弗莱德没有敲门就进门了，气喘吁吁，一屁股坐在了椅子上。sink into“陷入……”。

　　8．The plane departs at 8：00, so we may as well be at the airport ________ 7：00 at the latest.

　　答案与解析　by/before　句意：飞机八点起飞，所以我们最好最迟在七点之前赶到飞机场。by“不迟于……”； before“在……之前”。

　　9．Ballet is not popular ________ our city because most people think it is too expensive to take the classes.

　　答案与解析　in　句意：芭蕾在我们的城市并不流行，因为大多数人认为上这个课太贵了。in表位于较大的地点； be popular with sb.“受……欢迎”。

　　10．It is believed that those who attend lessons ________ great concentration are more likely to be top ones.

　　答案与解析　with　句意：人们相信上课认真听讲的人更有可能取得好成绩。with“具有；带有”。

　　二、常见的介词短语和搭配

　　知识点讲解

　　例：out of place

　　with regard to

　　except for

　　except that

　　beyond descriptions

　　account for

　　on account of

　　in a way

　　in particular

　　in charge

　　as a result of

　　in case (of) ...

　　be tired of

　　be proud of

　　answer/key to

　　next to

　　similar to

　　due to

　　thanks to

　　popular with

　　above all

　　on behalf of

　　after all

　　in terms of

　　in need of

　　in favour of

　　in return

　　in short

　　apart from

　　instead of

　　regardless of

　　in detail

　　in general

　　on purpose

　　in place of

　　in search of

　　for fear of

　　in exchange for

　　in addition to

　　in spite of

　　in vain

　　beyond reach

　　at dawn

　　at daybreak

　　at sunset/sunrise

　　at table

　　far from

　　free from

　　by the way

　　be fond of

　　对点训练

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．(2017·江苏卷)I am always delighted when I receive an e­mail from you. ________ the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.

　　A. On account of

　　B. In response to

　　C. In view of

　　D. With regard to

　　答案与解析　D　句意：当我收到你的电子邮件时，我总是很高兴。关于7月1日的聚会，我将很乐意参加。on account of“因为；由于”； in response to“对……作出回应”； in view of“考虑到；鉴于”； with regard to“关于；至于”。

　　2．(2017·辽宁卷)________ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.

　　A. By means of

　　B. On behalf of

　　C. In search of

　　D. For fear of

　　答案与解析　B　by means of“用；凭借”； on behalf of“代表”； in search of“寻找”； for fear of“担心”。根据后半句句意“我祝愿你回国的旅途愉快”可知答案，即“我代表这里的每个人”。

　　3．(福建)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________ all its citizens.

　　A. in charge of

　　B. for the purpose of

　　C. in honour of

　　D. for the benefit of

　　答案与解析　D　句意：为了所有公民的利益，中国一直在推动公立医院的改革。in charge of“掌管；负责”； for the purpose of“为了……目的”； in honour of“为了纪念……”； for the benefit of“为了……的利益”。可知D项意思最符合。

　　4．(安徽)You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be ________ life.

　　A. of

　　B. on

　　C. to

　　D. for

　　答案与解析　D　句意：你可以换工作，也可以搬家，但友谊却可以终身受用。for life“终身”，故选D项。

　　5．(湖北)The furniture, with its modern style and bright colours, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks ________ in the garden of a traditional home.

　　A. out of question

　　B. out of order

　　C. out of sight

　　D. out of place

　　答案与解析　D　句意：这件家具，式样现代，颜色明亮，适合现代房子和花园，但是在传统家庭的花园里看上去就不合适了。out of question“毫无疑问”； out of order“发生故障”； out of sight“看不见”； out of place“不合适的；不恰当的；不相称的”。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　6．In fact, apart ________ money, the old man needs more care.

　　答案　from

　　7．(2017·黄冈中学5月二模)After years of hard work, you may depend ________ it that he can fulfil the task.

　　答案　on

　　8．(2017·青岛二中11月月考)Although my original idea doesn't think, it's not up ________ me to decide the plan.

　　答案　to

　　9．I noticed her eyes ________ particular, because they were very large and beautiful.

