2017届高考英语语法集训：1 定语从句

　　语法集训过关(一)

　　定 语 从 句

　　1. Finally they reached the villagethey thought was seriously damaged in the earthquake.

　　A. whereB. whomC. whenD. which

　　2. (2017·无锡模拟)The girl wearing a pair of dark glasses comes from a city in South China, is evident from her accent.

　　A. who B. that

　　C. where

　　D. as

　　3. (2017·皖南模拟)Members of the Beijing Wheelchair Dance Training Base, was set up in 2009, are able to manage their wheelchairs perfectly.

　　A. who B. which

　　C. what

　　D. that

　　4. What surprised me was not what he said buthe said it.

　　A. the wayB. in the way that

　　C. in the way

　　D. the way which

　　5. Do you still remember the summer dayswe spent watching the 2017 Olympic Games?

　　A. when B. on which

　　C. that

　　D. what

　　6. (原创)China Dream is a great dream　anyone can make a positive influence on society and contribute to our country.

　　A. which B. what

　　C. where

　　D. when

　　7. The studentsparents work in the USA speak English very well.

　　A. whose B. their

　　C. whom

　　D. who

　　8. When I entered, they were talking about the teachers and schoolsthey had visited.

　　A. which B. whom

　　C. that

　　D. who

　　9. Wei Hua is the only student in our schoolhas won a chance to study in Britain.

　　A. which B. whom

　　C. whose

　　D. who

　　10. He is such an experienced teacherwe all like and respect.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. as

　　D. who

　　11. “I didn’t expect the rain would be so heavy that it even stopped trains, ”said Peterson, a traveler from the UK, had planned to go to Dalian for a weekend holiday.

　　A. whom B. who

　　C. which

　　D. where

　　12. —Why not go out to play basketball this afternoon?

　　—Sorry. I’ll be dealing with the casewe think deserves immediate attention.

　　A. which B. where

　　C. when

　　D. what

　　13. (2017·芜湖模拟)Jane paused in front of a countersome attractive ties were on display.

　　A. where B. when

　　C. why

　　D. which

　　14. (2017·长春模拟)—Where did you meet Mr Smith from the US yesterday?

　　—It was in that marketwe often buy things.

　　A. where B. what

　　C. that

　　D. there

　　15. (2017·重庆模拟)Humans’ activities have pushed some endangered animals into a situation　we will probably never see them.

　　A. that B. what

　　C. where

　　D. which

　　16. The researchers will visit the primary school next Wednesday, all the pupils are children of migrant workers.

　　A. where B. which

　　C. when

　　D. whom

　　17. Between the popular live program are two intervals, the audience can go to the bathrooms.

　　A. where B. that

　　C. when

　　D. which

　　18. After graduation, he worked as a typist until 2017, he met four young men, who were interested in starting a computer and Internet company.

　　A. when B. where

　　C. which

　　D. before

　　19. The book is very helpful. That’s the reasonhe advises me to buy one.

　　A. which B. why

　　C. it

　　D. 不填

　　20. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, mostwere from Germany.

　　A. of them B. of which

　　C. of whom

　　D. of whose

　　21. (2017·福建四地六校模拟)Mr. Green, for　life had been very hard, donated his possessions to earthquake-hit families in Sichuan.

　　A. whose B. whom

　　C. which

　　D. that

　　22. —What do you think of the cake?

　　—Very delicious and quite different fromI had last week.

　　A. that B. the one

　　C. what

　　D. which

　　23. It looks like it might rain this morning, we’ll have to cancel our picnic plan. A. in which

　　B. in whose case

　　C. in which case

　　D. in that case

　　24. I’m going to pay a visit to Mr. Wang, withouthelp I couldn’t have been admitted to the key university.

　　A. who B. whose

　　C. whom

　　D. which

　　25. On seeing me, Mike changed the directionhe was walking and made his way to the other side of the road.

　　A. to which B. in which

　　C. for which

　　D. at which

　　Ⅱ. 完形填空

　　(2017·南京模拟)

　　In my early childhood, my parents and teachers taught me to be persistent(执着的)in every task I devoted myself to. I was　1　that persistence is the only way towards success. But a small　2　made me change my mind.

