2017届高考英语语法集训：3 名词性从句

　　语法集训过关(三)

　　名词性从句

　　1. (2017·重庆模拟)Life is　happens to you while you’re busy making other plans.

　　A. which　B. where　C. whatD. when

　　2. The reason why I didn’t go to Shanghai was　I got a new job in Beijing.

　　A. that B. why

　　C. which

　　D. because

　　3. 　surprised me most was　such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.

　　A. That; whatB. What; that

　　C. That; which

　　D. What; which

　　4. (2017·温岭模拟)If you often feel tired and can’t focus your attention, that is　you have to stop studying too hard and to have a rest.

　　A. because

　　B. whether

　　C. when

　　D. what

　　5. (2017·浙大附中模拟)I remember well that is　he parked his car that night.

　　A. where B. why

　　C. in which

　　D. when

　　6. (原创)Stone is strong and can not be rotten. That is　stone walls

　　are used instead of fences around New England fields.

　　A. why B. because

　　C. that

　　D. what

　　7. At that time, it seemed　I couldn’t think of the right word to comfort her broken heart.

　　A. even though B. as if

　　C. which

　　D. so that

　　8. His success was because of　he had been working hard.

　　A. that B. the fact which

　　C. the fact that

　　D. the fact

　　9. (2017·宁波模拟)Anyone who applies for the position must meet the requirement　he or she should have a good command of English.

　　A. which B. whether

　　C. how

　　D. that

　　10. Three days later, word came　our country had sent up another man-made satellite.

　　A. which B. when

　　C. that

　　D. where

　　11. (2017·桐乡模拟)Evidence came up　specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.

　　A. what B. which

　　C. that

　　D. whose

　　12. I have no idea　or not he has finished the papers assigned by our teacher.

　　A. if B. that

　　C. whether

　　D. which

　　13. News has been put forward　more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

　　A. while B. when

　　C. that

　　D. as

　　14. is a factquite a few people in China are growing rich on their hard work.

　　A. It; that B. It; which

　　C. This; that

　　D. That; that

　　15. (2017·成都模拟)　is known to us all is that the Diaoyu Islands have belonged to China since ancient times.

　　A. It B. What

　　C. As

　　D. That

　　16. 　the PX project will be called off depends, for it still needs more research and discussion.

　　A. That B. Whether

　　C. Where

　　D. What

　　17. 　made his mother angry that the boy didn’t take medicine.

　　A. It B. What

　　C. That

　　D. Which

　　18. It is uncertain　side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

　　A. that B. what

　　C. how

　　D. whether

　　19. (2017·嘉兴模拟)Eating is so important to Chinese　we have the term “food culture”. But recent reports have the public worried about　is on our tables.

　　A. what; that B. which; that

　　C. that; which

　　D. that; what

　　20. You can’t imaginewhen they received these nice Christmas presents.

　　A. how they were excited B. how excited they were

　　C. how excited were they

　　D. they were how excited

　　21. is expected, according to the online survey, isthe price of housing will not go up any more.

　　A. As; what B. It; that

　　C. What; that

　　D. What; which

　　22. They discussed　they could settle the problem without others’ help.

　　A. if B. that

　　C. what

　　D. whether

　　23. We should get prepared for dealing withproblems arise from our work and life.

　　A. any B. whichever

　　C. whatever

　　D. however

　　24. It was not until dark　he found　he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.

　　A. that; what B. that; that

　　C. when; what

　　D. when; that

　　25. (2017·合肥模拟)If you wake up at 3: 00 a. m. , don’t count sheep. Instead, focus on　you can feel and touch.

　　A. that B. how

　　C. whether

　　D. what

　　Ⅱ. 任务型阅读

　　请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意: 每个空格只填一个单词。

　　Women are avoiding academic careers in math-intensive fields because the lifestyle is not consistent with motherhood, researchers at Cornell University found in a study to be published next month in American Scientist Magazine.

　　Universities have long been criticized for hiring and evaluation policies that discriminate against women, but the findings of this new study point to the female biological clock as a main reason why so few women end up as professors in fields such as math, engineering, physics and computer science.

