2017届高考英语一轮复习热点课件：第4节 名词和主谓一致高效语法

　　12．who/why/how/whether/if/than引导的名词性从句＋单数谓语。 How he got there is unknown. 不知道他是怎样到那儿的。 13．Many a ＋单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 Many a student has attended the lecture.

　　很多学生已经听了演讲。 14．More than one ＋单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 More than one book was sent to the school for the poor kids.

　　很多书送去那个学校给那些可怜的孩子。 15．One and a half ＋复数名词作主语，谓语用复数。 One and a half aspirins are left in the bottle.

　　瓶里还剩一片半的阿斯匹林。

　　【知识运用】填空题： 1. An expert, together with some assistants, __________ sent to help in that work. 2. This is one of the best novels that __________ appeared this year. 3. Do you know the boys who __________ over there? 4. Our family __________ a happy one and our family are friendly. 5. About 40 percent of the books here __________ worth reading.

　　答案： 1. was　2. have　3. are　4. is　5. are 1. Entering the room, the headmaster said, “Everyone ________ quiet, please.”

　　A. keep

　　B. keeps

　　C. is keeping

　　D. to keep 【分析】A　此题容易误选B，因为主语 everyone通常被视为第三人称单数，所以其后谓语用 keeps。但事实上，最佳答案应是A，注意句末的 please，它表明此直接引语为祈使句，只不过该祈使句带上 everyone 这个主语。既然是祈使句，所以动词用原形，即选A。 2. In fact, ________ one cause that leads to the problem.

　　A. cattle is

　　B. cattle are

　　C. cattles are

　　D. the cattles are 【分析】B　从表面上看，此题似乎应选A，其实，正确答案为B。cattle (牲畜，牛)为集合名词，用作复数意义，但不用于复数形式(即不加复数词尾­s)，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。 3. More than one student ________ read these novels, which ________ written by David.

　　A. has; was

　　B. have; were

　　C. has; were

　　D. have; was 【分析】C　此题容易误选B，其实最佳答案为C。more than one student (不止一个学生) 从形式上看是单数，但从意义上却是复数，它用作主语时，英语习惯上让其谓语与该主语的形式(而不是意义)保持一致，即用单数谓语。至于第二空要用复数，因为which指的是novels，故谓语用were。 高效语法复习篇

　　第4节 名词和主谓一致

　　名 词

　　高考湖南卷在单选题中会考到主谓一致，这与名词的用法有关；在完形填空一中会考查到4－5个名词的辨析；在阅读填空和阅读简答中还会考到名词的变形，总分达到10分以上。

　　1. cause, reason, excuse We haven't know the reason for his being late.

　　我们不知道他迟到的原因。 A lighted cigarette was the cause of the fire.

　　未熄灭的烟头是大火的起因。 Don't make up any excuse for your absence.

　　不要为缺席编造任何借口。 2. mistake, error, fault While learning, we will make many mistakes.

　　学习过程中，我们会犯很多错误。 He can't forget the errors of his youth.

　　他忘不了他年轻时犯的错误。 He always finds fault with others.

　　他老是找别人的茬。 3. sight, view, scene, scenery 【知识运用】填空题： 1. 结果没有预料的好，但是他脸上的表情告诉我们他还是很高兴。 The result was not as good as expected but the __________ on his face told us that he was still very happy. 2. Lee 在美国获得博士学位后，面临着是否回国的这样的一个进退两难的状况。 Lee was faced with the __________ of whether or not to return to his country after he got the doctor's degree in America. 3. Clare提供奖金100美元给找到她手机的人。 Clare has offered a __________ of $100 to anyone who can find her lost cell phone. 4. 我不能说哪一种酒更好，这是个人口味的问题。 I can't say which wine is best — it's a(n) __________ of personal taste. 5. 每个学生都有免费试用图书馆里资源的机会。 Every student has free __________ to the library. 答案： 1. expression　 2. dilemma　 3. reward　 4. matter 5. access 1. The ________ so much alike that I can't tell which is which.