　　One day my two-year-old son, 　3　at a dozen of “stood” color marker-pens, cheered excitedly, “Mummy, look! I did it. ”Afterwards, he collected some ballpoint pens, 　4　to do the same. Hard though he tried, the ballpoint pens just lay　5　. He turned to me for help. Noticing they had either sharp or round ends, I said　6　, “Mummy can’t help you. ”To my surprise, he wouldn’t listen and continued trying. . . I was dumbfounded by his persistence.

　　My son’s behaviour reminded me of George who was always　7　in his work and rarely talked to anyone. To him, 　8　, there was no such thing called weekends or holidays. Our boss praised　9　about him and　10　us to look up to him as a role model.

　　One day I met George. “Gonna work late again tonight? ”

　　“Probably I can’t leave till midnight, ”he said.

　　“How many hours have you put in here each week, eighty or ninety? ”

　　“　11　. ”

　　“Don’t you have time to be with your family at all? ”

　　He shook his head slowly and　12　a sigh. “It’s not what I wanted. But I have worked on it for so long. It’s much too　13　to even think about letting go. ”

　　A year later I resigned. The　14　thing I heard about him was that his wife divorced him. Since then I’ve never seen him. But occasionally his aged　15　would come to my mind.

　　Until that day, 　16　knowing why the ballpoint pens couldn’t stand up, the two-year-old son had　17　the impossibility after many failures. He put aside all the ballpoint pens and kept only those marker-pens for his “game”. 　18　, he already learned to let go of his previous　19　attempts.

　　In our daily life, many headaches can be avoided if we know how to　20　them and then decisively let them go immediately.

　　1. A. confident B. consistent

　　C. conscious

　　D. convinced

　　2. A. event

　　B. incident

　　C. accident

　　D. affair

　　3. A. pointing

　　B. shouting

　　C. screaming

　　D. laughing

　　4. A. insisting

　　B. requiring

　　C. intending

　　D. urging

　　5. A. flat

　　B. silent

　　C. still

　　D. quiet

　　6. A. deliberately

　　B. casually

　　C. unintentionally

　　D. enthusiastically

　　7. A. interested B. busy

　　C. devoted

　　D. buried

　　8. A. therefore

　　B. however

　　C. otherwise

　　D. though

　　9. A. high

　　B. highly

　　C. well

　　D. much

　　10. A. promised

　　B. demanded

　　C. inspired

　　D. appealed

　　11. A. At random

　　B. At times

　　C. At most

　　D. At least

　　12. A. let off

　　B. let out

　　C. sent off

　　D. sent out

　　13. A. encouraging

　　B. comfortable

　　C. painful

　　D. ashamed

　　14. A. latter

　　B. later

　　C. last

　　D. lately

　　15. A. picture

　　B. figure

　　C. reflection

　　D. image

　　16. A. for

　　B. with

　　C. without

　　D. besides

　　17. A. received

　　B. accepted

　　C. refused

　　D. rejected

　　18. A. Generally

　　B. Eventually

　　C. Additionally

　　D. Obviously

　　19. A. useless

　　B. endless

　　C. hopeful

　　D. meaningful

　　20. A. clarify

　　B. distinguish

　　C. identify

　　D. acknowledge

　　【技法导练】多学一点　棋高一着

　　完形填空——利用上下文逻辑关系解题

　　高考完形填空最常考的四种逻辑关系是并列、转折让步、因果和时间, 被称为逻辑“四大天王”。完形填空题需根据特定的“情景”意义来选择一个最佳答案, 关键在于对文章逻辑的正确把握。

　　逻辑关系 常用词汇

　　并　列 and, while

　　转折让步 but, however, nevertheless, yet, though, although, while

　　因　果 so, therefore, thus, because, for, since, as, due to, owning to, thanks to, as a result of

　　时　间 when, while, as, before, after, meanwhile, finally, eventually, then, later

　　例如: 此篇完形填空第8题考查考生对文章上下文逻辑关系的把握能力。此空前面提到George总是忙于自己的工作, 几乎没有时间与别人讲话。此空后面提到对他来说没有周末和假日这类事情。很明显前后两句间是关系, 故选, 表示“”。