　　A woman who wants a family looks at the tough path to a tenured(终身的)position and considers how old she will be before she can start a family and how little time she will have to raise her children. Many of those women choose a more flexible career.

　　“Universities have been largely inflexible about anything other than the standard timetable, which means you’ll have to struggle for years and only then would you consider getting pregnant(怀孕的), ”said Wendy Williams, a human development professor at Cornell who co-authored the study with her husband, Stephen Ceci.

　　Williams and Ceci analyzed data about the academic careers of men and women with and without children. Before women became mothers, they had careers equal to or more successful than their male peers. But once they gave birth, the dynamic changed.

　　Women in other academic fields such as the humanities and social sciences face similar problems and often leave academia as well. But because there are so many women in those Ph D programs, enough finally stay to amount to a critical mass of female professors.

　　In math-heavy fields, however, women make up a tiny minority of the graduate students. So when the rare few who make it through a Ph D program leave because universities are not concerned about their needs as mothers at all, the net result is almost no women represented on faculty rosters(教师名单), the study said.

　　Phenomenon Few women choose(1)　careers in math-intensive fields

　　Reasons General

　　belief The hiring and evaluation policies of universities don’t treat women(2) 　

　　New discovery So few women end up as professors in fields such as math, engineering, physics and computer science(3)　because of the female biological clock

　　Supporting

　　details The(4)　path and the countless hours they need to devote to their work make them give up

　　Universities have been inflexible about anything(5)　the standard timetable

　　Before women became mothers, they had careers equal to or more(6)　than their male peers. But after they had children, things changed

　　Women in other academic fields are also(7)　with the same problem and leave academia as well

　　(8)_______ The fact that the lifestyle of professors doesn’t(9)　with their motherhood leads to their being unwilling to take up academic careers in math-intensive fields. Even if the rare few make it through a Ph D program, they leave in the end because universities don’t(10)　about their needs as mothers

　　【语篇随练】多练一点　技高一筹

　　根据任务型阅读回答问题

　　1. How were the women’s careers before they gave birth to children?

　　2. Why women are avoiding academic careers in math-intensive fields?

　　答案解析

　　Ⅰ. 1.【解析】选C。考查表语从句。句意: 生活是当你忙着制订其他计划时所发生的事情。根据句子结构, happens是谓语动词, 空格处应是从句的主语, 因此不用副词where和when。which表示哪一个, 不符合句意。

　　2. 【解析】选A。考查表语从句。the reason(. . . )is/was that. . . , “……的原因是……”, 是一个固定的表达结构, 这时的表语从句不用why, because或其他引导词。

　　3. 【解析】选B。考查主语从句和表语从句。句意: 使我非常吃惊的是这么一个七岁的小男孩能把钢琴弹得那么好。第一空是主语从句, 缺少主语, 用what; 第二空是表语从句, 没有意义, 因此用that。

　　4. 【解析】选C。考查表语从句。句意: 如果你经常感到疲倦, 不能集中精力, 那就是你必须停止刻苦学习好好休息的时候了。从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语, 因此不用what; because表示原因; whether是否, 不符合句意。

　　5. 【解析】选A。考查表语从句。句意: 我清楚地记得那天晚上他停车的地方。从句he parked his car that night中有时间, 因此不能选D。C项是定语从句引导词; why与句意不符。所以选A。

　　6. 【解析】选A。考查表语从句。句意: 石头结实而且又不会腐烂。这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。why引导表语从句, 从句内容是结果; because引导表语从句, 从句内容是原因。that的主语需是reason; what在从句中作主语或宾语, 但从句中不缺少主语和宾语。

　　7. 【解析】选B。考查表语从句。句意: 当时, 我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来安慰她破碎的心。even though引导让步状语从句, 表示“虽然, 尽管”; which哪一个; so that引导结果状语从句或目的状语从句; as if似乎, 好像, 符合句意。