　　答案　in

　　10．Did you choose this company ________ account of high pay?

　　答案　on

　　三、常用的并列连词

　　知识点讲解

　　四、并列句中的注意事项

　　知识点讲解

　　　⑤when用作并列连词时，其意义为“这时；那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：Somebody was doing something when ...; Somebody was about to/going to do/on the point of doing something when ...; Somebody had just done something when ...

　　We were having a meeting when someone broke in.

　　⑥while意为“而；却”，表示对比。

　　He likes pop music, while I am fond of classical music.

　　⑦副词besides, furthermore, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore, consequently, anyway等也可以起并列连词的作用。

　　This place isn't quiet enough for us to stay for a rest; furthermore, it is not shady.

　　对点训练

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．(2017·新课标卷Ⅰ)There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________ another man, also intelligent, fails.

　　A. since

　　B. if

　　C. as

　　D. while

　　答案　__D__　知识点　__③，⑥__

　　解析　句意：不清楚为什么一个人会有重大发现，而另外一个同样聪明的人却失败了。根据句意断定，该题的空格处需要填入一个并列连词。乍一看，这四个连词似乎都是从属连词，都不能填入句中。殊不知，在实际的语言运用过程中， while还具有并列连词的属性，表示“转折和对比”，正好符合句式结构和语意逻辑。故答案选D项。其他三个选项都没有这种属性和功能，所以可以排除。

　　2．(2017·新课标卷Ⅱ)I was glad to meet Jenny again, ________ I didn't want to spend all day with her.

　　A. but

　　B. and

　　C. so

　　D. or

　　答案　__A__　知识点　__③__

　　解析　句意：我很高兴再次见到詹妮，________我不想整天和她待在一起。根据前半句中的glad与后半句中的didn't want可知前后两句为转折关系，所以选A项。

　　3．(2017·北京卷)Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs, ________ you could have problems.

　　A. or

　　B. and

　　C. but

　　D. so

　　答案　__A__　知识点　__④__

　　解析　句意：在关掉所有的程序之前不要关电脑，要不然你会遇到问题的。or“否则；要不然”，表示一种否定的条件； and连接表示顺承的并列句； but连接表示转折的并列句； so连接表示因果的并列句。由语境可知正确答案为A项。掌握并列连词的用法以及前后分句的逻辑关系是解题关键。

　　4．(2017·江西卷)What a terrible experience! ________， you're safe now — that's the main thing.

　　A. Anyway

　　B. Besides

　　C. Otherwise

　　D. Therefore

　　答案　__A__　知识点　__⑦__

　　解析　句意：多么可怕的经历呀！至少，你现在是安全的——那才是最重要的事。选项中四个单词均为副词， anyway“无论如何；至少”； besides“而且；此外”； otherwise“否则”； therefore“因此”。故A项符合语境。

　　5．(2017·四川卷)Read this story, ________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.

　　A. or

　　B. and

　　C. but

　　D. so

　　答案　__B__　知识点　__①__

　　解析　句意：如果你读这个故事，你将会意识到并不是一切东西都能用金钱买到。or“否则”； and“而且”； but“但是”； so“因此”。分析句子结构可知，本题为“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构，本句中前面的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示此条件下的结果，又由句意可知应用连词and。

　　6．(2017·重庆卷)It's not easy to change habits, ________ with awareness and self­control, it is possible.

　　A. for

　　B. or

　　C. but

　　D. so

　　答案　__C__　知识点　__③__

　　解析　句意：改变习惯不容易，________有了意识和自制力，它是可能的。分析句子意思我们知道，空格前后的句子存在转折关系。for“因为”； or“或者”； but“但是”； so“所以”。因此答案为C项。其实后面的句子补充完整应为： it is possible to change habits with awareness and self­control。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　7．“Study hard ________ get good grades, and you will find a high­paying job with great benefits，” my parents used to say.

　　答案　and

　　8．I was about to call Mr. Stone ________ I found my cell phone missing.

　　答案　when

　　9．Calm down for a while, ________ you will simplify the complicated problems very soon.

　　答案　and

　　10．That was our first lesson, ________ he didn't know all our names.

　　答案　so