　　【语篇随练】多练一点　技高一筹

　　根据完形填空回答下列问题。

　　. 句型转换。

　　1. Hard though he tried, the ballpoint pens just lay flat. (转换成陈述句)

　　2. The two-year-old son had accepted the impossibility after many failures. (对画线部分进行强调)

　　. 熟词生义: 写出句中黑体部分的汉语意思。

　　1. Laura put aside her concerns and got on with the job. ()

　　2. Each month she puts aside some money for her retirement. (

　　)

　　3. I put aside a day at the end of each month for doing the business accounts. (

　　)

　　4. The shop offered to put aside the dress while I went to the bank. (

　　)

　　答案解析

　　Ⅰ. 1. 【解析】选D。此处关系代词which在定语从句中作主语, they thought是主句, 其后的宾语从句“was seriously damaged in the earthquake”明显缺少一个主语, 故D项正确。

　　2.【解析】选D。句意: 带着墨镜的女孩来自中国南方, 这可以从她的口音中明显地听出来。as引导非限制性定语从句, 表示“这一点”。

　　【误区警示】本题应首先判断is前的主语是人还是物, 或者指代一整句。定语从句中除了关系代词which, that, who, whose外, 还有as。as在句中常可指代一整句, 可以引导限制性定语从句, 也可引导非限制性定语从句, 而that只能引导限制性定语从句, 并不能指代前面一整句, 故本题选D项。

　　3. 【解析】选B。先行词the Beijing Wheelchair Dance Training Base是先行词, 指物, 其后的非限制性定语从句明显缺一主语, 故用which, that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

　　4. 【解析】选A。the way此处表示“方式”, 其后的定语从句用关系词that, 相当于in which, 也可以省略。

　　【误区警示】(1)the way表“方法”, 关系词可用which或that, 在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。但若其前有最高级、序数词、the only等修饰时, 就只能用that。

　　The way(that/which)he thought of to prevent the air pollution was very good. 他想出的防止空气污染的方法很好。(the way在定语从句中作thought of的宾语)

　　(2)the way表“方式”, 关系词用that, in which都可以, 也可以都省略。我们学过in this way, 所以应用in which。注意, 此处的that为关系副词, 而非关系代词。

　　I don’t like the way(that/in which)you speak to your mother. 我不喜欢你同你妈妈说话的方式。

　　5. 【解析】选C。句意: 你还记得我们观看2017年奥运会的那些夏日吗? that引导的定语从句修饰the summer days, 且that在定语从句中作及物动词spent的宾语(spent the summer days watching . . . ), 此处也可转换成which或者省略。

　　6. 【解析】选C。考查定语从句引导词。句意: 中国梦是一个伟大的梦, 其中每个人都可以对社会有积极的影响, 都可以为我们的祖国做出贡献。该句是一个定语从句, a great dream是先行词, 分析从句可知句子中不缺主语、宾语或表语, 所以排除掉A; B项what不能引导定语从句; a great dream在从句中作抽象的地点状语, 而不是时间状语, 故选C, where=in which。

　　7. 【解析】选A。句意: 那些家长在美国工作的学生英语说得很棒。whose parents=the parents of whom, whose引导定语从句时后接名词, 在定语从句中作定语。

　　8. 【解析】选C。当先行词既包含人又包含物时, 关系代词只能用that, 因为that可指人, 也可指物。

　　9. 【解析】选D。根据句意, 此处的定语从句修饰the only student, 指人, 且在定语从句中作主语, 故D项正确。

　　10. 【解析】选C。此句是such . . . as结构, as为关系代词, 在定语从句中作like和respect的宾语。此句若在like and respect后加him, 则A项正确, 此句则变成such . . . that句型。

　　11. 【解析】选B。在此题中, 非限制性定语从句所修饰的先行词是a traveler, 而不是the UK, 故关系代词用who, 且在定语从句中作主语。

　　12. 【解析】选A。先行词是the case, 在从句中作主语。因为we think后的宾语从句缺一个主语, 在四个选项中只有which是关系代词, 可作从句的主语。

　　13. 【解析】选A。句意: 简在展示了很多好看的领带的那个柜台前停留了一会儿。主句中counter为名词, 但在定语从句中作抽象的地点状语, 相当于on/in the counter, 故用关系副词where。故选A项。

　　14. 【解析】选A。句意: ——你昨天在哪里遇见从美国来的史密斯先生的? ——是在我们经常买东西的那个市场里。此句是定语从句, 先行词是that market, 此处的where相当于in which。此句是个省略句, 全句应是: It was in that market where we often buy things that I met Mr Smith from the US yesterday. 。

　　15. 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意: 人类的活动已经把一些濒危动物逼近一个形势: 我们将可能永远看不见它们。先行词是situation, 定语从句中缺少地点状语, 用关系副词where引导定语从句, 选C。

　　【加固训练】

　　We’re just trying to reach a pointboth sides will sit down together and talk.