　　8. 【解析】选C。考查同位语从句。句意: 他的成功是因为工作努力。because of后只能跟名词、代词、动名词或what从句, the fact后应该跟that引导的同位语从句。

　　9.【解析】选D。考查同位语从句。句意: 凡是申请这一岗位的人必须符合掌握英语这一要求。从句结构完整不缺少句子成分, that在从句中没有意义, 整个从句是对requirement的解释。

　　10. 【解析】选C。考查分隔式同位语从句。句意: 三天后有消息说, 我们国家又发射了一颗人造卫星。that引导的同位语从句是对word的解释, 被came分开了。

　　11.【解析】选C。考查分隔式同位语从句。句意: 六个月大的婴儿可以识别具体的语音这一证据被提出了。evidence后接同位语从句被came up分开了, 句子意思完整, 所以选that。

　　12. 【解析】选C。考查同位语从句。句意: 我不知道他是否完成了我们老师布置的论文。whether or not是否, 是一个固定的用法, 其余连词不和or not连用。

　　13. 【解析】选C。考查同位语从句。句意: 更多中学生将被允许进入大学的消息被提出了。that引导的是news的同位语从句, 是对news的内容进行说明, 且that不作成分, “消息”的内容是……。

　　14. 【解析】选A。考查主语从句。为了保持句子平衡, 经常用“it”作为形式主语, 放在句首, 而把真正的主语从句放到后面。从句中结构完整, 因此不用连接代词which。

　　15. 【解析】选B。考查主语从句。分析题目结构可以看出, 题目中“　is known to us all”是句子主语, 空格处缺少的是从句的连接词, 同时该连接词还在从句中作主语, 因此只能选择what。其余各项均无此功能。

　　【加固训练】

　　We thought　strange that Tom did not come to school yesterday.

　　A. that B. it

　　C. this

　　D. what

　　【解析】选B。考查形式宾语。句意: 汤姆昨天没来上学, 我们觉得很奇怪。it作形式宾语, 其余选项无此功能, that从句是真正的宾语。

　　【拓展延伸】what, it, that和as在句中的不同表达

　　众所周知, 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

　　(1)what主语从句的表达结构为:

　　What is known to us all is that China is a country with a long history.

　　(2)it作形式主语的结构为:

　　It is known to us all that China is a country with a long history.

　　(3)that引导的主语从句结构为:

　　That China is a country with a long history is known to us.

　　(4)as引导的定语从句结构为:

　　As is known to us, China is a country with a long history.

　　16.【解析】选B。考查名词性从句。句意: PX项目是否将被取消还不一定, 因为它还需要更多的研究和讨论。whether引导主语从句, 意为“是否”。

　　【加固训练】

　　is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.

　　A. That B. Why

　　C. How

　　D. Who

　　【解析】选D。考查主语从句。句意: 谁来做这项工作由党委会决定。空格后是谓语is going to, 因此空格处是从句的主语, A不作成分; B和C不作主语; 所以选D。

　　17. 【解析】选A。考查主语从句。句意: 那个男孩不吃药使得他妈妈很生气。it作形式主语, that从句是真正的主语。其他选项没有作形式主语的用法。

　　【拓展延伸】it代替主语从句作形式主语的用法

　　◇It + be +形容词+ that从句

　　可用于此句型的形容词有: wonderful, true, good, right, wrong, (un)important, useless, surprising, clear, unusual, lucky, certain, necessary等。

　　It is important that we(should)study hard.

　　注意: 该句型中的形容词是(un)important, necessary等时, 从句应为(should+)动词原形。

　　◇It + be + -ed分词+ that从句

　　适用该句型的过去分词主要有: said, reported, announced, hoped, thought, told, believed, expected, decided, suggested, known等。

　　It is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free.

　　注意: 该句型的过去分词是suggested时, 从句应为(should+)动词原形。

　　◇It + be +名词(词组)+ that从句

　　适用该句型的名词(词组)有: a pity, an honor, a good thing, a fact, a surprise, good news, one’s duty等。

　　It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

　　◇It +seems/appears/happens的适当形式+that从句。

　　该句型常可以转换成含不定式的简单句。

　　It seems that there is a big waste pipe coming down from the town.