　　A. twin looks

　　B. twins look

　　C. twin look

　　D. twins looks

　　【分析】B　此题容易误选C，误认为 twin 的意思是“双胞胎”，指两个，表复数意义。其实，此题的正确答案为B，twin 的意思是“孪生子之一”或“双胞胎之一”，英文解释为 either of two children born of the same mother at the same time，即它指的是两者中的一个，而不是两个，要表示双胞胎两个，要用复数 twins。 2. Mr. Black, who is a ________， is now in love with Miss Smith, who is a ________. A. cooker; typewriter B. cook; typist C. cooker; typist D. cook; typewriter 【分析】B　此题正确答案为B，但容易误选A，许多同学想当然地认为：cook 用作动词，表示“煮饭”，所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词，表示“煮饭的人”，即“厨师”；type 用作动词，表示“打字”，所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员”。 主谓一致

　　1．“Either A or B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于B。 Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball. 老师和学生都不喜欢篮球。

　　注意：在一般疑问句中，谓语取决于A。 Do either the students or their teacher dislike basketball? 2．“Neither A nor B＋谓语”结构，谓语多取决于B。但现代英语也出现复数谓语，理由是neither A nor B是两部分之和，为复数概念，故其后可用复数谓语。 Neither she nor I was / were fortunate enough to gain extra points. 她和我都不幸未能获得附加分。 3．Neither of… 接单、复数谓语(通常视为单数，但在口语中，从表达的实际意义上亦可视为复数)。 None of… 接单、复数谓语。 Neither of them is / are right. 他们两个都不正确。

　　4．“A ＋as well as/(together)with/along with/but/rather than ＋B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于A。 All but Li Dong have passed the test. 除了李东所有人都通过了考试。 The mother with her 3 daughters is shopping there.

　　妈妈带了三个女儿在逛街。 5．表示钱数、时间、长度、数学等概念名词，其后通常用单数谓语。 20 kilometres is too much for them. 20公里是他们吃不消的。 1,000 dollars is a large sum of money.

　　1,000美元是一大笔钱。 10 years is a long time for kids.

　　对孩子来说10年是很长一段时间。(表示一个整体时间) 10 years have passed since I last saw him.

　　自从上次见到他以来已经过去10个年头了。(表具体时间) 6．There be 结构中be的形式取决于靠近be的名词，若是单数名词，则be为is/was; 若是复数名词，则be为are/were(即第1条中的“就近原则”)。 There is a desk, two chairs and three sofas in the room. 房间里有一张课桌，两把椅子和三张沙发。 There are two chairs, a desk and three sofas in the room. 房间里有两把椅子，一张课桌和三张沙发。 7．a group of…，a team of…后跟复数谓语、单数谓语皆可，跟复数谓语的理由是不止一个人，跟单数谓语的理由是将许多人视为“一组”、“一队”这样的一个单位体。 A group/team of students are /is cleaning the street. 一群学生在打扫街道。 8．像 school, class, family, team, group等这类群体名词，其后谓语可能是单数形式，也可能是复数形式。通常视其为一个整体单位时，用单数谓语；视其为群体成员时，则用复数谓语。 The class are having a meeting. 这个班的学生在开会。 The class is not very big. 这个班不是大班。 The family is a big family and the family are going on a trip now.

　　这家庭是个大家庭，现在全家人都在旅游。 9．像police, clothes, trousers这类复数概念名词，其后总是跟复数谓语。the wounded (伤员)后总是跟复数谓语。

　　The clothes are very beautiful.

　　这些衣服真漂亮。

　　The wounded have been sent to the nearest hospital.

　　伤员已经被送到最近的医院去了。 10．像clothing, news, information, advice这类不可数名词后应跟单数谓语，但它们前面有可数性短语修饰时，也可跟复数谓语。 His advice is reasonable.

　　他的建议很有道理。 Three pieces of news were announced on TV. 电视上播放了3条消息。 11．百分数of＋复数名词＋复数谓语，百分数of＋单数名词/不可数名词＋单数谓语。分数后的谓语形式同百分数。 40 percent of the students are girls. 40%的学生是女生。 80 percent of the task has been finished. 完成了80%的工作。