　　A. where B. that

　　C. when

　　D. which

　　【解析】选A。由于定语从句中主语(both sides)已有, 且谓语为不及物动词, 其后无介词, 故不可直接跟宾语, 所以不能选关系代词that/which。然后再根据“在这一点上双方将会坐在一起讨论”可知应用关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语。

　　16. 【解析】选A。根据语境, 此句where引导的是定语从句, where在定语从句中作地点状语, 修饰先行词the primary school。

　　17. 【解析】选C。interval意为“间隔, 间隙”, 指时间。由于定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语, 故此空不可用关系代词, 需要关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语。

　　18. 【解析】选A。when在此处引导非限制性定语从句, 相当于in which, 修饰2017。

　　19. 【解析】选B。此句先行词是the reason, 此处的why相当于for which, 在定语从句中作原因状语。

　　【拓展延伸】关系副词when, where和why也可以用“介词+which”来代替。同时要注意定语从句中的先行词(名词)与介词的合理搭配, 构成状语。

　　I’ll never forget the day when we first met.

　　=I’ll never forget the day on which we first met.

　　我永远也不会忘记我们初次见面的那一天。

　　This is the factory where his father works.

　　=This is the factory in which his father works.

　　这就是他父亲工作的工厂。

　　The reason why he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill. =The reason for which he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill. 他没有出席会议的原因是他病了。

　　20. 【解析】选C。由于句中有逗号, 且前后均无连词引导句子, 因此该句不是并列句或状语从句, 而是非限制性定语从句。在定语从句中, 介词后面指人时只能用关系代词whom。故此题答案为C。

　　【误区警示】若逗号改为分号或在逗号后加and, but等并列连词, 则后一句为并列句。此句可转换成: I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school; most of them were from Germany. /I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, and most of them were from Germany.

　　如果两个句子均没有引导词来引导, 且句子中间出现逗号, 这一定是一个含有定语从句的复合句了。

　　21.【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意: 对于Mr. Green来说生活曾经很艰难, 但是他把所有的财产都捐给了四川被地震袭击的家庭。本题定语从句的先行词是Mr. Green, whom指代先行词作介词for的宾语, 也可以把for whom放在句末, life才是句子真正的主语。本题容易错选whose, 考生会认为whose作为定语修饰life, 如果这样就会出现for whose life在句中作主语, 这是不符合英语语法的。故B正确。

　　【加固训练】

　　This is the tallest building in our city, fromtop we can get a good view of our city.

　　A. whose B. which

　　C. its

　　D. that

　　【解析】选A。此句为非限制性定语从句, 故C项不对。很多同学根据“介词后面只能用关系代词which(指物)或whom(指人)”的规则而选了B项。其实, 我们应注意到本题较特殊, 空格后还有一个名词, 而名词前要用关系代词whose。

　　22. 【解析】选B。句意: ——你认为这个蛋糕怎么样? ——很好吃, 且与我上周吃的蛋糕大不相同。the one =the cake(that), that引导定语从句, 修饰the one, 由于在定语从句中作had的宾语, 故可以省略。此处谈的是蛋糕, 而不是我上周吃的东西, 故what不对。

　　23. 【解析】选C。因为句中有逗号, 故排除D项。若在逗号后加并列连词and, 则D项正确。因此要将that改为关系代词which。

　　24. 【解析】选B。“没有他的帮助”应说without his help。此处前有逗号, 说明是非限制性定语从句, 故用关系代词whose。without whose help=without the help of whom。