　　→There seems to be a big waste pipe coming down from the town.

　　◇It doesn’t matter(It’s no wonder; It doesn’t make much difference等)+ when/where/which/whether等从句。

　　They are all classmates. It is no wonder they should help each other with their studies.

　　18.【解析】选B。考查主语从句。句意: 尽管大约有两千名病人已经服用了这种药物, 但是它会产生什么样的副作用现在还不能确定。根据句意可知应该选择B项引导主语从句。what在这里实际上是作为形容词来修饰后面的“side effect副作用”。一起作从句中bring about的宾语。

　　19. 【解析】选D。考查so. . . that句型和宾语从句。句意: 吃对于中国人来说如此重要以至于我们有“饮食文化”这一说法。但最近的报道却使公众担忧我们餐桌上的东西。第一空是so. . . that. . . 句型; 第二空是宾语从句中的主语, 表示“……的东西”, 因此用what。

　　20.【解析】选B。考查宾语从句。句意: 你想象不出当他们收到那些精美的圣诞礼物时是多么激动。how引导宾语从句表示感叹, 后跟所修饰的形容词或副词, 然后才是句子的主语和谓语。C项是疑问语序, 所以不正确。

　　21. 【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意: 根据网上的调查可知, 人们期望的是房价不再上涨。去掉插入语according to the online survey, 可知前面是主语从句, it和as不引导主语从句, 所以排除A、B两项。第二个空后是表语从句, 表语从句句意完整, 不少成分, 所以用that引导, 故C为正确选项。

　　22. 【解析】选D。考查宾语从句。句意: 他们讨论了没有其他人的帮助, 他们是否能解决这个问题。discuss后的宾语从句不用if引导, 只用whether。what在句中作主语、表语或宾语。

　　【拓展延伸】whether与if

　　(1)whether可与or not连用, 而if不可以。

　　I don’t know whether or not he will come.

　　我不知道他是否会来。

　　(2)引导主语从句, 在句首时用whether, 而不用if。

　　Whether you take part in or not the result will be the same.

　　你参不参加结果都是一样的。

　　Whether he will come is still a question.

　　他是否会来还是一个疑问。

　　(3)在介词后用whether, 而不用if。

　　It depends on whether he can solve the problem.

　　那取决于他能否解决这个问题。

　　(4)whether可以与动词不定式连用。

　　He can’t decide whether to visit her or not.

　　他尚未决定是否去看她。

　　(5)在discuss等动词后, 只能用whether。

　　(6)表示“如果”时用if, 而不用whether。

　　If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go to Chongqing.

　　如果明天不下雨, 我就去重庆。

　　23. 【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意: 我们应该准备好处理我们生活和工作中出现的任何问题。根据结构可知, 空格后是一个从句, 因此不用any。however不修饰名词; whichever无论哪一个, whatever无论什么。

　　24.【解析】选A。考查强调句型和宾语从句。句意: 直到天黑他才发现他所想的是解决问题的正确方法。第一个空是not until用于强调句, 构成it is not until. . . that“直到……才”, 第二个空后的he thought是插入语, 将he thought删掉后可知宾语从句的主语缺失, 只能用what来充当主语, that在名词性从句中不充当成分。

　　25. 【解析】选D。考查宾语从句。句意: 如果你凌晨三点醒来, 不要数羊以求入睡。相反, 专注于你能感知和触摸到的事物。what引导宾语从句, 在从句中充当feel和touch的宾语。

　　Ⅱ. 答案: 1. academic　2. fairly/equally　3. mainly/chiefly　4. tough　5. except/but　6. successful　7. faced

　　8. Conclusion　9. agree/correspond/consist　10. care

　　【语篇随练】

　　1. Their careers were equal to or more successful than their male peers’.

　　2. Because the lifestyle is not consistent with motherhood. /Because universities are not concerned about their needs as mothers at all.