　　25. 【解析】选B。“朝……方向”应说“in the direction of. . . ”, 故此处用介词in。

　　Ⅱ. 【文章大意】作者自小就被父母和老师教育: 做任何事都要执着, 但一次两岁的儿子试图将圆珠笔竖起来, 结果却没能成功, 这让她想起一个名叫George的朋友, 他是个工作狂, 心中只有工作, 没有家人, 结果妻子与他离婚。这让作者意识到生活中有许多自己不能做的事, 该放手时就放手, 这样生活才能有乐趣。作者欣慰地看到自己的儿子在玩笔的游戏中已经学会了这一点。

　　1. 【解析】选D。前后照应题。因为小时候, 父母和老师教育“我”做每件事时都要执着。所以“我”一直相信(I was convinced)执着是成功的唯一途径。

　　2.【解析】选B。词义辨析题。event多指重要、有意义的大事件; incident指平常小事; accident指意外事故; affair泛指事件, 事务。此处语境指儿子玩记号笔, 应为平常小事。

　　3. 【解析】选A。前后照应题。一天我两岁的儿子指着(point at)一堆竖着的彩色记号笔, 兴奋地欢呼着。

　　4. 【解析】选C。前后照应题。后来, 儿子又拿了一些圆珠笔, 打算做同样的事, 即把圆珠笔也竖起来。intend to do sth. 打算做某事。

　　5.【解析】选A。背景知识题。根据Hard though he tried(尽管他费了很大的劲试着将圆珠笔竖起来)可知结果没有成功, 圆珠笔仍然没有竖起来。因为这些圆珠笔要么是尖头, 要么是圆头。lie flat意思是“平躺着”。

　　6. 【解析】选B。前后照应题。看到这些圆珠笔要么是尖头要么是圆头, 我不加考虑地(casually)说: “妈妈帮不了你。”但儿子不听, 继续坚持做下去。

　　7.【解析】选D。前后照应题。be buried in his work专心致志地忙于他的工作。这由后文的“他很少和任何人讲话”可知。

　　8.【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。因为他总是忙于自己的工作, 因此(therefore)对他来说没有周末或假日这样的概念。

　　9.【解析】选B。固定搭配题。因为他一心扑在工作上, 所以老板对他高度赞扬。

　　10. 【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。老板鼓舞我们把他当成模范榜样看待。

　　11. 【解析】选D。前后照应题。因为作者的朋友George是个工作狂, 所以每周至少工作80或90小时。

　　12.【解析】选B。前后照应题。根据shook his head slowly(慢慢摇头)可知此处他发出(let out)一声叹息。

　　13. 【解析】选C。前后照应题。根据George讲的话可知“他心中只有工作, 没有家人”, 所以“他认为即使想(在工作方面)放手也是很痛苦的(painful)”。

　　14.【解析】选C。前后照应题。根据后面一句“Since then I’ve never seen him. ”可知此空填last, 说明“这是我听到有关他的最后一件事”。

　　15.【解析】选D。前后照应题。根据come to my mind可知此处选image。虽然后来我再也没见到过他, 但他年迈的形象还会出现在我的脑海中。

　　16.【解析】选C。前后照应题。直到那一天, 我两岁的儿子虽然并不知道为何圆珠笔竖不起来, 但是在多次失败后学会了接受这种不可能。

　　17. 【解析】选B。词语辨析题。accept指“主观接受”, 而receive指“客观上收到”。C、D两项指“拒绝”。

　　18. 【解析】选D。前后照应题。儿子将不能竖起来的圆珠笔放在一边, 只留下可以站起来的记号笔用来玩游戏。很明显(obviously), 他已经学会了对以前无用的(useless)尝试选择放弃。

　　19. 【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。上文中的many failures已提示, 可推知他做了一些无用的尝试。useless无用的。

　　20. 【解析】选C。前后照应题。在我们的日常生活中, 很多令人头疼的事是可以避免的, 只要我们知道如何鉴别(identify)它们并果断地做出放弃的决定。

　　【技法导练】

　　因果therefore；因此【语篇随练】

　　Ⅰ. 1. Though/Although/While he tried hard, the ballpoint pens just lay flat.

　　2. It was after many failures that the two-year-old son had accepted the impossibility.

　　Ⅱ. 1. 撇开2.积蓄, 存钱3.腾出4.保存, 保留